1.

8 Mohrs circle of stress

19

or, since OC = (x + y )/2, CN = CQ cos( 2 ) and CQ = CQ1 we have n = But CQ1 = Hence n = x + y + 2 x y cos 2 + CP1 tan sin 2 2 CP1 cos and CP1 = (x y ) 2 x + y + CQ1 (cos cos 2 + sin sin 2 ) 2

which, on rearranging, becomes n = x cos2 + y sin2 + xy sin 2 as in Eq. (1.8). Similarly it may be shown that Q N = xy cos 2 x y sin 2 = 2

as in Eq. (1.9). Note that the construction of Fig. 1.12(b) corresponds to the stress system of Fig. 1.12(a) so that any sign reversal must be allowed for. Also, the O and O axes must be constructed to the same scale or the equation of the circle is not represented. The maximum and minimum values of the direct stress, viz. the major and minor principal stresses I and II , occur when N (and Q ) coincide with B and A, respectively. Thus 1 = OC + radius of circle = or I = and in the same fashion II = (x + y ) 1 2 (x y )2 + 4xy 2 2 (x + y ) 1 2 (x y )2 + 4xy + 2 2 (x + y ) + 2
2 + P Q2 CP1 1 1

The principal planes are then given by 2 = (I ) and 2 = + (II ). Also the maximum and minimum values of shear stress occur when Q coincides with D and E at the upper and lower extremities of the circle. At these points Q N is equal to the radius of the circle which is given by CQ1 = (x y )2 2 + xy 4