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1-
^d*
1x5 = 5
126
p nsgkfru ds laidZ eas vkus ds ckn vQlj dh fopkj/kkjk esa D;k ifjorZu vk;k\
N izes pan ml xzkeh.k efgyk dks euq";rk ds 'kh"kZ ij dSls fcBkrs gS\a
t xn~;ka'k ls nks eqgkojs pqudj mudk vius okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,A
bjQ+ku dsna hz ; ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ ds {ks=kh; dk;kZy; psUubZ esa dfu"B lgk;d ds in
ij dke dj jgs gSa fdUrq {ks=kh; dk;kZy; bykgkckn esa LFkkukarj.k pkgrs gSAa bjQ+ku dh
vksj ls la;Dq r lfpo iz'kklu dks ,d vkosnu i=k fyf[k, vkSj LFkkukarj.k pkgus
5
vFkok
vki lM+d ij nq?kZVukxzLr gks x, FksA ogk mifLFkr iqfyldehZ vkidh vuns[kh dj pys
x,A fe=kksa dh lgk;rk ls tc vki iqfyl LVs'ku igqp s rks vkidh vksj ls fjiksVZ Hkh ugha
fy[kh xbZA iwjk fooj.k nsrs gq, vius ft+ys ds iqfyl v/kh{kd dks i=k fyf[k,A
5-
1x5 = 5
fuEufyf[kr esas ls fdlh ,d dkO;ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, iz'uksa ds mkj nhft,%
;g rsjh j.k&rjh
Hkjh vkdka{kkvksa ls]
?ku] Hksjh&xtZu ls ltx lqIr vadjq
mj esa i`Foh ds] vk'kkvksa ls
uothou dh] pk dj flj]
rkd jgs gS]a ,s foIyo ds ckny!
fQj&fQj
ckj&ckj xtZu
o"kZ.k gS ewly/kkj]
n; Fkke ysrk lalkj]
lqu&lqu ?kksj otz&gqd
a kjA
d ^j.krjh* fdls dgk x;k gS\ og fdu vkdka{kkvksa ls Hkjh gS\
[k ckny dks ^foIyo ds ckny* D;ksa dgk x;k gS\
x kafr dh dkeuk dkSu dj jgs gS\a D;ks\a
?k ckny ds fdu f;k&dykiksa dks kafr ds f;k&dyki ekuk tk ldrk gS\
vFkok
vkf[kjdkj ogh gqvk ftldk eq>s Mj Fkk
tksj t+cjnLrh ls
128
2x4 = 8
2+2+2 = 6
3+3 = 6
2x4 = 8
nks] rc nsork rqEgsa pkSxuq k&vBxquk djds ykSVk,xAs Hkb;k] ;g rks gj vkneh dk vkpj.k
gS] ftlls lcdk vkpj.k curk gSA ^;Fkk jktk rFkk iztk* flQZ ;gh lp ugha gSA lp
;g Hkh gS fd ;Fkk iztk rFkk jktkA ;gh rks xk/khth egkjkt dgrs gSAa **
d ikB vkSj ys[kd dk lanHkZ nsdj crkb, fd ;g dFku fdldk gS vkSj fdl izlxa
esa dgk x;k gS\
[k cqokbZ dk lkekU;r% D;k vFkZ gS\ cknykas dh Q+ly ikus ds fy, D;k djuk iM+rk gS\
x nku dk ego fdl izdkj le>k;k x;k gS\ Li"V djsAa
?k ^O;fDr ds vkpj.k ls gh lekt dk vkpj.k curk gSA* bl dFku ds i{k ;k
foi{k esa nks rdZ nhft,A
11- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha pkj ds mkj nhft,%
3x 4 = 12
d ^^uked* dgkuh esa Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku dh turk ds vkjksfir HksnHkkoksa ds chp
eqgCcr dk uedhu Lokn Hkh ?kqyk gSA** bl dFku dh leh{kk dhft,A
[k ys[kd us f'kjh"k dks ^vn~Hkqr vo/kwr* D;ksa dgk gS\ ^f'kjh"k ds Qwy* ikB ds
vk/kkj ij dkj.kksa dk mYys[k dhft,A
x tkfr izFkk dks Je foHkktu dk gh ,d vax u ekuus ds ihNs vkacMs dj ds D;k
rdZ gS\a
?k pkyhZ pSfIyu dkSu Fkk\ pkyhZ ds ^Hkkjrh;dj.k* ls ys[kd dk D;k vk'k; gS\
vius csVksa ds nsgkar ds ckn Hkh yqu igyoku igys dh Hkkfr <ksy D;kas ctkrk
jgk\
12- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks iz'uksa ds mkj nhft,%
d ;'kks/kj ckcw dh iRuh le; ds lkFk [kqn dks <ky ysrh gS ij os ,slk ugha dj
ikrsA vkids fopkj ls blds D;k dkj.k dks ldrs gS\a ^flYoj osfMax* ds vk/kkj
ij fyf[k,A
[k ^tw>* ds ys[kd dh NwVh gqbZ i<+kbZ fQj ls 'kq: djus esa nkkth jko nslkbZ ds
;ksxnku ij izdk'k Mkfy,A
x ^Mk;jh ds iUus* ds vk/kkj ij efgykvksa ds ckjs esa ,su Sd
a ds fopkjksa ij izdk'k
Mkfy,A
131
3+3 = 6
13- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks iz'uksa ds mkj la{ksi esa nhft,%
2+2 = 4
vFkok
^flYoj osfMax* dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij ihf<+;ksa ds varjky ds dkj.kksa ij izdk'k Mkyrs gq,
Li"V dhft, fd mls dSls de fd;k tk ldrk gS\
iz'ui=k la[;k 2@1
[kaM
1-
^d*
1x5 = 5
[k if'pe ds ms';ksa ls fHkUu Hkkjr ds ckjs esa mudk D;k ekuuk Fkk\
133
?k foosdkuan nfjnzksa dh vis{kk /kfu;ksa dks vf/kd izdk'k dh t+:jr D;kas ekurs Fks\
^euq"; dks ekuo*] ^vkneh dks bUlku* cukus ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\
vfHkO;] Hkkjrh;rkA
1
k fo'ks"k.k cukb,%
if'pe] fparuA
[k.M [k
3-
nks fnu dh o"kkZ ds ckn lM+dksa vkSj ukyksa dh nqnZ'kk vkSj turk dh ijs'kkfu;ksa dh
vksj /;ku vkdf"kZr djrs gq,] ft+yk vf/kdkjh dks i=k fyf[k,A
vFkok
cl esa xqMa ksa ds }kjk ?ksj fy, tkus ij ,d efgyk ;k=kh dh lgk;rk djus okys
cl&laokgd ds lkgl vkSj drZO;&Hkkouk dh iz'kalk djrs gq, ifjogu&fuxe ds eq[;
izc/a kd dks i=k fyf[k,A
134
5-
1x5 = 5
6-
^eksckby fcuk yxs lc lwuk* vFkok ^ubZ fQ+Ye ds n'kZd unkjn* fo"k; ij ,d fjiksVZ
dk vkys[k fyf[k,A
[k.M x
7-
2x4 = 8
x dfo vius lacks/; fiz; ik=k dks D;kas Hkwy tkuk pkgrk gS\
?k dkO;ka'k eas nks LFkkuksa ij nks okD;ka'kksa dh vko`fk ls vFkZ esa D;k fo'ks"k izHkko iM+k
gS\ Li"V dhft,A
vFkok
t+kjs t+cnZLrh ls
ckr dh pwM+h ej xbZ
vkSj og Hkk"kk esa csdkj ?kweus yxh!
gkjdj eSua s mls dhy dh rjg
mlh txg Bksd
a fn;kA
ij ls BhdBkd
ij vanj ls
u rks mlesa dlko Fkk
u rkd+r!
ckr us] tks ,d 'kjkjrh cPps dh rjg
eq>ls [ksy jgh Fkh]
eq>s ilhuk iksNa rs ns[k dj iwNk&&
^^D;k rqeus Hkk"kk dks
lgwfy;r ls cjruk dHkh ugha lh[kk\**
d ckr dh pwM+h dc ejrh gS\ mldk D;k ifj.kke gksrk gS\
[k Hkk"kk&iz;ksx ds lanHkZ esa ^dhy dh rjg Bksd
a nsu*s dk D;k Hkko gS\
x vk'k; Li"V dhft, & ^^D;k rqeus Hkk"kk dks
lgwfy;r ls cjruk dHkh ugha lh[kk\**
?k ckr dh rqyuk 'kjkjrh cPps ls D;ksa dh xbZ gS\
136
8-
2x 3 = 6
3+3 = 6
d ^m"kk* dfork ds ml tknw dks Li"V dhft, tks lw;ksnZ ; ds lkFk VwVrk gSA
[k ^cPpu* ds xhr ds vk/kkj ij mu fLFkfr;ksa dks Li"V dhft, ftuds dkj.k ifFkd
tYnh pyrk gSA
x pkSdksus NksVs [ksr dks dfo us dkx+t+ dk iUuk D;kas dgk gS\ ml [ksr esa ^jksikbZ
{k.k dh] dVkbZ vuarrk dh* dSls gS\
10- uhps fn, gq, x|ka'k ds vk/kkj ij iwNs x, iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, %
Qwyksa dh dkseyrk ns[kdj ijorhZ dfo;ksa us le>k fd mldk lc&dqN dksey gS!
;g Hkwy gSA blds Qy brus et+crw gksrs gSa fd u, Qwyksa ds fudy vkus ij Hkh LFkku
ugha NksM+rAs tc rd u, Qy&iks feydj] /kfd;kdj mUgsa ckgj ugha dj nsrs rc rd
137
2x4 = 8
os MVs jgrs gSAa olar ds vkxeu ds le; tc lkjh ouLFkyh iq"i&i=k ls eeZfjr gksrh
jgrh gS] f'kjh"k ds iqjkus Qy cqjh rjg [kM+[kM+krs jgrs gSAa eq>s budks ns[kdj mu usrkvksa
dh ckr ;kn vkrh gS] tks fdlh izdkj t+ekus dk #[k ugha igpkurs vkSj tc rd ubZ
ikS/k ds yksx bUgas /kDdk ekjdj fudky ugha nsrs ]s rc rd tes jgrs gSAa
d x|ka'k esa fdl ouLifr dh ppkZ gqbZ gS\ mlds ckjs esa dfo;ksa dh fdl /kkj.kk dks
ys[kd x+yr Bgjk jgk gS\
[k f'kjh"k ds Qykas dh D;k fo'ks"krk gS\
x ys[kd dks dqN usrkvksa dh ;kn D;ksa vk tkrh gS\
?k olar _rq esa ouLFkyh ds lkSna ;Z vkSj ml ij f'kjh"k ds vViVsiu ij izdk'k
Mkfy,A
vFkok
mUgksua s iqfM+;k dks /khjs ls viuh rjQ+ ljdkuk 'kq: fd;kA tc lfQ+;k dh ckr
[k+Re gks xbZ rc mUgksua s iqfM+;k dks nksuksa gkFkksa esa mBk;k] vPNh rjg yisVk vkSj [k+nq
lfQ+;k ds cSx esa j[k fn;kA cSx lfQ+;k dks nsrs gq, cksy]s ^^eqgCcr rks dLVe ls bl
rjg xqt+j tkrh gS fd dkuwu gSjku jg tkrk gSA** og pyus yxh rks os Hkh [kM+s gks x,
vkSj dgus yxs] ^^tkek efLtn dh lhf<+;ksa dks esjk lyke dfg,xk vkSj mu [k+krwu dks
;g ued nsrs o esjh rjQ+ ls dfg,xk fd ykgkSj vHkh rd mudk oru gS vkSj nsgyh
esjk] rks ckdh lc j+rk&j+rk Bhd gks tk,xkA**
d dgkuh esa ued dh iqfM+;k bruh egRoiw.kZ D;ksa gks xbZ gS\
[k lfQ+;k us dLVe vQ+lj dks bl iqfM+;k ds ckjs esa D;k crk;k gksxk\
x vk'k; Li"V dhft,& ^^eqgCcr rks dLVe ls bl rjg xqt+j tkrh gS fd dkuwu
gSjku jg tkrk gSA**
?k dLVe&vf/kdkjh ds dFku & ^ lc j+rk&j+rk Bhd gks tk,xk* ls vki dgk rd
lger gS\a D;ks\a
11- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUghaa pkj iz'uksa ds mkj fyf[k, %
d ^dkys es?kk ikuh ns* ds vk/kkj ij fyf[k, fd thth us banj lsuk ij ikuh Qsd
a s
tkus dks dSls lgh Bgjk;kA
138
3x4 = 12
[k ckt+kj dk t+knw D;k gS\ mlds p<+us vkSj mrjus ij euq"; ij D;k&D;k vlj
iM+rk gS\a
x igyoku yqu flag dks jktk lkgc dh d`ik&n`f"V dc izkIr gqb\Z mlls igyoku
dh fnup;kZ esa D;k varj vk;k\
?k thou dh tkstgn us pkyhZ pSfIyu ds O;fRo dks dSls laiUu cuk;k\ ikB ds
vk/kkj ij mkj nhft,A
tkfr&izFkk dks Je&foHkktu dk gh ,d :i u ekuus ds ihNs Hkhejko vkacMs dj
ds D;k rdZ Fks\
12- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, %
3+3 = 6
2+2 = 4
d ,su Sd
a dh Mk;jh fdh dks lacksf/kr dj D;ksa fy[kh xbZ gksxh\
[k ;'kks/kj ckcw dks cPpksa dh rjD+d+h vPNh Hkh yxrh gS vkSj ^legkm baikz iW j* HkhA
,slk D;ka\s
x eqvu&tks&nM+ks dh lH;rk dks ^yks izkQ
s +kby* lH;rk D;ksa dgk x;k gS\ ^vrhr esa
ncs iko* ikB ds vk/kkj ij mkj nhft,A
14- ^^VwVs&QwVs [kaMgj] lH;rk vkSj laLd`fr ds bfrgkl ds lkFk&lkFk /kM+drh ft+anxh ds
vuNq, le;ksa dk Hkh nLrkost+ gksrs gSaA** bl dFku dh leh{kk ^vrhr esa ncs iko*
ikB ds vk/kkj ij dhft,A
vFkok
^flYoj oSfMax* dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij ;'kks/kj ckcw ds O;fRo dh ize[q k fo'ks"krkvksa ij
izdk'k Mkfy,A
139
2-
ewY;kadu djus okys ijh{kdksa ds lkFk tc rd izFke fnu oS;fDrd vFkok lkewfgd :i
ls vad&;kstuk ij Hkyh&Hkkfr vk|ksikar fopkj&fofu;e ugha gks tkrk] rc rd
ewY;kadu vkjaHk u djk;k tk,A
3-
iz'uksa ds miHkkxksa ds mkjksa ij nkbZa vksj vad fn, tk,aA ckn esa miHkkxksa ds bu vadksa
dk ;ksx ckbZa vksj ds gkf'k, esa fy[kdj mls xksykd`r dj fn;k tk,A
5-
;fn iz'u dk dksbZ miHkkx ugha gS rks ml ij ckb vksj gh vad nsdj mUgsa xksykd`r
dj fn;k tk,A
;fn ijh{kkFkhZ us fdlh iz'u dk vfrfjDr mkj Hkh fy[k fn;k gS rks ml mRrj ij
vad fn, tk,a ftls igys fy[kk x;k gksA
7-
laf{kIr] fdUrq mi;qDr foospu ds lkFk izLrqr fd;k x;k fcanqor mkj foLr`r foospu
dh vis{kk vPNk ekuk tk,xkA ,sls mkjksa dks mfpr egRo nsus dh vis{kk gSA
8-
9-
vifjBr x|ka'k vkSj dkO;ka'k ds iz'uksa esa ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dh le>] cks/k&{kerk vkSj
xzg.kkhyrk dk ijh{k.k fd;k tkrk gS] vr,o buds mkjksa esa vfHkO;fDrxr ;ksX;rk dks
vf/kd ego u fn;k tk, ftlls ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks vdkj.k gkfu gksA
10-
ewY;kadu esa lai.w kZ vad iSekus & 0 ls 100 dk iz;ksx vHkh"V gS] vFkkZr~ ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa us
;fn lHkh visf{kr mkj&fcanqvksa dk mYys[k fd;k gS rks mls kr&izfr'kr vad fn,
tk,aA
140
iz'u&i=k&la[;k 2@1@1
[k.M&d
1-
i{kh isM+kas dks NksM+dj pys x,] phaVh&phaVs fcyksa dks NksM+dj pys x, gSAa
yksx ?kjksa dks NksM+dj pys x, gSAa
[k
nsgjh vkSj pkS[kV irk ugha dgk fd/kj pys x, gSaS ?kjksa dks NksM+djA
?k
firk dk fo'okl n`<+ gqvk fd vc Hkh lc dqN u"V ugha gqvkA thou
dh vk'kk vc Hkh gS D;ksfa d nwc thfor gSA blfy, mudk psgjk ned
mBkA
M-
2-
5 vad
izes pan i<+s & fy[ks vkSj laHkzkr yksxksa ds LoHkko ds naHk ds [kks[kysiu dks
viuh dgkfu;ksa esa rkj&rkj dj nsrs gSa vkSj xzkeh.k ik=kksa ds ekuoh; xq.kksa
ds izek.k nsrs gSAa
[k
?k
M-
p
N
t
15
2
1
1+1 = 2
1+1 = 2
1+1 = 2
>
deZokP; & ,d nsgkfru fo/kok }kjk mls ekxZ fn[kk;k tkrk gSA
x = 1
[kaM ^[k*
3-
4-
5-
fuca/k&
5 vad
3
x = 1
i=k &
5 vad
iz'ukuqdy
w ys[ku
x = 1
(i)
fizVa vFkkZr~ eqfnzr ek/;e & tSls v[kckj] i=k&if=kdk,] iqLrdsa vkfnA
(ii)
[kcj dks iq"V djus vkSj mls izkekf.kdrk iznku djus ds fy, izR;{k nf'kZ;ksa
dk dFku ,adj ckbV t:jh gSA
lwpuk] euksjt
a u] Kku] O;fDrxr rFkk lkoZtfud laoknksa ds vknku&iznku
ds fy, iz;Dq r Vwy midj.k
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
[k
6-
x = 1
x = 1
izLrqfr 'kSyh
izHkkoh Hkk"kk
izLrqfr 'kSyh
izHkkoh 'kSyh
1
142
5 vad
5 vad
[kaM ^x*
7-
cknyksa dks ;qn/~ k esa dke vkus okyh ukSdk dgk x;k gSA
[k
?k
1+1 = 2
2x4 = 8 vad
vFkok
d
Hkk"kk ds csrd
q s iz;ksx ls ckr dk izHkko lekIr gks tkrk gS\
'kCnksa dks fcuk lksp&s le>s iz;ksx djus ls os izHkkoghu u gks tk,A
og Hkk"kk ij ls rks Bhd&Bkd fn[krh gSa ij cs&vlj gksrh gSA mlesa dlko
ugha gksrk] u gh 'kfDrA
8-
1+1 = 2
lgt ljy cksyh ds iz;ksx & ikrh c/ks] dtjkjs] gkSy&s gkSy]s lka>kA
dksbZ vU;A
2+2+2=
6 vad
1+1 = 2
143
[k
x
'kke ds le; dkys ckny Nk, gS]a 'osr cxqyksa dh iafDr;ka vkdk'k esa mM+
jgh gS]a dkys cknyksa ds uhps ;g lQsn iafDr vka[kksa dks Hkyh yx jgh gSA
1+1 = 2
vFkok
d
[k
y{e.k ewNkZ ds dkj.k okrkoj.k d#.k jl ls iw.kZ gSA ,sls esa guqeku dk
vkuk ohj jl ds leku gSa D;ksfa d y{e.k dh ewNkZ VwV tkus ij iqu%
;qn/~ k izkjaHk gks tk,xkA
2
izHkq izyki]
lqfu dku
ckuj fudj
9-
144
10- d
[k
x
?k
dfo vius thou dh ftl fLFkfr ls c pqdk gS]a ogh mlds fy, izjs d
Hkh gS]a je.kh; Hkh vkSj mls Lohdk;Z HkhA ij ;g leiZ.k vkSj lq[k&laifk
dk le`) thou vc mls mckus yxk gSA vr% og mlls NqVdkjk ikuk
pkgrk gSA
eu [kkyh gksus ij ckt+kj tkus ij O;FkZ vkSj vuko';d oLrq,a Hkh t+:jh
vkSj vkjkenk;d yxsxa h blfy, og mUgsa [kjhnuk pkgsxk vkSj varr% os
vuqi;ksxh vkSj d"Vdkjd gksxas hA
1+1 = 2
2x4 =
8 vad
2
ikuh ihdj ckgj fudyus ls yw ugha yxrh] csvlj gks tkrh gSA blh izdkj
eu dks r`Ir dj ckgj fudyus ij ckt+kj dk tknw vlj ugha djsxkA
eu y{; ls Hkjk gks] eu esa [kkyhiu u gks rks ckt+kj ns[kus esa vkuan
vk,xk D;ksfa d dksbZ oLrq yqHkk,xh ugha vkSj ge rukoeqDr jgsxa As
vko';drk ds le; dke vkukA D;ksfa d vko';drk u gks fQj Hkh oLrq,a
[kjhnuk tknw ls ca/kus tSlk gSA
vFkok
d
[k
x
?k
1=2
1+1 = 2
145
34 = 12
[k
x
Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku esa foHkktu ds dkj.k dM+okgV gS] ij nksuksa ns'k
lkekftd] HkkSxksfyd] lkaLd`frd n`f"V ls ,d gh fojklr ds lk>snkj gSAa
ijLij izes vkSj pkgr dk ;g Lokn gh ^uedhu* gS tks dM+okgV dks Hkqykrk
gSA
tSls la;klh vo/kwr lq[k&nq[k] d"V lqfo/kk dh fpark ugha djrk mlh
izdkj f'kjh"k Hkh /kwi] o"kkZ] vk/kh ls vizHkkfor [kM+k jgrk gSA
lH; lekt esa Jfedksa dk fofHkUu oxksaZ esa foHkktu LokHkkfod ugha gSA
futh {kerk dk fopkj fd, fcuk nwljksa }kjk is'kk fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk gSA
thou Hkj ,d is'ks es cka/k nsrh gS] Hkys gh og is'kk vuqi;qDr ;k vi;kZIr
gksA
?k
pkyhZ ,d gkL; vfHkusrk gSA mldh dyk dks O;kid LohdkjksfDr feyhA
M-
viuh cgknqjh vkSj fnysjh dk ifjp; og xko okyksa dks nsuk pkgrk FkkA
3+3=6
[k
ewy laLdkjksa ls vk/kqfud u gksrs gq, Hkh cPpksa ds izHkko ls le; ds lkFk
<y ikus esa lQy gksrh gSa ij ;'kks/kj ckcw fd'ku nk ls izHkkfor gksus ds
dkj.k fl)krksa ls gh tqM+s jgsA
ekr` lqyHk izes ds dkj.k os viuh larkuksa dk i{k ysrh gSa tcfd ;'kks/kj
ckcw iqjkuh ih<+h dh lksp ds fglkc ls lksprs gSa blh dkj.k le; ds fglkc
ls <y ikus esa vlQy gksrs gSAa
nkk th jko us firk dks cqykdj MkaVk fd mudk dke NksM+us ds ckn og
vius [ksrksa dh ns[kHkky Bhd ls ugha djrk] choh cPpksa dk /;ku ugha
j[krk] viuh eLrh ds fy, csVs dk thou cfy p<+k jgk gSA firk ds rdksaZ
dks nkk th us dkV fn;kA ys[kd ls dgk fd dy ls ikB'kkyk tk;k djsA
146
vad
firk vxj tkus ugha ns rks esjs ikl vk tkukA muds ncko esa gh ys[kd
dks i<+us dh lqfo/kk izkIr gqbAZ
x
2+2 = 4
14-
tw> dk vFkZ la?k"kZA izfrdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls la?k"kZ djrs gq, thou esa
lQyrk ikbZ tk ldrh gSA
os lk/kkj.k ifjokj dh i`"BHkwfe ls FksA ?kksj ijaijkoknh fd'kunk muds
vkn'kZ FksA os Hkh ijaijkvksa dk gh fuokZg djrs jgsA thou Hkj cny ugha
ldsA
,su dh Mk;jh ;gwfn;ksa dks vksj ls cksyus okyh vkokt+ gSA ml ,sfrgkfld
nkSj dk thoar nLrkost gSA ,d lk/kkj.k yM+dh dh vlk/kkj.k lkspA tks
Lo;a dh vfHkO;fDr ls lkewfgd vfHkO;fDr cu xbZ dksbZ nks fca nq
visf{krA
eqvu tks&nM+ks 'kgj dk O;ofLFkr <kpk vkSj edkuksa dh cukoV ls ;g Li"V gksrk
gS fd lk/ku laiUu gksrs gq, Hkh HkO;rk ugha FkhA lM+dksa dh cukoV lh/kh&lknh
FkhA lM+das pkSM+h ugha FkhaA edkuksa dh cukoV cgqr HkO; ugha FkhA lkewfgd
Lukukxkj iwtkLFky] lkeqnkf;d Hkou FksA dikl] rkacs dk mi;ksx] [ksrh dk izek.k
izdV djrk gSA HkO; jkt izlkn o eafnj ugha Fks] u gh jktkvksa ls tqM+s fpg~u feyrs
gSAa lk/kuksa vkSj O;oLFkkvksa dks ns[krs gq, mls le`) Hkh ekuk x;k gS] blesa
lH;rk dk vkMEcj ugha feyrkA
vad
vFkok
;'kks/kj ckcw Lo;a ih<+h ds varjky dks Lohdkjrs gSA os ekurs gSa fd mudh larkusa
muls vf/kd nqfu;knkjh tkurh gSA os :f<+oknh gS]a iqjkuh ijaijk,a] jhfr&fjokt
mUgsa vPNs yxrs gSAa os le; ds lkFk <y ugha ik,] vc Hkh lkbfdy ls nrj
tkrs gSAa
HkkSfrd lq[k ds fojks/khA ,uholZjh ?kj ij eukuk ;k ikVhZ nsuk mUgsa vPNk ugha
yxrkA mudh os'kHkw"kk vR;ar lk/kkj.k FkhA
147
iz'u&i=k&la[;k 2@1
[k.M&d
1-
2-
6 vad
d iwot
Z egkiq#"kksa ds infpUgksa dks] muds dk;ksZa dks <wa<uk pkfg,A vrhr xkSjo
dks Hkqykuk ugha pkfg,A
[k Hkkjr ns'k dh fofo/krk esa ,drk fn[kkus vkSj lkainz kf;d lkSgknzZ ds fy,A
15 vad
1+1 = 2
1+1 = 2
1+1 = 2
?k vijk/k nfjnz ugha djrs] /kuh djrs gSAa xjhch vijk/k ugha gSA
1+1 = 2
1+1 = 2
N jk"Vh; tkxj.k esa foosdkuan dh Hkwfedk vU; mi;qDr 'kh"kZd Hkh Lohdkjsa A
t vfHk] bZ;@rk
+ = 1
x = 1
k if'peh] fparuh;@fpard
x = 1
148
[kaM ^[k*
3-
4-
5-
5 vad
x = 1
3
x = 1
5 vad
iz'ukuqdy
w ys[ku
x = 1
(i)
(ii)
lekpkj & dksbZ ?kVuke ftlesa ikBdks@a Jksrkvksa dh #fp gks] rkRdkfydrk
gksA
fdlh [kkl fo"k; ij ys[ku tSls & j{kk] foKku] d`f"k] f'k{kk] [ksy vkSj
O;kikj vkfnA
(iv)
(v)
vkt rd] th U;wt] LVkj & U;wt] nwjn'kZu vkfn fdUgha nks dk mYys[k
(iii)
x = 1
6-
vad ;kstuk
izLrqfr 'kSyh
izHkkoh Hkk"kk
izHkkoh Hkk"kk
5 vad
fo"k; oLrq
izLrqfr 'kSyh
izHkkoh Hkk"kk
149
5 vad
[kaM ^x*
7-
[k
thou esa lc dqN vkuan vkSj lq[k Hkh Hkwy tkus dh fLFkfrA
?k
nqgjko& ^Hkwyaw eS]a Hkwyaw eSa & Hkwy tkus dh rhoz bPNkA
2x4 = 8 vad
^lgk ugha tkrk gS] ugha lgk tkrk gS* & vlguh;rk ij cyA
vFkok
8-
tc lanHkZ ds vuqdy
w Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx u fd;k tk, vkSj gB u NksM+h tk,A
[k
izlxa kuqlkj] lqfo/kkuqlkj mi;qDr 'kCnkoyh dk iz;ksx djrs gq, Hkk"kk dk lgt
iz;ksx djuk ugha lh[kkA
?k
'kjkjrh cPpksa ds lkFk [ksyus dk viuk ,d vyx vkuan gksrk gSA Bhd mlh izdkj
lgt 'kCnksa ds lkFk jpuk djuk Hkh vkuannk;d gksrk gSA
1+1
[k
1+1
y{e.k ewNkZ ls okuj lewg fujk'k vkSj 'kksdxzLr Fkk d#.k jl fdarq guqeku
}kjk lathouh ykus ls mRlkg dk lapkj gqvk fot; dh laHkkouk c<+ xbZ & ohj
jlA
2
vFkok
d ^#ckbZ* Nan gSA 1]2]4 iafDr;ksa esa rqd] rhljh iafDr vrqdkarA
[k i
ii
x i
ii
2x3 = 6 vad
9-
[k
10- d i
ii
8 vad
mxrs lw;fZ cac dks uhy ty esa Luku djrh ;qorh le>ukA ;s lHkh
n`f"VHkzke tknw gS]a tks lw;ksnZ ; ds ckn VwVrs gSAa
2x4 =
6 vad
va/ksjs ds dkj.k vkdk'k dks dkyhfly vkSj ykyh dks dslj ekuukA
3+3 =
[k Qy etcwr gksrs gSa vkSj u, Qyksa ds vkus rd o`{k esa gh yVds jgrs gSAa
x vkt usrk Hkh fcuk /kfd;k, viuk in ugha NksM+rs] ys[kd us blh lanHkZ esa
usrkvksa dk ft fd;k gSA
?k olar ds vkxeu ij lkjh ouLifr iq"i&i=k ls eeZfjr gksrh jgrh gS] ijarq
f'kjh"k ds iqjkus lw[ks Qy cqjh rjg [kM+[kM+krs jgrs gSA
vFkok
d dgkuh esa ued dh iqfM+;k ds lkFk eqgCcr tqM+h gSA fdarq ued dks ikfdLrku ls
Hkkjr ykuk dkuwuh vijk/k FkkA
[k mUgksua s dLVe vf/kdkjh dks lkQ crk;k gksxk fd ikfdLrku ls Hkkjr xbZ ,d o`)
efgyk dh pkgr dks iwjk djus ds fy, os ued Hkkjr ys tkuk pkgrh gSAa
x I;kj dkuwu ls ij gksrk gSA blfy, dLVe ds fu;e mlds vkM+s ugha vk,axAs
?k eqDr mkj laHkoA lger gksu@s u gksus s ds leFkZu esa dksbZ nks rdZA
151
3x4=12
vad
d thth us banj lsuk ij ikuh Qsads tkus dks lgh Bgjk;k fd dqN nsdj gh dqN
ik;k tk ldrk gSA ikuh nsdj gh ge banz ls ikuh dh vis{kk j[krs gSAa
[k xzkgd dks yqHkk&yqHkk dj ,slh oLrq [kjhnok nsuk tks mlds fdlh dke dh ughaA
tknw p<+us ij euq"; ckSjk tkrk gS vkSj mrjus ij fujk'kk feyrh gSA
x naxy esa fot;h gksus ds ckn ';ke uxj jktk ds njckj esa yqu flag dks txg
fey xbZA {ks=k dk gj igyoku yqu ls gkj pqdk FkkA vc jktnjckj esa yqu
n'kZuh; tho cu x;k FkkA
3
3+3=6
vad
3+3=6
vad
vfrfFk;ksa dh HkhM+&HkkM+A
bl Mk;jh esa Hk;] vkrad] Hkw[k] I;kl] ?k`.kk] c<+rh mez dh rdyhQs]a gokbZ
geys ds Mj] ;q) dh ihM+k&tks ;gwfn;ksa ij <k, x, FksA
,su Sd
a fL=k;ksa dh Lora=krk dh i{k/kj FkhA
152
[k
x fla/kq lH;rk esa jktra=k dh rkdr dk izn'kZu ugha gSA blesa vkMacj] ugha]
'kkafrfiz;rk gSA vr% vkt ds eqgkojs esa bls ^yks izkQ
s kby* lH;rk dgk tkrk gSA
14- vad foHkktu
5 vad
ii
eu esa ;g Hkko jgrk gS fd dy rd tks yksx ;gka jgrs Fks ge mlh lH;rk ds
ijaijk esa gSA
iii dHkh ;g gekjs gh ?kj Fks] fdarq foMacuk gS fd vkt ge n'kZd ek=k jg x, gSAaS
153
iv bu [kaMgjksa esa [kM+s gksdj ge dYiuk djrs gSa fd gtkjksa lky igys ;gk thou
dh pgy&igy FkhA
v
,slk yxrk gS] ekuks ;gka ds fuoklh vHkh dqN le; igys gh ?kj NksM+dj x,
gSa vkSj ;s [kaMgj ml izkphu lH;rk ds Bksl izek.k gSA
vFkok
ftEesnkj firkA
ii
iii lkekU;r% thou ewY;ksa esa ifjorZu dks Lohdkj djus esa ladkspA
iv deZfu"BA
ii
/kkfeZdA
ii
le; ds ikcanA
154