1. A thermometer having a time constant of 1 min is initially at 50oC. It is immersed in a bath maintained at 100oC at t = 0.

Determine the temperature reading at t =1.2 min. Solution Thermometer with =1 min Let x =bath temperature, y = indicated temperature ys = 50oC Y = y(t) ys = y(t) 50 X = x(t) xs = x(t) 50

Thermocouple T(t=0) = 50oC

Y (s) 1 1 = = X ( s) s 1 s 1
X(t) = 50u(t) X(s) = 50/s Y(s) =
50 1 Y(t) = 50(1 e-t) s s 1

100oC Bath

Y(1.2) = 50(1 e-1.2) = 34.9oC y(1.2) = Y(1.2) + 50 = 34.9 + 50 = 84.9oC

The thermometer reading is 84.9oC at t = 1.2 min