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A
(Cognitive Spoken English)
A N
F K
Q
A
EA
. . . , H., ., .v, H.
NLR
C Spok
en Eng
lish
NLRC
Spoken
English
Regd Office: Selliamman Nagar, M. Perumapalayam (PO), Salem (DT),
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A I AF
JP A.
AF F
A
N MA. P
c K, c A
KO AF
.
AF A ,
A ,
cA, N N
. AF F H
N F
F, H GF, F
i H
A
HA.
. . .
AF - F 1
Q P HF
27
( Pronouns of Humans )
37
( Cognitive Words )
123
( Verbs )
295
AF - F 2
367
L A FF
O I
375
FK M
( Model Questions for Interview)
383
O MK
Meaning
Phrase Meaning
pat
A ( Pattern )
syn
( Synonym )
sb
( Somebody )
sth
( Something )
do
M ( Verb )
doing
Vpp
H ( )
F A
.
pat: be able
- 1
AF
F - 1
Chapter - 1
O AF P
Cognitive Spoken English IN A .
A. K N I . K
IN 10 M
A. .
K H, 10 GIF Q
L . Q I .
, .
K 10 A M
AF A. K
A . K Q
W A.
AF , J A A
F .
K L IN N . H, I
A AF N .
I A AF N , I AF
A F
A A . F I A
FM , F ; K
H; F M.
AF ( A A ),
conjunction-
; tense-
; preposition C. , F A A
HJP F M.
, IN F. A
H?
O AF A ,
AF .
G HK. F c
K .
9
AF KM. ( c O
A JCJ .)
AF KA. , AF
A. ( c O
A JCJ .)
AF KA. AF
F. ( A
JC J. , M JCJ
.)
II
O A JCJ
?
O A JCJ c I NJ
K . ( I K,
PO C c K. )
O ( I N A N )
K ( , N, M, , PM, M
C J CK )
Q J EK.
A O A JCJ .
A P: FK JC . JCJ
A. , QO J
F ( memory ) FK FA.)
10
IV
c A JC H,
M M ?
c A JC AF
i. , W M M .
A , , ,
M.
H , AF C FL
, P A d (
K, Q )
GJ c G AF ( without
any preparation ).
L Q F A A
. QQ , , A
A A. Q, L F
11
A A. QQ
C A .
CF C (decision making) . H, QQ
J .
Q H , O O M
P K A.
M F I .
I N L
L ( noun ) H. , H
. J J
H H . I N
I .
A N A .
P O W . H
, K A. P
IN IN A. c I
Al UF K
. J CAl. F c
UF c i. c UF
P UFJ . FK, P
AF AF .
, I A O
GJ K K . P A
KF IN A.
H A .
P c K , c A KO
.
A JC PH
. c A O A.
VI
I I AF
H ?
N ?
Q H I AF
A. H N
MK.
N J c MK P
K . c K M, c A
H M i G .
12
H : 1
A c AF A
complex sentence- .
M :
O, c AF K ,
F Al. M c A
F A Al.
C AF A K.
AF F A. A ,
A F A .
C AF K L IN N
. H, I A AF N . I
A AF N , I AF
A F A A
. F I A FM ,
F ; K H; F M.
AF ( A A )
conjunction- ; tense- ; preposition-
C. , F A A
HJP F M.
H : 1 N :
c A F W P F
.
AF simple sentences .
c conjuntion .
C O preposition -
,
AF .
C O a, an, the O
. P
.
13
A F present tense- .
PH A . , I
come here yesterday, F Present tense . F
P yesterday ( ).
F , ,
HK.
H -
H H. H
H. AF NO PH.
F - F F (F)
. AF meanwhile ( F / F) at the same
time ( F / F) .
Simple Sentences J
F F AF ,
( Sentence 1, At the same time/Meanwhile, Sentence 2 ). :
HA, F, E A. AF: I
eat, Meanwhile, The phone rings.
IN G , AF
K . G
F AF : When I went to market, I met my friend
A I C, H
A . A A ?
A , A . complex sentence
. AF F A.
AF A W P
F .
L A K . (
: F).
14
Present tense-
F AF : I go to market;
I meet my friend
: G
H . AF I go to maket;
I meet my friend First, I go market; Then, I meet my friend .
(P : L Present Tense F AF .
H Tense F AF I O).
c Qb PH A A
, simple sentences A. FL
KA , simple sentences JP A
. AF .
O PO A simple sentences
JP .
JCJ A F A A.
O P K.
H : 2
AF c Al.
M :
AF I . A
A A K . c A
A F H .
AF , A C
C K.
C AF , A F P .
K
.
C AF Q, K F
. PA, J M
I .
AF J M
GI F
.
H : 2 N :
AF . , J
3 - 5 M . c A
H i.
15
A c G Al.
c , GJ AF
.
c F ,
M FO, CP H
H . F ... (um um um...) L H
A H. G
, c C F Al G. ( : um um
um...., He comes here tomorrow....)
C O c A .
AF 6 . F 3
A .
C, P i.
H, c i. F
O ( you know / you know what / um um um..../ yes )
. ( : I go to../ um um um..../ salem tomorrow morning ).
C F, c
. . I go to../ um...../ I go to salem tomorrow morning.
c A ( C H ) M
AF ( topic ) HM
, A ( topic ) P M. C F
O you know/ you know what/ um um um.../ yes
. ( : we go to cinema and we eat../ um um um.../ we discuss about Math ).
AF c CQ H
Al. H KM.
c topic P Al. , P MF
Al.
H : 3
AF I A AF N
Al.
M :
AF I A AF N A.
I AO I
A N .
N AF 70 M G
AF 30 M G P .
16
N , c AF
A. AF AF
.
H : 3 N :
N H A ( sentence pattern)
A. O P
.
Absorb
c absorb K . O
M, absorb A A
( IN N ) ?
A A , L absorb A L
.
Absorb
A K H, K .
PH A W K . ,
1 (sth1) 2 (sth2) 3 (sth3) L PA. ( ,
P - sth1, PA - sth2, FL sth3 ).
c A H K.
c G AF .
, c K PA, P (sth1)
- (the tree), PA (sth2) - c (the water) FL (sth3) - (the root).
the .
AF PH AF
A. c , preposition
N c AF .
O P PH
.
P, A
. MK, F c P,
O A absorb A.
17
H : 4
Preposition to - , , for
- , in -
Al.
M :
AF to - , , for
- A. 10 M
G K .
, c A A preposition
F A
M.
H : 4 N :
Preposition
A (sentence pattern)
.
F . F for
M. A F
for A. , ( pattern : sth1 - is good for - sth2 ). Good
A for . i
G AF PH A F O
. , the coconut tree - is good for - the house.
H :5
A in, on, for, by O
F.
.
M :
A c K
MAl. c A A
.
H : 5 N :
AF noun verb K , PH
KM A .
O C F F.
H :6
AF I K A
.
M :
A KM I K A
F .
M c AF .
H : 6 N :
c A F KM
A ( buy / purchase / obtain / acquire / get)
F . C F H, JCJ , c
A K i.
H : 7
c AF Q c AF
C ( think ) .
M :
AF c Q c AF C
L F .
H : 7 N :
QA AF IN CF.
. N F CF.
H : 8
IN AF G
M :
AF c IN AF
GAl.
F, O AF MAl.
IN C AF .
AF C IN .
H :8 N :
H, .
A W .
N (business Communication)
, PM, N, P .
F G P , c , .
I KO AF .
JCJ F AF .
K . c K
.
c GJ (nouns) .
, M . c
O JC c A .
H :9
A I
(meaning) .
M :
G A , I A
A.
K P
P. .
c A IK H A.
About
20
H : 9 N :
A 1 F 40
A.
Go
O c K,
GO .
30 A.
H : 10
A F
PAl.
M :
c A F
PAl.
c A I K A.
H : 10 N :
A , MQ O A .
H : 11
A JC A NJ JMA.
M :
A JC A NJ JMA. I
K CA.
H : 11 N :
A JC NJ F I K .
A JC I NJ A.
H :12
A JCJ A F A A.
M :
c A IK A.
H :12 N :
A JCJ A F A
JC A. , JC
O A A.
C K
N A. semantic
memory J PH NJ .
N ( I, A ) KF J semantic memeory
. , I semantic memeory A semantic memory.
W F J memory .
?
K G :
F A A .
HJP .
K G :
A AF Q. c
H Al Q.
M M C , .
K F P .
IX
Q N A ?
F , O QQ
Q N
FA.
NJ F , O
QQ A.
(Example : cat, walk, eat, love, hate, etc.)
A A.
K , .
L IA . L IA
. , AIv L IA
.
A F A. Subject (S), Verb (V), Object (O),
Complement (C). K N A.
23
I, F, F N - S + O + C + V KJ .
A - S + V + O + C KJ .
Irish - V + O + C + S
KJ .
I A S, V, O, C K
. I Verb C . , AF A.
c O, C cA, I AF K . , S+V
subject, verb, object, complement O
.
Verb -
), etc
Subject -
A .
A AF A A.
F object P. Subject P.
Verb
Object A O H.
, , M M Object A.
( + Verb = ?, + Verb = ?, + Verb = ? ). F M M
, M Object A .
Complement -
I A A
F .
M P. Kumar walks ( A)
AF walks M (Verb), Kumar M (subject)
.
Object -
PH M M M /
/ / M Complement
A. A AF Subject - , Verb - ,
Complement - ( + A = )
Subject
, I A AO
IN AF CJ . Verb A
AF .
Verb
24
F N (Meanings) .
GH.
F N . c A K
N . IN P C
A . , P A. C
P MKA. IN P , MK M A,
, AF about ( P ) talk, discuss M
.
P
M A ?
IN A ? FK AF A
. about ( P ) walk ( ) AF
A .
XI
A P
A P:
A O
.
A simple sentence .
K A A CI.
A F b.
A business, education G .
I KO A .
A C FL
F M . , K
FL, F Q .
AF A , K , I
KO .
N N .
25
- 2
Q P HF
Chapter - 2
Pronouns of Humans
27
1. I
Meaning 1: subject . verb . :
, , Q.
a. I walk -
A.
b. I want money -
A.
Q A FA. ( P:
F has / have A. F
A is A)
c. I have car -
2. My
Meaning 1: , ( noun ) .
a. This is my car -
K M 6 .
3. Mine
Meaning 1:
a. The car is mine -
CG .
K. CP .
4. Me
c b b.
Q .
c .
Phrase Meaning 1: Its me / this is me / thats me Phrase Meaning 2: me too d. I am hungry. Me too -
/ / .
G.
CA. G.
5. Myself
Meaning 1: , Q ( l myself ), ,
a. I hurt myself -
F A.
Q F F .
Q ( syn: alone ).
Q A.
30
- 3
Chapter - 3
Cognitive Words
37
1. About
Meaning 1: P
P, P PH . ( syn: on / concerning
/ focus )
a.
b.
C P A MKA.
P A.
10 CA.
c.
d.
A.
Phrase Meaning 1: how / what about sth / sb - c
M
i K Al. M KJ. ,
c i Al. , A,
M M, J?. AF how about your wife /
what about your wife .
Phrase Meaning 1a: c
CAl.
CA. K c, CA?
how about you / what about you .
f.
g.
CA. ?
i A. c?
CAl.
L A. O
A. c, CQ Al.
AF how about movie / what about movie .
Phrase Meaning 2: thats about it / thats about all / thats it - c
Al.
F / M d.
AF thats it .
2. Above
Meaning 1:
, .
. O M F
.
IMCP A.
a.
b.
c.
M 5 A.
c K .
39
PH FK, i
K A.
e.
F PH
K .
Meaning 3: MJ K PA. M M
A.
f.
M A. ,
M M A.
I am above the manager -
, I A.
HFA. F I A A. ( syn: most of all / most importantly
/ particularly / primarily )
g.
H, H, P
vAK H.
h.
P , F P
HA.
3. According to
Meaning 1: .
a.
L ,
F.
Meaning 2: . ( pat: according to sth )
b.
HKA.
c.
MF HP AK
MA.
Phrase Meaning 1: according to plan -
d.
G F A.
G A.
4. Across
Meaning 1: , F F.
A across . , , ,
.
a.
A.
b.
A A.
c.
MK A.
40
. over across
MF over F F
. I jump over the road , A .
F F A. )
Meaning 2: FF ( syn: on the other side / opposite ) , FO ( syn: throughout / all
over / everywhere in )
F F CA.
d.
e.
FO
A.
Phrase Meaning 1: across the board - ,
F PA.
f.
10 M A.
5. After
Meaning 1: H, H, .
H A.
a.
b.
After leaving the school, he works in the restaurant ( pat: after doing sth, sent1 ) -
O M
H, MFJ A.
10 GIF H K A.
c.
d.
c K H
.
e.
A.
H FC A.
Meaning 2: , H
PA.
f.
Lv H
A.
g.
H A.
Phrase Meaning 1: one after another / one after the other / one by one -
h.
H , .
c A.
L c . H A.
, c H a H Al. F a
H A. F Al. c, L
c a H. H HA after you .
41
198. Somewhere
Meaning 1: , ,
a.
My purse should be around here somewhere / My purse should be somewhere around here -
.
b.
L .
199. Soon
Meaning 1: MM, , YA. ( syn: quickly / fastly )
a.
MM H.
b.
MM YA P
d?
Phrase Meaning 1: as soon as ( pat : sent1, as soon as, sent2 ) - .
c.
J E A.
( syn: The bell rings. At the same time, he enters the room )
Phrase Meaning 2: the sooner ... the better... ( syn: as soon as possible ) -
YA A .
d.
YA c
Al .
e.
. YA
Al .
200. Still
Meaning 1: ( P: yet- .
P still A. HM
M yet A. )
a.
A.
b.
M. F AO still yet O .
I havent still finished the work / I havent finished the work yet -
201. Such
Meaning 1: FK, FK FK
a.
FK .
b.
Every rainy season, we get lots of problems. What should we do in such a situation? -
c.
People are aware of problems such as these ( pat: noun such as this or these ) -
F, G HC A. FK GJ
?
FK
. FK ( ) G .
106
Q I
Q .
f.
A F .
Meaning 3: A.
g.
It is such a small house that I cant go inside ( pat: such a noun ...that sent1 ) -
i CP A.
h.
She drives a car at such a speed that she is unable to contol the car -
A.
i.
He sings a song in such a way that no one can hear ( pat: in such a way that sent1 ) -
A.
Phrase Meaning 1: there is no such a thing / man -
FK Q /
.
Phrase Meaning 1: such as -
j.
FA.
202. Sure
Meaning 1: F K GC K. ( syn: certain )
a.
GC K?
b.
I am not sure -
c.
F KM.
F KM.
d.
P F K.
JA FF
.
Phrase Meaning 2:
O M F A
.
f.
F A.
M JA P M.
.
203. That
Meaning 1: that- those . that - , . those - ,
a.
.
107
c.
C H .
KA .
d.
I am with you -
c KA.
e.
KA?
251. Within
Meaning 1: PH F, PH M ( , ,... )
a.
E F .
b.
Ae G A.
252. Without
Phrase Meaning 1: without sth - sth
a.
b.
c.
A.
F A.
F .
253. Yes
Meaning 1: K, M F A.
a.
? . .
254. Yesterday
Meaning 1:
a.
.
255. Yet
Meaning 1: A.
M F AO A.
a.
? M?
b.
c.
I havent told the news yet / I still havent told the news -
F AH M? .
F M.
Q . do
M.
Phrase Meaning 1: yet to do sth - do
d.
Q .
e.
Q
. M.
122
- 4
M
Chapter - 4
Verbs
123
1. Abandon
Forms: abandon ( present ) - abandoned ( past ) - abandoned ( past participle ) -abandoning ( ing form)
Meaning 1: M, M G
HK, FJ M, H
M A.
a.
She abondoned her husband ( syn: leave / walk out / desert / divorce ) -
M G HK.
b.
c.
d.
M.
The game is abandoned due to bad weather ( syn: give up / quit / drop / stop / cancel ) - M
Q MA.
He abandons his hope ( syn: give up / lose heart / despair ) - H
MA.
2. Absorb
Plants absorb nutrients from the soil ( pat: sth1 absorb sth2 from sth3 ) -
PA.
b.
Water is absorbed into sponge ( pat: be absorbed into sth ) - c vCJ PA.
( P: J v c P suck )
Meaning 2: MC K F, L F
,
c.
MC
KA.
d.
A.
Meaning 3: H .
e.
f.
P A.
Boeing 747 is absorbed into air force ( pat: be absorbed into sth ) - J 747 C
A. ( syn: include )
3. Accept
M
A A.
Please accept the job - .
He accepted the water from me ( pat: accept sth from sb ) - QI c
.
He accepts her offer of tea / He accepts her tea -
125
A.
I accept the responsibility for killings ( pat: accept the responsibility for sth ) -
A.
I accept his idea - A.
Meaning 2: g F C , Q , K A K
.
g.
h.
H A.
US accepts Iraq as an democratic country ( syn: acknowledge / recognize ) - K
A AKA.
4. Acknowledge
O .
b.
O A.
Meaning 2: AK, P - J
P .
c.
AKA.
d.
The film festival is acknowledged as the best of all ( pat: be acknowledged as sth ) - CQ M I
C ( M ) AKA. ( syn: recognize / accept )
e.
K M
P MA.
Meaning 3: c Al.
K FF i. acknowledge .
f.
I would be grateful to you if you would acknowledge the receipt of the letter - c A
( receipt of the letter ) Ki ( acknowledge ) P
( I would be grateful to you )
5. Accuse
Forms: accuse - accused - accused - accusing
Meaning 1: e . ( P: charge Lv
e P )
a.
b.
c.
A.
I accuse him - e A.
I accuse him of lying ( pat: accuse of doing ) - e
A.
I accuse him for robbery ( pat: accuse sb for sth / accuse sb for doing sth ) -
126
452. Pretend
Forms: pretend - pretended - pretended - pretending
Meaning 1: .
a.
b.
b.
He pretends to sleep in the bed - J A.
453. Prevent
M A.
b.
She prevents him from staying in the house ( pat: prevent sb from doing sth ) -
i A.
454. Prick
Forms: prick - pricked - pricked - pricking
Meaning 1: C .
a.
b.
I pricked my finger -
M C F.
You prick the balloon - c C .
455. Print
CA.
Print the name in the shirt - J C.
456. Produce
K.
a.
b.
c.
d.
G F
A A.
The company produces the cars - Q KA.
Produce your certificates - P H.
AVM produced Sivaji movie - M CT CQ K.
457. Promise
Dont promise - F
F .
241
681. Worry
Forms: worry - worried - worried - worrying
Meaning 1: ,
a.
b.
c.
P A.
Dont worry - .
The accident worries me - M A.
PhraseMeaning 1: what worries me is sth / the thing that worries me is sth - sth
A.
d.
A.
A .
682. Write
Forms: write - wrote - written - writing
Meaning 1: , , .
a.
b.
c.
A.
You write the letter to him - c .
I write well - A.
K .
683. Yell
Dont yell at me - Q
b.
G K
F.
PhraseMeaning 1: He yell out in pain / happieness... -
L / F A.
684. Yield
Forms: yield - yielded - yielded - yielding
Meaning 1: A , M , A F A
JA.
a.
b.
b A.
The company yielded more profit - Q F . Q F
AFA.
294
- 5
Chapter - 5
Properties Words ( Adjectives )
295
1. Able
PhraseMeaning 1: subj be able to do sth ( syn: can do sth ) - do
a.
c .
2. Absent
Meaning 1: O, M M
M.
a.
O M.
3. Acceptable
Meaning 1:
a.
F .
sb
MC .
b.
J E
MC A.
4. Active
Meaning 1: P L I
.
a.
He is active -
b.
F I
A.
c.
He take an active interest in the game / He take an active part / role in the game -
I A.
PhraseMeaning 1: sth is active - sth A
d.
A.
The virus is active at low temperature - v GJ A.
5. Actual
K M 20 .
.
You pay the additional amount - c F .
297
489. Wide
Meaning 1: ,
a.
b.
c.
A.
The road is 10 meter wide - 10 e A.
The movie attracts wide / wider audience - A.
490. Wild
Meaning 1: C ( P: domestic i C )
a.
C M .
.
491. Wise
Meaning 1: P / FL
a.
b.
He is a wise man -
P Q .
It is wise to eat here ( pat: It is wise to do sth ) - H FL
. , H FL .
492. Worthwhile
Meaning 1: A / / I A
a.
It is worthwhile job -
I A .
b.
.
493. Wrong
Meaning 1:
a.
b.
M .
It is wrong to slap him ( pat: It is wrong to do sth ) - F .
/ c .
H A.
H?
PhraseMeaning 4: sb1 / sth1 got something wrong with sb2 / sth2 - sb1 / sth1
sb2 / sth2
H A.
c.
EJ H A
A.
PhraseMeaning 5: There is nothing wrong -
H .
366
- 6
AF
F 2
Chapter - 6
367
- 7
L A FF
O I
Chapter - 7
375
A P
PH A A L FF .
c Qb, A A
A . c A A .
A C , A Present Tense A.
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Careful there -
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This is your room, Come on. I dont like it, Why not? -
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9.
10.
11.
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And I want to see your class room and just make sure that everything is OK
15.
Dont put anything in my lunch bag like a little note, Dont worry. I wont
16.
Once you get settled in and get all your toys out -
17.
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