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$FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV [LLL ,QWURGXFWLRQ [Y What Is this Book About? ................................................................................... xvi Who Should Read this Book?............................................................................. xvi How to Use this Guide ........................................................................................ xvii Conventions......................................................................................................... xvii
:KDWV 1HZ LQ 5HOHDVH [[L Overview............................................................................................................... xxii User Role Templates........................................................................................... xxii Flexible User Menus............................................................................................ xxii Composite Activity Groups............................................................................... xxiv User Groups........................................................................................................ xxiv Central User Administration ............................................................................. xxiv &KDSWHU 5 6\VWHP 6HFXULW\ DQG WKH $XWKRUL]DWLRQ &RQFHSW Overview............................................................................................................... 12 The Authorization Concept ................................................................................ 14 Authorization Object .............................................................................................. 15 Authorization Object Fields ................................................................................... 16 Authorizations........................................................................................................ 16 Authorization Profiles ............................................................................................ 17
Naming Convention for Authorization Profiles........................................................ 17
User Master Records ............................................................................................ 17 Authorization Checks ............................................................................................ 18 Activating and Deactivating Authorization Checks in Transactions...................... 18 SAP* and DDIC Users ......................................................................................... 18 What Is the Profile Generator? .......................................................................... 19 Components of the Profile Generator ................................................................. 110
Activity Groups...................................................................................................... 110 Composite Activity Groups ................................................................................... 110 Derived Activity Groups ........................................................................................ 110 User Assignment .................................................................................................. 110
Generating the Profiles........................................................................................ 110 What Is an Activity Group? .............................................................................. 112 Activity Group Assignments ................................................................................ 112
R/3 login user IDs ............................................................................................... 112 Jobs ..................................................................................................................... 112 Positions.............................................................................................................. 113 Organizational units ........................................................................................... 113
What Is a User Role Template? .......................................................................... 113
Detailed Table of Contents
R/3 Tools for Security Implementation ........................................................... 114 Case Study: Security Strategy in a Three-System Environment ................. 115 Development System (DEV) ............................................................................... 115 Quality Assurance System (QAS) ....................................................................... 117
Training Client System (TRG)............................................................................... 117
Production System (PRD) ................................................................................... 118 Setting Up the Authorization Administrators ................................................. 119 How the Administrators Work Together .............................................................. 121 Policies and Procedures................................................................................... 121 User Administration ............................................................................................. 121
Policies .................................................................................................................. 121 Procedures ............................................................................................................122 Roles and Responsibilities ....................................................................................122
System Security................................................................................................... 123

Policies .................................................................................................................. 123 Procedures ............................................................................................................123 Roles and Responsibilities ....................................................................................124
Auditing Requirements ..................................................................................... 124 &KDSWHU $XWKRUL]DWLRQV DQG $6$3 Overview ............................................................................................................... 22 ASAP Roadmap ................................................................................................... 22 Authorizations in the Roadmap Structure ............................................................. 24 Knowledge Corner............................................................................................... 25 Questions and Answers Database (Q&Adb) .................................................... 26 What Is the Q&Adb?.............................................................................................. 26 How to Work with the Q&Adb................................................................................ 26 How to Generate the Authorization List from the Q&Adb ..................................... 26 Authorization List ................................................................................................ 26 What Is the Authorization List?.............................................................................. 26 How to Work with the Authorization List................................................................ 27
Generate Authorization List from the Q&Adb.......................................................... 27 Define User Roles ...................................................................................................28 Generate User Roles Overview ..............................................................................29 Build User Roles .....................................................................................................29
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6HWWLQJ 8S WKH 3URILOH *HQHUDWRU Overview ............................................................................................................... 32 Confirming that the Profile Generator Is Active............................................... 32 Checking the Required Instance Profile Parameter.............................................. 32 Loading the USOBX_C and USOBT_C tables .................................................. 34 Initial Copying of SAP Defaults into the Customer Tables (SU25) ....................... 34 Transporting the Defaults ...................................................................................... 36 Getting Support from the SAPNet R/3 Frontend Notes................................ 37 Accessing the Error Notes Database .................................................................... 37 Printing Important SAPNet R/3 Frontend Notes ................................................ 38 Applying Advance Corrections to Your R/3 System.............................................. 38 8VHU $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ Overview ............................................................................................................... 42 System Users ....................................................................................................... 42
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External R/3 Users ................................................................................................ 43 Internal R/3 Users ................................................................................................. 43

Dialog...................................................................................................................... 43 Batch Data Communication.................................................................................... 43 Background............................................................................................................. 43 CPIC ....................................................................................................................... 44
Special R/3 Users.................................................................................................. 44

SAP* ....................................................................................................................... 44 DDIC ....................................................................................................................... 44 EarlyWatch ............................................................................................................. 44
Creating Users ...................................................................................................... 45 User Groups......................................................................................................... 45 Authorizations and Authorization Profiles ....................................................... 46 Mass Operations ................................................................................................. 46 Creating a New User (Client-Specific)............................................................... 47 Changing a Users Password........................................................................... 410 Password Requirements ..................................................................................... 411 User Information System.................................................................................. 412 &KDSWHU 8VHU 5ROH 7HPSODWHV Overview............................................................................................................... 52 What Are User Role Templates? ....................................................................... 52 User Menu ............................................................................................................ 52 How to Work with User Role Templates ........................................................... 53 Starting Activity Group Maintenance (PFCG) ....................................................... 54 Using the SAP-Provided User Role Templates .................................................... 54 Copying and Modifying SAP-Provided User Role Templates............................. 510 Create your own User Role Templates............................................................... 522 Creating Composite Activity Groups ................................................................... 532 Tips for an Administrator ................................................................................. 535 Available User Role Templates........................................................................ 540 Release 4.6A ....................................................................................................... 540 Release 4.6B ....................................................................................................... 544 $GYDQFHG 3URILOH *HQHUDWRU )XQFWLRQDOLW\ Overview............................................................................................................... 62 Selecting Views/Types in Activity Group Maintenance .................................. 62 Exploring Advanced Profile Generator Functionality ..................................... 63 Creating and Changing the Hierarchy................................................................... 64
Inserting Transactions ............................................................................................ 65
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Inserting Internet and Document Links ............................................................... 610 Inserting Reports ................................................................................................. 612 Displaying the Online Documentation for Activity Group Objects ...................... 615 Copying and Deriving Activity Groups ........................................................... 616 Basics on Duplicating Activity Groups ................................................................ 616 Copying Activity Groups ...................................................................................... 617 Deriving Activity Groups ...................................................................................... 617 Selecting Workflow Tasks................................................................................ 621 What You Should Know About Workflow............................................................ 621 Deleting Activity Groups .................................................................................. 624
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Postmaintaining User Role Templates............................................................ 625 Different Settings for the Maintenance View ....................................................... 625 Maintaining and Generating the Authorization Profiles................................ 626 Displaying an Overview of Generated Profiles .............................................. 630 Regenerating Authorization Profiles After Making Changes ....................... 632 Using Utilities to Change Generated Authorizations .................................... 636 Merging Authorizations........................................................................................ 636 Reorganizing Technical Names of Authorizations .............................................. 637 Customizing Authorizations............................................................................. 638 Assigning IMG Projects or Project Views to Activity Groups .............................. 638 &KDSWHU 3UHSDULQJ WKH 5 (QYLURQPHQW IRU *R/LYH Overview ............................................................................................................... 72 Transports Between Clients............................................................................... 72 Transports Between R/3 Systems ..................................................................... 73 Transporting Activity Groups ............................................................................ 73 Transporting Single Activity Groups Using the Activity Group Maintenance Transaction........................................................................................................ 74 Mass Transport of Activity Groups ........................................................................ 76 Transporting Check Indicators and Field Values ............................................ 78 Transporting Authorization Templates ............................................................. 78 Transporting User Master Records ................................................................... 78 &KDSWHU ,QVHUWLQJ 0LVVLQJ $XWKRUL]DWLRQV Manually Postmaintaining Authorizations........................................................ 82 When to Insert Missing Authorizations?................................................................ 82
Case #1: Authorization Is Missing for Related Transactions .................................. 82 Case #2: The Generated Profile Does Not Assign Any General Rights to the User ....................................................................................................................82 Case #3: Cannot Select Transaction SU53 from the Menu in PFCG .....................82
How to Insert Missing Authorizations .................................................................... 83 Manually Inserting Authorizations..................................................................... 83 Using Selection Criteria ......................................................................................... 84 Inserting Manually.................................................................................................. 86 Inserting Authorizations from Templates ......................................................... 87 Creating a New Template...................................................................................... 87 Inserting Authorizations from a Template ........................................................... 810 Inserting Authorizations from a Profile........................................................... 812 Inserting Full Authorizations: Profile <YourCompany> ............................ 815 &KDSWHU $VVLJQLQJ $FWLYLW\ *URXSV Overview ............................................................................................................... 92 Assigning Users to Activity Groups.................................................................. 93 Assigning Activity Groups to Users.................................................................. 96 Assigning PD Objects to Activity Groups ........................................................ 97 Assigning Activity Groups to PD Objects ...................................................... 910 Transferring Users from an IMG Project to an Activity Group ..................... 913 Updating Profiles in the User Master Records............................................... 915
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Comparing User Master Data from Within Transaction PFCG........................... 915 Profile Comparisons Using Mass Compare (PFUD)........................................... 918 Report PFCG_TIME_DEPENDENCY to Schedule Time Dependency.............. 919 Creating a Sample Organizational Plan .......................................................... 921 Using the Classic R/3 Transaction ...................................................................... 922 Using the Enjoy Transaction ............................................................................... 927 Structural Authorizations ................................................................................. 928 &KDSWHU 6HWWLQJ 8S WKH $/( (QYLURQPHQW IRU &HQWUDO 8VHU $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ Overview............................................................................................................. 102 Setting Up an ALE User.................................................................................... 103 Naming Logical Systems.................................................................................. 105 Assigning Logical Systems to Clients............................................................ 108 Defining Target System for RFC Calls .......................................................... 1010 Distribution Model........................................................................................... 1013 Generating Partner Profiles in the Central System ..................................... 1016 Distributing Model View ................................................................................. 1017 Generating Partner Profiles in the Client System........................................ 1018 6HWWLQJ 8S &HQWUDO 8VHU $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ Overview............................................................................................................. 112 Assigning the Central User Administration Distribution Model .................. 112 Testing Central User Administration .............................................................. 113 Migrating Existing Users to the Central System............................................ 117 Defining Field Attributes for User Maintenance ............................................ 119 Global User Manager ...................................................................................... 1110 Structure of the Global User Manager .............................................................. 1112 Using the Global User Manager........................................................................ 1112
System Landscape with Existing Users ............................................................. 1112 System Landscape Without Existing Users........................................................ 1113 User Creation...................................................................................................... 1114
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Defining System Types and User Groups......................................................... 1114 Modeling with the Global User Manager........................................................... 1116 Authorization for the Global User Manager....................................................... 1117 Distributing Data in the Global User Manager .................................................. 1118
Immediate Distribution........................................................................................ 1119 Scheduling Background Distribution................................................................... 1119
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7LSV DQG 7URXEOHVKRRWLQJ Overview............................................................................................................. 122 Tracing Authorizations with Transaction SU53 ............................................. 122 System Trace Using Transaction ST01........................................................... 124 Analyzing a Written Trace File ......................................................................... 129 Reducing the Scope of Authorization Checks............................................. 1212 Overview............................................................................................................ 1212 Enabling the Profile Generator.......................................................................... 1212 Enabling/Disabling Other System-wide Checks ............................................... 1212
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Enabling auth/tcodes_not_checked .................................................................... 1212 Enabling auth/rfc_authority_check......................................................................1213 Globally Deactivating or Activating Authorization Checks ..................................1213 Parameter Transactions......................................................................................1218
Deactivating Authorization Checks Using SU24 ............................................... 1218 Reducing the Scope of Authorization Checks................................................... 1219
Maintaining Check Indicators for Transaction Codes ......................................... 1220 Mass Change of Check Indicators ......................................................................1228 Maintaining Authorizations in the Activity Groups...............................................1232
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6$3 6HFXULW\ $XGLW DQG /RJJLQJ Overview ............................................................................................................. 132 Audit Tools (SM20, SM19, SECR) .................................................................... 132 Security Audit Log (SM20)................................................................................... 132
Running the Audit Log........................................................................................... 134
Setting Security Audit Log Parameters (SM19) .................................................. 135

Defining Filter Group 1 .......................................................................................... 137 Defining Filter Group 2 ..........................................................................................137
Audit Information System (SECR)..................................................................... 1311

Complete Audit.................................................................................................... 1312 User-Defined Audit..............................................................................................1316
User Security Audit Jobs ................................................................................... 1318 Audit Tasks (SM21, STAT, ST03) ................................................................... 1320 Reviewing Validity of Named Users .................................................................. 1320 Reviewing Profiles for Accuracy and Permission Creep................................... 1321 System Log (SM21)........................................................................................... 1322 Statistic Records in CCMS (STAT) ................................................................... 1324 ST03 User Profile ........................................................................................... 1326 Logging of Specific Activities............................................................................. 1328
Logging Changes to Table Data ......................................................................... 1328
Logging Changes to User Master Records, Profiles, and Authorizations 1330 &KDSWHU 8SJUDGH Before Doing Any Upgrade .............................................................................. 142 Validation Steps After Upgrading Is Completed ............................................ 143 Converting Previously Created SU02 Profiles to Activity Groups............... 144 Creating an Activity Group from Manually Maintained Profiles........................... 144 Removing User Assignments from the Original SU02 Profile............................. 149 Upgrading from a Release Prior to 3.1x to 4.6 A/B ...................................... 1411 Converting Existing Authorization Profiles for the Profile Generator ................ 1411 Re-creating the Authorization Profiles from Scratch Using the Profile Generator ...................................................................................................... 1411 Upgrading from Release 3.0F to 4.6 A/B....................................................... 1412 Upgrade from Releases 3.1G, 3.1H, 3.1I to 4.6 A/B...................................... 1414 Upgrade from Releases 4.0x or 4.5x to 4.6 A/B............................................ 1422 6$31HW 5 )URQWHQG 1RWHV $ Overview ...............................................................................................................A2 SAPNet R/3 Frontend Notes ............................................................................A3
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)UHTXHQWO\ $VNHG 4XHVWLRQV % Overview...............................................................................................................B2 R/3 Initial Screen (SAP Easy Access Menu) and Favorites ............................B2 Profile Generator Setup ......................................................................................B3 Working with the PG and Profiles .....................................................................B3 Authorization Checks (SU24).............................................................................B5 Upgrade Procedure (SU25) ................................................................................B7 Including Transactions or Reports ...................................................................B7 Missing Authorizations.......................................................................................B7 User Administration ............................................................................................B8 Transporting ........................................................................................................B8 Tables ...................................................................................................................B8
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,PSRUWDQW 6\VWHP 3URILOH 3DUDPHWHUV & Incorrect Logons, Default Clients, and Default Start Menu............................C2 Setting Password Length and Expiration.........................................................C2 Specifying Impermissible Passwords...............................................................C3 Securing SAP* Against Misuse..........................................................................C3 Tracing Authorizations .......................................................................................C3 Profile Generator and Transaction SU24..........................................................C4 User Buffer ...........................................................................................................C4 No Check on Object S_TCODE ..........................................................................C4 No Check on Certain ABAP Objects .................................................................C4 RFC Authority Check ..........................................................................................C5 * ,
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Production Phase Upgrade + Ongoing Development
Evaluation
Implementation
Authorizations Scoping
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Introduction Conventions
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Menu Bar Standard Toolbar Screen Title Application Toolbar
User menu SAP standard menu
Workplace Menu
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Chapter 1: R/3 System Security and the Authorization Concept Overview
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User role templates
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IMG SU25 First installation SAPNet -R/3 Frontend notes

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Chapter 1: R/3 System Security and the Authorization Concept Auditing Requirements
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Overview .................................................................................................................. 22 ASAP Roadmap.......................................................................................................22 Knowledge Corner ..................................................................................................25 Questions and Answers Database (Q&Adb) ........................................................26 Authorization List....................................................................................................26
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Chapter 2: Authorizations and ASAP Overview
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Chapter 2: Authorizations and ASAP ASAP Roadmap
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Chapter 2: Authorizations and ASAP Questions and Answers Database (Q&Adb)
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Chapter 2: Authorizations and ASAP Authorization List
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Chapter 3: Setting Up the Profile Generator Overview
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Chapter 3: Setting Up the Profile Generator Loading the USOBX_C and USOBT_C tables
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Chapter 3: Setting Up the Profile Generator Getting Support from the SAPNet R/3 Frontend Notes
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Chapter 3: Setting Up the Profile Generator Getting Support from the SAPNet R/3 Frontend Notes
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Chapter 4: User Administration Overview
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Chapter 4: User Administration System Users
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Chapter 4: User Administration User Groups
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Chapter 4: User Administration Authorizations and Authorization Profiles
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Chapter 4: User Administration Creating a New User (Client-Specific)
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Chapter 5: User Role Templates How to Work with User Role Templates
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Chapter 6: Advanced Profile Generator Functionality Deleting Activity Groups
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Chapter 6: Advanced Profile Generator Functionality Maintaining and Generating the Authorization Profiles
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Chapter 6: Advanced Profile Generator Functionality Displaying an Overview of Generated Profiles
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Appendix A: SAPNet R/3 Frontend Notes Overview
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Overview ................................................................................................................. B2 R/3 Initial Screen (SAP Easy Access Menu) and Favorites ............................... B2 Profile Generator Setup......................................................................................... B3 Working with the PG and Profiles ........................................................................ B3 Authorization Checks (SU24)................................................................................ B5 Upgrade Procedure (SU25) ................................................................................... B7 Including Transactions or Reports ...................................................................... B7 Missing Authorizations ......................................................................................... B7 User Administration............................................................................................... B8 Transporting ........................................................................................................... B8 Tables...................................................................................................................... B8
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Appendix B: Frequently Asked Questions Overview
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Appendix B: Frequently Asked Questions Profile Generator Setup
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Appendix B: Frequently Asked Questions Working with the PG and Profiles
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Appendix B: Frequently Asked Questions Authorization Checks (SU24)
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Appendix B: Frequently Asked Questions Authorization Checks (SU24)
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Authorizations Made Easy SAP

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SAP Labs, Inc. Palo Alto, California

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What Is a User Role Template? .......................................................................... 113

Authorizations Made Easy

Detailed Table of Contents

System Security................................................................................................... 123

Authorizations Made Easy

Detailed Table of Contents

External R/3 Users ................................................................................................ 43 Internal R/3 Users ................................................................................................. 43

Special R/3 Users.................................................................................................. 44

Detailed Table of Contents

Authorizations Made Easy

Detailed Table of Contents

Detailed Table of Contents

Setting Security Audit Log Parameters (SM19) .................................................. 135

Audit Information System (SECR)..................................................................... 1311

Authorizations Made Easy

Detailed Table of Contents

Detailed Table of Contents

Authorizations Made Easy

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Introduction What Is this Book About?

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Preparing the R/3 Environment and Preparation for Go-Live

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Introduction How to Use this Guide

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Whats New in Release 4.6 Overview

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Whats New in Release 4.6 Flexible User Menus

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Chapter 1: R/3 System Security and the Authorization Concept Overview

Preparing the R/3 Environment and Preparation for Go-Live

Description of auth. concept

Setting up the profile generator

User role templates

Info gathering Strategy, Definition

Roadmap, + structure Q&Adb (4.6B) Authorization list (AL.xls)

IMG SU25 First installation SAPNet -R/3 Frontend notes

Authorizations Made Easy

Chapter 1: R/3 System Security and the Authorization Concept Overview

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