Ad Pat P and Cellular Respiration

ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration
Copyright Cmassengale
RESPIRATION
All living organisms require a constant input energy Obtained from respiration to carry out living process
All living cells are made up of chemical substances The processes of living involve reactions between the substances A reaction is an event which produces a change in a substance
Energy
Is the resource that allow arganism to do work
Importance of energy
Metabolism Movement Cell division and repair damage cell Active transport Transmission of impulse Movement of substance Control body temperature
Some examples of the use of energy in organisms Respiration supplies the energy for germination
10
muscle contractio
chemical changes in cells
cell division
The blood stream brings food and oxygen to the muscle cells. Respiration occurs in the cells and releases energy which
Energy use in muscle contraction

shoulder blade
11
upper arm bone
lower arm bones
12
.makes the muscle contract and pull the lower arm up
Cellular respiration
Is the process by which chemical energy in organic molecule is release Fuel- organic molecule-carbohydrateenergy Energy is release-transferred to energy carrier(ATP ) Some energy release as heat
One example of respiration in ourselves

2. The lungs absorb oxygen from the air 2.The stomach and intestine digest food. One of the products is glucose 1. Air taken in
15
1.Food taken in
4 RESPIRATION Glucose and oxygen react to produce energy for muscle contraction
3.The blood stream carries glucose and oxygen to the muscles 5 Carbon dioxide is carried to the lungs by the blood
Type of respiration
Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration
The process of respiration described so far has been defined as the release of energy when foodstuffs such as glucose react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
This form of respiration, which needs oxygen
There is another form of respiration which does not need oxygen and is called anaerobic respiration.
What Is ATP?
Energy used by all Cells
Adenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing highenergy Phosphate bonds
Chemical Structure of ATP

Adenine Base
3 Phosphates
Ribose Sugar
It is nucleotide molecule Consist of base adenine, a pentose sugar combine with three phosphate group Act as temporary energy store Hydrolysed produce adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphate (Pirelease energy)
What Does ATP Do for You?

It supplies YOU with ENERGY!
How Do We Get Energy From ATP?

By breaking the highenergy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP
What is the Process Called?

HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O)
H 2O
How Does That Happen?

An Enzyme!
How is ATP Re-Made?

The reverse of the previous process occurs.
Another Enzyme is used! ATP Synthetase

The ADP-ATP Cycle

ATP Synthetase
ATP-ase
When is ATP Made in the Body?

During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals
Cellular Respiration
Includes pathways that require oxygen Glucose is oxidized and O2 is reduced Glucose breakdown is therefore an oxidation-reduction reaction Breakdown of one glucose results in 36 to 38 ATP molecules
Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2
YIELDS 6CO2 + 6H20 + e- + 36-38ATPs

What Type of Process is Cellular Respiration?

An
Oxidation-Reduction Process or REDOX Reaction Oxidation of GLUCOSE --> CO2 + H2O (e- removed from C6H12O6) Reduction O2 to H2O (epassed to O2)
What Carries the Electrons?

(nicotinadenine dinucleotide) acts as the energy carrier NAD+ is a coenzyme Its Reduced to NADH when it picks up two electrons and one Copyright Cmassengale hydrogen ion
NAD+
Are There Any Other Electron Carriers?

YES!
Another Coenzyme! FAD+ (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) Reduced to FADH2

Other Cellular Respiration Facts

Metabolic Pathway that breaks down carbohydrates Process is Exergonic as High-energy Glucose is broken into CO2 and H2O Process is also Catabolic because larger Glucose breaks into smaller molecules
What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?

Glycolysis The
Krebs Cycle The Electron Transport Chain
Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place?

It
actually takes place in two parts of the cell:
Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle & ETC Take place in the MitochondriaCopyright Cmassengale
Review of Mitochondria Structure

Smooth outer Membrane Folded inner membrane Folds called Cristae Space inside cristae called the Matrix
Diagram of the Process

Occurs across Cristae
Occurs in Cytoplasm
Occurs in Matrix Copyright Cmassengale
Glycolysis Summary
Takes place in the Cytoplasm Anaerobic (Doesnt Use Oxygen)
Requires input of 2 ATP

Glucose split into two molecules of Pyruvate or Pyruvic Acid
Glycolysis Summary
Also produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA and CO2 is removed
Glycolysis Diagram
Fermentation
Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic)
Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired) Called Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces ethanol) Nets only 2 ATP
A Little Krebs Cycle History

Discovered by Hans Krebs in 1937 He received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1953 for his discovery Forced to leave Germany prior to WWII because he was Jewish Copyright Cmassengale
Krebs Cycle Summary

Requires Oxygen (Aerobic) Cyclical series of oxidation reactions that give off CO2 and produce one ATP per cycle Turns twice per glucose molecule Produces two ATP Takes place in matrix of mitochondria
Krebs Cycle Summary

Each
turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces 3NADH, 1FADH2, and 2CO2 Therefore, For each Glucose molecule, the Krebs Cycle produces 6NADH, 2FADH2, 4CO2, and 2ATP
Krebs Cycle
ATP
NETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADH , & 2CO
Electron Transport Chain Summary

34 ATP Produced H2O Produced Occurs Across Inner Mitochondrial membrane Uses coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+ to accept e- from glucose NADH = 3 ATPs FADH2 = 2 ATPs
Electron Transport Chain Animation

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ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

Is the resource that allow arganism to do work

chemical changes in cells

Energy use in muscle contraction

upper arm bone

lower arm bones

.makes the muscle contract and pull the lower arm up

One example of respiration in ourselves

This form of respiration, which needs oxygen

Chemical Structure of ATP

What Does ATP Do for You?

How Do We Get Energy From ATP?

What is the Process Called?

How Does That Happen?

How is ATP Re-Made?

Another Enzyme is used! ATP Synthetase

The ADP-ATP Cycle

When is ATP Made in the Body?

Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration

YIELDS 6CO2 + 6H20 + e- + 36-38ATPs

What Type of Process is Cellular Respiration?

What Carries the Electrons?

Are There Any Other Electron Carriers?

Another Coenzyme! FAD+ (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) Reduced to FADH2

Other Cellular Respiration Facts

What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?

Krebs Cycle The Electron Transport Chain

Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place?

actually takes place in two parts of the cell:

Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm

Krebs Cycle & ETC Take place in the MitochondriaCopyright Cmassengale

Review of Mitochondria Structure

Diagram of the Process

Requires input of 2 ATP

A Little Krebs Cycle History

Krebs Cycle Summary

Krebs Cycle Summary

NETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADH , & 2CO

Electron Transport Chain Summary

Electron Transport Chain Animation

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