Principle of Totality and Integrity The human body is an integral part of the human person and is therefore worthy

of human dignity. It must be kept whole. No body part should be removed, mangled or dibilitated unless doing so is necessary for the health of a more essential body part or the body of a whole. An unessential or redundant body part may be removed for the good of another person.

Virtue is moral excellence. A virtue is a positive trait or quality deemed to be morally good and thus is valued as a foundation of principle and good moral being. Personal virtues are characteristics valued as promoting collective and individual greatness. The opposite of virtue is vice.

Conscience is an aptitude, faculty, intuition or judgment that assists in distinguishing right from wrong. Moral judgment may derive from values or norms (principles and rules). In psychological terms conscience is often described as leading to feelings of remorse when a human commits actions that go against his/her moral values and to feelings of rectitude or integrity when actions conform to such norms. The extent to which conscience informs moral judgment before an action and whether such moral judgments are or should be based in reason has occasioned debate through much of the history of Western philosophy.

Natural Moral Law includes those ethical theories which state that there is a natural order to our world that should be followed. This natural order is determined by some supernatural power. Natural Law originated in the philosophy of the ancient Greeks, especially that of Aristotle, and was developed by Thomas Aquinas. It is an absolute theory of ethics but it is not rooted in duty, or in an externally imposed law, but in our human nature and our search for genuine happiness and fulfilment. Aquinas considered that by using our reason to reflect on our human nature, we could discover our specific purpose and having discovered this, we could then work out how to achieve it. This understanding of Gods plan for us, built into our nature at creation, Aquinas called Natural Law. Natural Law is not about doing what comes naturally- it is not about what nature does in the sense of being observed in nature. Natural law is based on nature interpreted by human reason. Natural Law is not exactly a law in that it does not give you a fixed law- it is not always straightforward and there is some flexibility in its application.