T KHNG BO HA

BI GING CHO LP CAO HC (12 TIT)

GING VIN: PHM QUANG HNG

Thng 3 nm 2007

CHNG TRNH HC
CHNG TRNH:
t khng bo ha Mt s m hnh nn

THI GIAN:
t khng bo ha (60 tit 8 tit): 3 bui Mt s m hnh nn (60 tit 4 tit): 1 bui Bi ging ch mang tnh cht gii thiu hiu r cc vn , cc hc vin cn t c ti liu tham kho Nu cn trao i thm, c th lin h vi gio vin ngoi gi hc

TI LIU:
Sch c hc t cho t khng bo ha Mt s ti liu khc khuyn khch c ting Anh

C HC T KHNG BO HA (12 tit)

Gii thiu t khng bo ha Mt s ch tiu c l ca t khng bo ha Cc bin ng sut s dng trong t khng bo ha ng c trng t nc Cng ca t khng bo ha H s thm ca t khng bo ha Bin dng ca t khng bo ha Mt s ng dng

C HC T KHNG BO HA
C HC T

C HC T BO HA UW 0 T TRONG T NHIN T DI MC NC NGM C 2 pha: rn v lng

C HC T BO KHNG HA UW 0 T TRONG T NHIN T TRN MC NC NGM T VNG I NI T THI CNG M NN C 3 pha: rn, lng v kh

PHN B CA T KH CN
t kh cn v bn kh cn chim 33% din tch tri t

t kh cn l vng t c lng nc ma thp hn lng nc bay hi.

Tuy vy c hc t khng bo ha c th p dng hu ht mi ni trn th gii ty theo ma.

P LC NC L RNG TRONG LNG T

Bay hi cy ht nc Bay hi mnh Cn bng mc nc

Mc nc ngm
ng sut Tng p sut kh p lc Nc l rng

Xp x 80% b mt tri t xut hin t khng bo ha ti mt su no .

HIN TNG MAO DN

UW

MT S NG DNG CA C HC T KHNG BO HA
1. Thit k ca , p do con ngi xy dng
Trong khi xy dng Khi dng nc Do thay i ca kh hu

MT S NG DNG CA C HC T KHNG BO HA
2. n nh ca mi dc t nhin
C th mt n nh khi c mt t ma ko di Mt trt nng i qua vng t khng bo ha

MT S NG DNG CA C HC T KHNG BO HA
3. Thit k bi cha rc thi
Cht thi c lu trong khu vc c mc nc ngm rt thp Cc cht c t rc c th thm v lm nhim nc ngm

4. n nh ca h o
H o thng b mt n nh vi ngy (gi) sau khi o Do p lc nc l rng tng ln do ngm, ma

MT S NG DNG CA C HC T KHNG BO HA
5. t lp trong tng chn
t lp thng khng bo ha Vn g xy ra khi t tr nn bo ha t trng n

MT S NG DNG CA C HC T KHNG BO HA
6. Cng chu lc ca mng nng
Khi thit k, ngi ta dng mu t ly t hin trng Chng ta lun gi thit rng bo ha l khng i khi thit k

7. Chuyn v ca cng trnh do t trng n

Cc cng trnh nh nh nh ca, ng x u d dng b nt khi t trng n

MT S NG DNG CA C HC T KHNG BO HA
8. Ln st di ti trng
C nhiu loi t b ln st ln khi bo ha tng ln

Thit hi do hin tng trng n/ bin dng ca t: Theo Jones & Holtz (1973) th thit hi hng nm do t trng n ti M l 2,3 t la (nh ca, ng x, cu cng). c tnh, con s ny gp i thit hi do lt li, bo t, ng t cng li. Nm 1980 c tnh l khong 7 t la (Krohn & Slosson)

CC PHA CA T KHNG BO HA
Kh (Ht t) Mt phn cch Kh nc Nc

BNG CHNG V MT PHN CCH KH NC

BN PHA CA T KHNG BO HA
Kh

Rn

CC CH TIU C L
CC CH TIU C L:
rng, n = Vr/Vtong H s rng, e bo ha, S m, w (trng lng) hoc (th tch) Dung trng ca t,

S.e = w.Gs

CC BIN TRNG THI NG SUT

1. i vi t bo ha:

= - uw
= ng sut hu hiu; = ng sut tng; uw = p lc nc l rng ng sut hu hiu s l bin duy nht th hin trng thi ng sut ca t

2. i vi t khng bo ha

C rt nhiu tc gi c gng dng mt bin ng sut duy nht th hin trng thi ng sut ca t khng bo ha: Bishop (1959); Jennings (1961); Aitchison (1961, 1967)

Thc thnh chng minh rng khng th dng mt bin duy nht. Fredlund & Morgenstern (1977) xut 2 bin:

( ua) v (ua uw)

CC BIN TRNG THI NG SUT

1. xut ca Fredlund v Morgenstern (1977) c chng minh l ng n qua th nghim v hin tng thc t. ( ua) = ng sut php thc (ua uw) = ht dnh

2. iu ny c ngha l bi ton s phc tp hn t bo ha rt nhiu hm 2 bin:

H s rng, e = f1(( ua), (ua uw)) bo ha, S = f2(( ua), (ua uw))

.. ..

CC BIN TRNG THI NG SUT

Trong trng hp khi t tin ti trng thi bo ha (S=100%) th p lc nc l rng uw ua v do lc ht dnh = 0. ng sut php thc ( ua) = ( uw) = ng sut hu hiu t bo ha ch l mt trng hp c bit ca t khng bo ha. Lc ht dnh thc cht l chnh lch gia p lc nc l rng v p sut khng kh. p sut khng kh l 101 kPa. Nhng thng c la chn l gi tr tham kho v thng c tnh l 0 kPa v h s thm ca khng kh rt cao nn p lc kh hu ht cc v tr trong cng trnh xy dng l nh nhau. o (tnh) c lc ht dnh, ta cn phi o (tnh) p lc nc l rng. Lc ht dnh c gi tr t: 0kPa (bo ha) n 106 kPa (t hon ton kh).

CC YU T LIN QUAN N LC HT DNH

CC YU T LIN QUAN N LC HT DNH

Lin h gia bn knh mt cong v ht dnh Lin h gia m tng i v ht dnh

O HT DNH
Lc ht dnh c th c o trc tip bng ng h o p lc o gin tip thng qua thit b o m Qua nc trong t (phng php giy thm)

NG CONG C TRNG T NC
nh ngha: l ng cong th hin quan h gia m (hoc bo ha) ca t v lc ht dnh ca t. bo ha thay i rt nhiu vi lc ht dnh nhng thay i rt t i vi ng sut php thc
35 30

Vng thot Nc Gii hn Thot nc Danh gii Chuyn i im un

(%)
m, w

25 20 15 10 5 0 0.1

Vng nc d Nc d

1.0

10.

100.

1000.

10,000

100,000 1000,000

Lc ht dnh (kPa)

NG CONG C TRNG T NC
ng cong c trng t nc rt quan trng i vi t khng bo ha:
Cho bit lng nc c trong t ti bt k mt gi tr lc ht dnh no Cho php c lng c h s thm ca t khng bo ha Cho php tnh ton, c lng c cng ca t khng bo ha.

ng cong c trng t nc c th c tnh ton hoc o nh sau:

Qua cc ch tiu c l ca t Qua ng cong thnh phn ht ca t Qua th nghim trong phng
p dng mt vi gi tr ca lc ht dnh ln trn t v o xem m ca t l bao nhiu. Phng php ly tm Phng php o ngoi hin trng (c lc ht dnh + m)

KT THC NGY 1

CM N CC BN!

NGY TH 2
1. BI TON THM CA NC TRONG T KHNG BO HA
1. Khi nim c bn 2. H s thm 3. Hin tng khuch tn

2. CNG CA T KHNG BO HA
1. Dng c th nghim 2. Quan h cng - lc ht dnh 3. Gii quyt cc bi ton thc t

3. BIN DNG CA T KHNG BO HA

1. Gii thiu chung v bin dng 2. Phng trnh (m hnh Fredlund) 3. Hnh nh trc gic ca quan h ng sut bin dng nc trong t

BI TON THM TRONG T KHNG BO HA

1. HIN TNG THM CA NC TRONG T:
1. Lc y nc trong t khng bo ha 2. nh lut Darcy cho t khng bo ha 3. H s thm ca t khng bo ha
Quan h gia h s thm v cc ch tiu c l c bn ca t Quan h gia h s thm v bo ha Quan h gia h s thm v lc ht dnh trong t Hin tng tr ca hm thm Mt s m hnh d bo hm h s thm ca t khng bo ha

2. HIN TNG THM CA KH TRONG T:

1. Lc to ra dng thm ca kh trong t 2. nh lut Fick cho t khng bo ha 3. H s thm ca kh trong t khng bo ha

3. HIN TNG KHUCH TN TRONG T KHNG BO HA

1. Khuch tn ca kh 2. Khuch tn ca ha cht.

BI TON THM CA T KHNG BO HA

GII THIU
BI TON THM CA T KHNG BO HA

Thm ca hai pha (khi pha kh l lin tc)

Khuch tn ca kh qua nc

Nc

Kh Xut hin ca ti kh (ti kh c th gin n)

LC TO RA DNG THM CA NC

LC TO RA DNG THM CA NC

Nc thm t u sang u? A B hay B A?

NH LUT DARCY
Vw = Vn tc thm Kw = H s thm (khng l hng s)

H S THM CA T KHNG BO HA

QUAN H: H S THM BO HA

QUAN H: H S THM LC HT DNH

MT S M HNH D BO HM H S THM

HIN TNG TR CA HM H S THM

THM CA KHNG KH TRONG T KHNG BO HA

KHUCH TN TRONG T KHNG BO HA

O H S THM CA T KHNG BO HA
Rt nhiu phng php: trc tip v gin tip

CNG CA T KHNG BO HA

1. Dng c th nghim 2. Quan h cng - lc ht dnh 3. Gii quyt cc bi ton thc t

CNG CA T KHNG BO HA

TH NGHIM CT T KHNG BO HA

TH NGHIM 3 TRUC CA T KHNG BO HA

QUAN H: CNG - LC HT DNH

CNG CA T KHNG BO HA

CNG CA T KHNG BO HA

MT S S LIU THC

MT PH HOI CA T KHNG BO HA

V D V PH HOI DO CNG T B GIM

NG DNG GII QUYT BI TON THC T

BIN DNG CA T KHNG BO HA

1. Gii thiu chung v bin dng 2. Phng trnh (m hnh Fredlund) 3. Hnh nh trc gic ca quan h ng sut bin dng nc trong t 4. Kt qu ca m hnh Pham & Fredlund (2005) 5. Chng ng di ca t khng bo ha

BIN DNG CA T KHNG BO HA

BIN DNG CA MT PHN T

CC PHNG TRNH BIN DNG C BN

M hnh Fredlund

HNH DNG C BN CA QUAN H NG SUT BIN DNG V NC TRONG T

VAI TR CA CC THAM S

S LIU THC T

M HNH PHAM & FREDLUND (2005)

Yield Yield 0.5
Yield Yield

Air Entry value

1.2

Gravimetric water content (w)

Void ratio (e)

0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Residual

1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4

0.0 -3 10 10-2

10 Soil suction (kPa)

10

10

10

10

104

10 102 Net mean stress (kPa)

10

-2

10

-3

10

-2

10

10

10

Soil suction (kPa)

10

10

10 Net mean stress (kPa)

10

10

-2

b) Void ratio surface

Air Entry Value

a) Gravimetric water content

1.0 Air Entry Value

Degree of saturation (S)

0.6

Volumetric water content ()

0.8 Residual 0.6 0.4 0.2 Residual

0.4

0.2

0.0 -2 10

10

10 Soil suction (kPa)

10

10

10

10 Net mean stress (kPa)

10

10

-2

0.0 -2 10 0 10 2 10 4 10 6 Soil suction 10 (kPa)

10

10

10

10

-2

c) Volumetric water content

Net mean stress (kPa)

d) Degree of saturation

CHNG NG DI CA C HC T KHNG BO HA
Hin nay c rt nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v t khng bo ha S lng bi bo v c hc t khng bo ha chim mt s lng ln trn cc tp ch hng u th gii nh Geotechnique, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Geotechnical and GeoEnvironmental Engineering. ng dng ca c hc t khng bo ha cng ngy cng ph bin C hc t khng bo ha gip tit kim c rt nhiu tin Tuy nhin, cn rt nhiu vn cn phi tip tc nghin cu

KT THC NGY 2

CM N CC BN THEO DI