5.

1 Problems faced
During the analysis and executing phase, we faced various problems during the analysis and executing phase, we faced various problems. We started with programming for LCD, which is used for displaying results of various measurements of various measurements. First we decided to test the program using simulation in the Proteus. During the programming simulation the program worked very well but when we tested the program in the hardware LCD did not work. Later we realized that, the LCD was a slow device, certain time was needed for it to process command given to it. Hence this problem was solved after adding the delay of 1ms after each instruction given to the LCD.

5.2 Result and analysis

We have tabulated measure value of distance, actual value and respective error in the measurement of each data. Most of the time we observed that error in measurement was of 1 cm. This error was found due to round off error while performing integer division while calculating distance. On some readings, it was greater than 1cm that may be attributed to false detection and improper reflection of transmitted pulses. This problem can be solved by using programming technique like time averaging.

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5.3 Application
Our designed system can be use for various applications such as a distance measurement using ultrasound can be used to alert blind man about nearly obstacles. Field measurement can be time consuming and costly. So our system can be used for wireless monitoring of water level in remote damps. Automatic distance measurement through wireless command can also be used in rear park tonics. Finally speed measurement can be used for high speed vehicle tracking by use of high range ultrasonic transducers by traffic police to reduce road accidents. It has great use in the field of industries and robotics.

5.4 Limitations
Nothing is perfect, each and everything has its own limitation in its operation and performance. The performance of our system depends mainly on the microcontroller, software, ultrasonic transducers, wireless device and also the environmental conditions. Some limitations are due to lack of time and availability of various components of desired characteristics. Some of the major limitations of our system can be summarized as follows: 1. Distance up to 3m can be measured. 2. We have not provided any provision to compensate for change in parameter such as speed of sound due to change in temperature , humidity of air etc. as a result the system cannot be used in all conditions without making changes in the software level itself. 3. The equipments should be protected from rain and storm, because ultrasound may reflect the water drops giving erroneous readings. 4. We have not considered the phenomenon such as Dopplers effect. 5. Improper geometry of the reflectors can degrade our project. 6. Observation of sound by some mediums can cause effects in our project. 7. Lack of high-tech components required for high precision measurement also limits our project.

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5.5 Conclusion
The project is undertaken in sixth semester of 3rd year of BE electronics was mostly successful. Although we were able to achieve many of our stated objectives, some results were not up to our exception. This was partially due to lack of availability of high performance components required for high precision measurement. For example large distance could be measured using high power ultrasound transducers, but we had settled with transducers provided to us by our college. The circuitry i.e. hardware part is not so complex. We had achieved our intension not to start with something complex but to do something useful in the multiple applications.

5.6 Recommendations for future work

In our attempt we were able to measure the distance and then apply the voice playback system to the blind people which can be a great gift for them. Currently we have only used ultrasonic transducers below the stick but we can use it in front of the stick which can provide the forward vision to the blind people.

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