ROUTING I. GII THIU nh tuyn n gin ch l tm ng i t mng ny n mng khc.

Thng tin v nhng con ng ny c th l c cp nht t ng t cc router khc hoc l do ngi qun tr mng ch nh cho router. Ngi qun tr mng khi chn la mt giao thc nh tuyn ng cn cn nhc mt s yu t nh: ln ca h thng mng, bng thng cc ng truyn, kh nng ca router, loi router v phin bn router, cc giao thc ang chy trong h thng mng. Router l thit b trong mng c vai tr kt ni, nh tuyn v vn chuyn d liu t net ny sang net khc. Router cn c chc nng ngn chn cc gi tin Broadcast gia cc NetWork. Router c hai loi: Hardware Router: Thit b phn cng chuyn dng dng lm router. Hin c cc hng ni ting nh Cisco, Juniper o Software Router: l phn mm ci thm vo PC PC thnh router. Chng hn nh Routing and Remote Access trn Windows Server. II. Nguyn l dn ng ca Router: ng Route trn Router gm cc yu t sau: + Interface: Gi tin i ra bng cng no (card mng no trn router) o + Destination, Network mask: Gi tin s i ti network no. + GateWay: a ch IP ca router k tip trn ng i. + Metric: u tin III: NH TUYN NG 1) Gii thiu v giao thc nh tuyn ng Giao thc nh tuyn khc vi giao thc c nh tuyn c v chc nng v nhim v. Giao thc nh tuyn c s dng giao tip gia cc router vi nhau. Giao thc nh tuyn cho php router ny chia s cc thng tin nh tuyn m n bit cho cc router khc. T , cc router c th xy dng v bo tr bng nh tuyn ca n. Sau y l mt s giao thc nh tuyn : Routing information Protocol(RIP) Interior Gateway Routing Protocol(IGRP) Enhanced Inteior Gateway Routing Protocol(EIGRP) Open Shortest Path First(OSPF)

2) c im chnh ca RIP L giao thc nh tuyn theo vect khong cch S dng s lng hop lm thng s chn ng i Nu s lng hop ti ch ln hn 15 th gi d liu s b hu b Cp nht theo nh k mc nh l 30 giy 3) Cu hnh RIP cu hnh giao thc nh tuyn RIP, cn cu hnh trong ch cu hnh ton cc v ci t cc c im nh tuyn. u tin, ti ch cu hnh ton cc, cn khi ng giao thc nh tuyn RIP bng lnh Router(config)#router rip Sau , trong ch cu hnh nh tuyn, cng vic chnh l khai bo a ch IP. nh tuyn ng thng s dng broadcst v multicast trao i thng tin gia cc router. Router s da vo thng s nh tuyn chn ng tt nht ti tng mng ch. Lnh router dng khi ng giao thc nh tuyn . Lnh network dng khai bo cc cng giao tip trn router m ta mun giao thc nh tuyn gi v nhn cc thng tin cp nht v nh tuyn. C th Router(config-router)#network a_ch_mng Trong a ch mng khai bo trong cu lnh network l a ch mng theo lp A, B, hoc C ch khng phi l a ch mng con (subnet) hay a ch host ring l . IV. NH TUYN TNH 1) Gii thiu v nh tuyn tnh nh tuyn l qu trnh m router thc hin chuyn gi d liu ti mng ch. Tt c cc router dc theo ng i u da vo a ch IP ch ca gi d liu chuyn gi theo ng hng n ch cui cng. thc hin c iu ny ,router phi hc thng tin v ng i ti cc mng khc. Nu router chy nh tuyn ng th router t ng hc nhng thng tin ny t cc router khc. Cn nu router chy nh tuyn tnh th ngi qun tr mng phi cu hnh cc thng tin n cc mng khc cho router . i vi nh tuyn tnh, cc thng tin v ng i phi do ngi qun tr mng nhp cho router. Khi cu trc mng c bt k thay i no th chnh ngi qun tr mng phi xo hoc thm cc thng tin v ng i cho router. Nhng loi ng i nh vy gi l ng i c nh. i vi h thng mng ln th cng vic bo tr mng nh tuyn cho router nh trn tn rt nhiu thi gian. Cn i vi h thng mng nh, t c thay i th cng vic ny mt cng hn. Chnh v nh tuyn tnh i hi ngi qun tr mng phi cu hnh mi thng tin v ng i cho router nn n khng c c tnh linh hot nh nh tuyn ng .Trong nhng h thng mng ln, nh tuyn tnh thng c s dng kt hp vi giao thc nh tuyn ng cho mt s mc ch c bit.

2) Hot ng ca nh tuyn tnh. Hot ng ca nh tuyn tnh c th chia ra lm 3 bc nh sau: u tin, ngi qun tr mng cu hnh cc ng c nh cho router Router ci t cc ng i ny vo bng nh tuyn . Gi d liu c nh tuyn theo cc ng c nh ny . Ngi qun tr mng cu hnh ng c nh cho router bng lnh ip route. C php ca lnh

iproute 3) Cu hnh ng c nh Sau y l cc bc cu hnh ng c nh : 1. Xc nh tt c cc mng ch cn cu hnh, subnet mask tng ng v gateway tng ng. Gateway c th l a ch ca trm k tip n c mng ch . 2. Vo ch cu hnh ton cc ca router. 3. Nhp lnh ip route vi a ch mng ch, subnet mask tng ng v gateway tng ng m bn xc nh bc 1. 4. Lp li bc 3 cho nhng mng ch khc 5. Thot khi ch cu hnh ton cc

1.1/- Routing thc hin chc nng routing, ngi ta thng s dng thit b router. Tuy nhin, bn cng c th s dng mt my tnh chy h iu hnh h tr routing thc hin chc nng ny. Cc thit b router (hoc my tnh h tr routing) da vo bng nh tuyn (route table) xc nh con ng cho cc gi gi tin i n ch. Mt bng nh tuyn gm c nhiu bn ghi. Mi bn ghi cha cc trng thng tin nh network destination, subnet mask (netmask), gateway, interface v metric.

Thng tin trn bng nh tuyn 2/- Ci t Routing and Remote Access Services ci t Routing and Remote Access Services (RRAS), bn thc hin cc bc nh sau : 1/- M ca s Server Manager. Trong khung Roles Summary bn phi, bn bm nt Add Roles.

Khi chy Add Roles Wizard 2/- Trong mn hnh Select Server Roles, chn Network Policy and Access Services v bm nt Next.

Chn Network Policy and Access Services 3/- Trong mn hnh Network Policy and Access Services, bn s c c hi tip cn vi thng tin gii thiu tng quan v dch v cng tn. ng thi, bn cng nn c k phn ch (Things to Note) nm r nhng khuyn co trong khi trin khai dch v ny. Sau , bm nt Next. 4/- Trong mn hnh Select Role Services, nh du chn mc Routing and Remote Access Services v bm nt Next. 5/- Trong mn hnh Confirm Installation Selections, bn xem li cc thit lp va thc hin v bm ntInstall bt u ci t. 6/- Sau khi tin trnh ci t kt thc, trong mn hnh Installation Results, bn s nhn c thng bo"Installation succeeded". Bm nt Close hon thnh thao tc ci t.

Thng tin tng quan v Network Policy and Access Services

Chn Routing and Remote Access Services

Xc nhn li cc thit lp thc hin trn dch v

Tin trnh ci t dch v hon thnh

kim tra routing hot ng chnh xc hay cha, bn s dng hai my trm, kt ni vo hai switch tng ng vi hai card mng trn RRAS Server va cu hnh trn.

3/- Cu hnh Routing vi RRAS Trc khi cu hnh routing trn Windows Server 2008, bn cn m bo rng my tnh ca mnh c t nht hai card mng. 3.1/- Cu hnh LAN routing v kch hot RRAS services cu hnh chc nng LAN routing v kch hot RRAS services, bn thc hin cc bc sau : 1/- M ca s Routing and Remote Access t menu Administrative Tools. 2/- Kch chut phi ln tn server, chn Configure and Enable Routing and Remote Access.

Khi chy Routing and Remote Access Server Setup Wizard 3- Trong mn hnh Welcome, bm nt Next. 4/- Trong mn hnh Configuration, chn Custom Configuration v bm nt Next. 5/- Trong mn hnh Custom Configuration, nh du chn mc LAN routing v bm nt Next.

Chn kiu cu hnh Custom

Chn dch v LAN routing 6/- Trong mn hnh Completing, bm nt Finish.

Hon thnh tin trnh cu hnh LAN routing 7/- Trong hp cnh bo xut hin ngay sau , bn chn Start Service kch hot dch v RRAS.

Kch hot dch v RRAS 3.2/- Cu hnh cc card mng Tip theo, bn cn cu hnh trn cc card mng thc hin chc nng routing. Cc bc nh sau : 1/- Trong ca s Routing and Remote Access, di mc IPv4, bn kch chut phi ln mc Static Routes, chn New Static Route.

To mt static route 2/- Trong hp thoi IPv4 Static Route, bn chn card mng th nht v nhp vo cc thng s tng ng. Sau khi hon thnh, bm nt OK.

in thng tin cho static route 3/- Thc hin tng t vi cc card mng cn li trn h thng.

in thng tin cho static route tip theo 4/- Sau khi kt thc, bn s nhn c kt qu tng t nh sau :

Kt qu to lp cc staic route 3.3/- Kim tra kt ni kim tra routing hot ng chnh xc hay cha, bn s dng hai my trm, kt ni vo hai switch tng ng vi hai card mng trn RRAS Server va cu hnh trn.

Tip theo, bn cu hnh a ch IP ln lc cho cc my trm sao cho mt my thuc lp mng th nht (10.238.200.0) v my cn li thuc lp mng th hai (192.168.5.0).

Cu hnh a ch IP ho my trm th nht

Cu hnh a ch IP cho my trm th hai Sau , bn s dng lnh ping gia hai my kim tra. Nu kt qu tr v l cc dng Reply from th bn thnh cng.

Xem li a ch IP cu hnh

Ping t my trm th nht sang my trm th hai v ngc li

y, chng ta s cu hnh mt card mng dng giao tip bn ngoi (external interface) v mt card mng c dng kt ni vi mng ni b (internal interface). Sau , ta s thit lp cho php cc my tnh trong mng ni b c th i ra ngoi nh vo cc a ch IP thc tng ng.