A SEMINAR

ON

Signaling System
PRESENTED BY: SHASHANK DUBEY EC 3RD YR UNIV. ROLL NO.-1014131061
April 5, 2013 1

Introduction to Signaling Systems

Signaling : Signaling is defined as a mechanism by virtue of which network

entities exchange information amongst themselves , which are required to set up a communication path.

Signaling system : Signaling system is defined as a set of methods or rules

followed by network entities to exchange information required for communication set up.

Examples of signaling systems :

CAS (Channel associated Signaling) CCS#7 (Common Channel Signaling #7) (Signaling System Number (SS7) is a form of Common Channel Signaling.)

April 5, 2013

Areas of Signaling
There are mainly three areas of signaling during a telephone call : between subscribers and exchanges. within exchanges. between exchanges between exchanges.

Exchange A

Exchange B

within exchange

between Subscriber and exchange

April 5, 2013

Channel Associated Signaling (CAS)

April 5, 2013

Common Channel Signaling (CCS)

In CCS there is a common signaling channel which takes care of all the signaling information to be exchanged during communication. All other channels can be used for speech or data as required.
Speech

Exchange A

Speech

Exchange B

Common Signaling Channel

April 5, 2013

Advantage of CCS over CAS

Faster call setup.

No interference between signaling tones by network and frequency of human speech pattern.
Higher signaling capacity.

Information Transfer:- CCS allows the transfer of additional information along with the signaling traffic providing facilities such as caller identification and voice or data identification.

April 5, 2013

SS7 Principle

Out of band Signaling. Higher Signaling data rates (56Kbps & 64 Kbps). Signaling traffic is bursty and of short duration, hence operates in connectionless mode using packet switching. Variable length signal units with maximum size limitation. Optimum use of bandwidth. Reliability and flexibility.

April 5, 2013

Why Out-of-Band Signaling are used in SS7?

Allows for the transport of more data at higher speeds. Allows for signaling at any time in the entire duration of the call, not only at the beginning. Enables signaling to network elements to which there is no direct trunk connection.

More efficient use of voice circuits.

April 5, 2013

SS7 Components

April 5, 2013

SS7 components

Service switching point (SSP) :

SSPs are switches that have SS7 software and terminating signaling links. SSPs create packets (signal units) and send those messages to other SSPs.

Signaling transfer point (STP) :

STPs are packet switches, and act like routers in the SS7 network. Routes each incoming message to an outgoing signaling link.

Service control point (SCP) :

An SCP is usually a computer used as a front end to a database system. It is an interface to application-specific databases.

April 5, 2013

10

Basic Signaling Architecture

April 5, 2013

11

SS7 Link Types

A link (access) B link (bridge) Connects signaling end point (SCP or SSP) to STP. Connects an STP to another STP.

C link (cross)

Connects STPs performing identical functions, forming a mated pair (for greater reliability).
Connects a secondary STP pair to a primary STP pair in a quad-link configuration. Connects an SSP to an alternate STP . Connects two signaling end points (SSPs and SCPs) in the same local network .

D link (diagonal)

E link (extended) F link (fully associated)

April 5, 2013

12

What goes over Signaling Link

Signaling information is passed over the signaling link in form of messages, which are called signaling units (SUs).
Types of SUs are:
Message Link

signal units(MSUs).

status signal units(LSSUs).

signal units(FISUs).

Fill-in

April 5, 2013

13

Signaling Unit Structure

April 5, 2013

14

Features of SS7 over IP

Flow Control. Identification of the originating and terminating signaling points. Identification of voice circuits. Error detection, re-transmission and other error correcting procedures. Controls to avoid congestion on the internet.

Support for security mechanism.

April 5, 2013

15

Thank You

April 5, 2013

16

Questions/ Queries

April 5, 2013

17