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The Vessel Cardiac Networking A vast network of five distinct types of blood vessels transports blood throughout the body. The review of each type are: 1. Arteries As these vessel carry blood away from the heart, their thick muscular walls expand and contract to accommodate the speed, pressure, and volume of blood being pumped. The aorta, which is the largest artery, gives rise to many branches that eventually divide into smaller vessels called arterioles. 2. Arterioles Although arteriolar walls are thinner that those of arteries, their muscular, elastic quality allows them to reduce the pressure and regulate the blood flow into smaller branches called capillaries. 3. Capillaries A single layer of endothelial cells makes up these microscopic vessels. But despite their size, capillaries play a major role in the circulatory network by oxygenating body tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. Waste laden blood drains from capillaries into the venules. 4. Venules These vessels which have thinner walls and smaller diameter that arterioles, carry deoxygenated blood to the veins. 5. Veins Vein carries blood back to the right side of heart. Though their walls are thinner than those of arteries, their diameters are considerably larger. Both veins and venules are capacitance vessels, capable of accommodating increase in cardiac output by expending to hold greater blood volume. Among the largest veins in the body are the superior vena cava, which returns blood to the heart from the upper body; the inferior vena cava, which returns blood from the lower body; and the coronary sinus, which return body from the heart muscle. Many veins in the extremities and neck have valves that open in the direction of the blood flow and prevent reflux.

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