Demographic Profile of India

Introduction Characteristics of Indian Population Population growth Age Sex Religion Language Occupation National Policy on Population

Introduction
The systematic study of population is known as Demography. Demography is mainly 2 types formal demography & social demography. Census is an important source of demographic data.

Common concepts & Indicators

Birth Rate: Total number of live births in a particular area on per thousand population. Death Rate : Number of deaths in a given area during a given time per thousand population. Growth rate of population: Difference between birth rate & death rate. Fertility rate : Number of live births per 1000 woman in the age group of 15- 49 years. Infant mortality rate: death rates of babies less than 1 year.

Characteristics of Indian Population

Indian population exhibit the following characteristics: Age Structure : In Indian population there are significant number of people in the age structure of 014 (37.8%) & in the age group of 15 to 59 there are 55.5% & 6.7% to 60+ age group. Effects of this age structure in economy is adverse to development. Sex Composition : The sex ratio in Indian population is 927 females per 1000 males in 1991census. It is continuously declining since 1951. It has serious implication on marriage rate, death rate birth rate etc.

Indian Population (Cont.)

Marital Status : In India 50.4% are unmarried, 44.6% are married and rest are widowed, separated etc. Mean age of marriage is 19.4 for females & 24.7 for males. Depending on education, region or occupation this age varies both for males & females. Rural-Urban Settlement : Of the total population 28.3% is urban and 71.7% is rural (in1998). It shows considerable increase in than 1951( 17.3%). Rural to urban migration are there 26.6%(approx).

Indian population ( Cont.)

Occupational structure : Only 44.86% people in India in the age group of 15-59 are economically active & the rest are dependent on them. In terms of sex only 67.6% of males are working where as 32.4 % females are working.
Literacy Rate: Literacy level in India is quite high 52.21% were found literate of which 64.13% are males and 39.29% are females. The highest literacy rate was found in Kerala.

Continuation
Language : Of the 15 major language Hindi is used by majority (43%). Then came the turn of Bengali, Telugu & Marathi (8%) each. Religious Composition : Hindus & Muslims are dominating religions of the country. Other religions do exist. Schedule Caste & schedule Tribe : According to 1991 census roughly 1 in every 4 persons in India belongs to either SC or ST.

Synopsis
Definition & types of demography. Some common concepts. Characteristics of Indian population on the basis of age, sex, marital status, rural-urban settlement, occupation, language ,religion, literacy & ST/SC structure.

World Population growth

Globally, the growth rate of the human population has been steadily declining . Although the last 50 years have seen a rapid increase in population due to medical advances and massive increase in agricultural productivity made by the Green Revolution. Total world population is now 6.684 billion. India is the second largest populated country of the world.

Population Growth of India

The post World War-II period witnessed population explosion all over the world. Indian population growth is subdivided into 3 distinct phasesa) From 1901- 1931 (17%) - sporadic b) From 1931-1961 (57.4%) rapid
c)

From 1961-1999 ( 127.4%) - explosive

The AGR in India is 2% before 2001, now 1.9%.

Approaches
2 approaches are adopted for determining population growth of India historical perspective ( 1951-2001) & current perspective (1991-2001).

1. 2.

A Table Presentation
Year 1600
1800 1901 1951 1991 2001

Population ( in Million) 100

120 238.4 361.1 846.3 1029

2007

1134

State wise distribution

India has 35 states & U.T with varying population size. They are classified into 2 broad categories I. Major states with population of more than 20 million. II. Smaller states and Union Territories with less than 20 million. Total population of 17 major states counts for 982.32 million i.e. 95 % . 6 U.T. shares 2.7 million only 0.26 % of the population.

Regional distribution of population

Causes of Population Growth

1. Widening gap between BR and MR
2. Low age at marriage 3. High illiteracy 4. Religious attitude towards family

planning 5. Other causes

Effects of population on economic devp. of India

1. Pressure of population on land : very

low land-man ratio. 2. Low per-capita national income 3. Effect on food supply: availability of per capita food grain is low. 4. Pressure on social overheads : education, medical care & housing.

Effects (cont.)
Effect on capital formation: Diversion of resources Burden of unproductive consumer : Population and unemployment: High density of population in India

Indias position in HDI index

HDI index shows that India ranks 128th position among 177 countries. HPI value is 31.3 I. Probability of not surviving past age 40 - 16.8% II. Adult literacy rates - 39% III. People without access of pure drinking water 14% IV. Children underweight in age below 5 - 47%India accounts for 4.6% of global emission.

Synopsis
Introduction to concept of demographic transition. Indias population & state wise distribution . Causes of population growth. Effects of population growth and an introduction to HDI index.