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Trong s bo 24 ca
tp ch Ton tui th 2 .Tc gi Nguyn c Tn gii thiu cng bn c
mt s v d v Nhng sai lm thng gp khi gii phng trnh v t .
Trong bi vit ny ti tip tc trao i cng bn c v vn ny thng
qua mt vi v d sau.
V d 1:
Gii phng trnh: 4 x 2 4 x +1 = x + 2 .
Li gii sai:
2
Ta c :
4 x 4 x +1 = x + 2
(2 x 1) = x + 2
2x-1=x+2
x=3.
Vy phng trnh c mt nghim duy nht l x=3.
2
|A| =B.
Li gii trn b st iu kin l B 0 v trng hp A< 0.Do vy lm
mt
1
nghim x=- 3 .
V d 2:
Gii phng trnh : (x+5)
x 2
x +5
= x+2.
Li gii sai:
Ta c : (x+5)
x 2
x +5
= x+2
( x + 5)( x 2) = x + 2
x+2 0
(x+5)(x-2)=(x+2)2
x -2
x2+3x-10=x2+4x+4
x-2
x=-14.
Vy phng trnh cho v nghim.
Nhn xt : Khi thay gi tr x=-14 vo phng trnh cho ta thy n
tho
mn phng trnh. Do x=-14 phi l nghim ca phng trnh
cho.
Nguyn nhn no dn n li gii trn sai ?
A.B
A
=
B
( x 3)( x 2 x 6) = x 2 7 x +12
Li gii sai:
Ta c : ( x 3)( x x 6) = x 7 x +12
( x 3)( x 3)( x +2) = ( x 3)( x 4)
( x 3) ( x + 2) = ( x 3)( x 4)
(x-3) ( x + 2) = ( x 3)( x 4)
(x-3)( x + 2 x + 4 )=0
x-3=0
(1)
x + 2 x + 4 =0
(2)
1) x-3=0 x=3;
2) x + 2 x + 4 =0 x + 2 = x 4
x- 4 0
x4
2
x+2 =(x- 4)
x+2=x2- 8x+16
x 4
x 4
x=2 (loi)
x -9x+14=0
x=7
Vy phng trnh c 2 nghim l x=3; x=7.
Nhn xt : Cc bn ngh sao khi x=2 cng l nghim phng trnh
2
cho.
A
Ghi nh rng :
A. B =| A |
2
-A
Do ,phng trnh dng :
khi A 0;B 0
B
B
A. B = C
2
C0
.
Li gii trn b st mt trng hp khi A< 0; B 0 nn mt nghim
| A|
B =C
x=2.
V d 4:
x +2
x +1
=
x 1
x 1
Li gii sai:
Ta c :
x +2
x +1
=
x 1
x 1
( x + 2)( x 1)
x +1
=
x 1
x 1
x1
x+1 0
2
x + x 2 =x+1
x2+x-2=(x+1)2
x1
x1
x1
x -1
x -1
x -1
2
2
x +x-2=x +2x+1
-x= 3
x=-3
Vy phng trnh cho v nghim.
Nhn xt : Khi thay gi tr x=-3 vo phng trnh cho ta thy
tho mn ,do
n l nghim ca phng trnh cho. Vy do u m li gii
trn sai?
x- 1 0
1
B
Cn nh rng:
A
1
=
B |B|
A.B
A.B
khi A 0;B> 0
1
B
A.B
x 6
x-6 0
x 6
x+1-3 (3
x +1) 2 +3 3 x + 1 -1=x-6
-3 3
x +1 ( 3 x +1
-1)=-6
x6
x6
2(loi)
x + 1.3 x 6 = 2
x6
x2-5x-6 =8
( x +1)( x 6) = 2
x6
x6
x=-
x2-5x-14=0
x=7.
Vy phng trnh cho c mt nghim l x=7.
Nhn xt : C th thy ngay x=-2 cng l nghim ca phng
trnh cho .
Vy li gii trn sai do u?
Ch rng: 3 A xc nh vi mi gi tr ca A.
Tng qut : 2 n +1 A (nN) xc nh vi mi gi tr
ca A.
Do vy li gii trn sai do t iu kin cho A i vi cn bc l
dn n mt
nghim x=-2.
Qua mt vi v d trn s
gip cc bn lp 9 trnh c nhng sai
lm trong nhng trng hp tng t.Mong cc bn trao i thm
v vn ny.
Chc cc bn thnh cng.
6