JETRO

T CHC XC TIN THNG MI NHT BN

VITEC
TRUNG TM ST HCH CNG NGH THNG TIN V H TR O TO

FE HANDBOOK S TAY N LUYN FE

HIRATSUKA Ryozo
H Ni 7-2005
1

MC LC

Li ni u Phn bui sng Phn loi ni dung .. 4 Cu hi v d .. 6 p n v gii thch 56 Phn bui chiu Phn loi ni dung . 109 Cu hi v d .. 110 p n v gii thch 119

FE HANDBOOK
(MORNING QUESTIONS)

S TAY N LUYN FE
(Cu hi bui sng)

HIRATSUKA Ryozo
H Ni 7-2005
3

Ni dung St hch K s Cng ngh Thng tin C bn ( cu hi bui sng )

Lnh vc 1. C s Khoa hc My tnh 2. Cu trc d liu v gii thut 1. L thuyt thng tin c bn 1-1-1 1-1-2 1-2-1 1-2-2 2. H thng my tnh 1.Phn cng 2-1-1 2-1-2 2-1-3 2-1-4 2-1-5 2-1-6 2-1-7 2.Phn mm c bn 2-2-1 2-2-2 3. cu hnh h thng v lgic kin thit 2-3-1 2-3-2 2-3-3 4. Cc ng dng h thng 3. Pht trin v vn hnh h thng 1.Pht trin h thng 2-4-1 3-1-1 2-1-2 3-1-3 3-1-4 3-1-5 3-1-6 3-1-7 3-1-8 2.Vn hnh v bo tr h thng 3-2-1 3-2-2 4. Cng ngh mng 1.Cng ngh mng 4-1-1 4-1-2 4-1-3 4-1-4 4-1-5 5. Cng ngh CSDL 1.Cng ngh CSDL 5-1-1 5-1-2 5-1-3 Mc lc Chuyn i gi tr v biu din d liu Thng tin v lgic Cu trc d liu Gii thut Thit b thng tin Kin trc b x l Kin trc b nh B nh ph (ngoi) Kin trc v thit b vo/ra Kiu v tnh cht ca my tnh H thng nhng Cc h iu hnh Qun l tp Cng ngh cu hnh h thng Hiu nng ca h thng tin cy ca h thng v hiu qu chi ph H thng a phng tin Ngn ng Gi phn mm Mi trng pht trin K thut pht trin Cc k thut phn tch yu cu v thit k Phng php lp trnh, kim th v xt duyt Qun l pht trin S dng mi trng bn ngoi Vn hnh h thng Bo tr h thng Cc giao thc v kim sot truyn tin M ho v truyn tin Mng (LAN v WAN) Thit b truyn thng Phn mm mng Cc m hnh CSDL Ngn ng CSDL Qun tr CSDL

6. An ninh v chun ho

1.An ninh

6-1-1 6-1-2 6-1-3

An ninh Qun l ri ro Hng dn Chun ho lin quan n pht trin v giao dch Chun ho lin quan n c s cho h thng thng tin Chun ho v d liu Cc t chc ha Qun tri kinh doanh Chin lc tin hc ha K ton ti chnh K ton qun l H thng IE v OR (nghin cu hot ng) S dng h thng thng tin H thng k ngh H thng kinh doanh Truyn thng thng tin Quyn s hu tr tu Ngi lao ng Giao dch An ninh (bo mt) Cc lut khc v vn o c ngnh ngh

2.Chun ha

6-2-1 6-2-2 6-2-3 6-2-4

7. Tin hc ho v qun l

1.chin lc thng tin

7-1-1 7-1-2

2.K ton

7-2-1 7-2-2

3.Cng ngh qun l 4.S dng h thng thng tin

7-3-1 7-4-1 7-4-2 7-4-3

5. Cc iu lut v quy nh c lin quan

7-5-1 7-5-2 7-5-3 7-5-4 7-5-5 7-5-6

CU HI

Cu 1: 1-1-1 Chuyn i gi tr v biu din d liu Khi cho s nh phn 11001011 dch chuyn s hc sang phi 2 bit, sau tip tc dch chuyn lgic sang tri 2 bit, th kt qu ca php tnh l p n no di y? A. 11001000 B. 11001111 C. 00111011 D. 00111100 E. 00111000 Cu 2: 1-1-1 Chuyn i gi tr v biu din d liu Kt qu ca php tnh 100 ca h thp phn (c s 10) tr i 2C ca h thp lc phn (16) v sau tr tip 70 ca h bt phn (c s 8) s l bao nhiu? A: nh phn 10000000 B: t phn 21 C: bt phn 0 D: thp lc phn A E: thp lc phn 11 Cu 3: 1-1-1 Chuyn i gi tr v biu din d liu Gi tr tng ng vi kt qu php tr di y l bao nhiu? (1234)16 - (10101010101)2 A (1100 1101 0000)2 B (6006)8 C (2005)10 D (CDF)16 E (SOS)16

Cu 4: 1-1-1 Chuyn i gi tr v biu din d liu Gi tr biu din s 110 h thp phn trong h bt phn c 4 ch s l gi tr no di y? A 0156 B 0701 C 1010 D 1100 E 1101 Cu 5: 1-1-1 Chuyn i gi tr v biu din d liu C 2 s biu th s m bng phn b 2 l 01011000 v 10010100. S thp phn th hin tng ca 2 s ny l p n no? Tuy nhin, bit u s l bit du (0 l dng, 1 l m). A -11 B +11 C -20 D +20 7

+21

Cu 6: 1-1-1 Chuyn i gi tr v biu din d liu Trong cc php tnh nh phn di y, php tnh no khng pht sinh nh (carry) A 10001 + 110 B 1111 + 1000 C 1101 + 11 D 1010 + 110 Cu 7: 1-1-1 Chuyn i gi tr v biu din d liu Khi hon chuyn gi tr biu th bng s du phy ng 32-bit (theo xut ca IEEE) di y sang dng biu th vi lu tha c s 2, th s thu c p n no?. 0 10001010 10100000000000000000000 A -(1.625)10 x 211 B +(1.625)10 x 211 C -(1.101)2 x 212 D +(1.101)2 x 212 E +(1.101)10 x 212

Cu 8: 1-1-1 Chuyn i gi tr v biu din d liu biu din mt con s no di dng s thp phn khoanh vng (zone decimal notation), th cn 6 byte. Vy biu din con s di dng s thp phn ng gi (packed decimal notation), cn bao nhiu byte? A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 E.5 Cu 9: 1-1-2 Thng tin v lgic Biu Ven cho bit mch NOR tng ng vi hnh v no ?

A
C

B
D

A
E

Cu 10: 1-1-2 Thng tin v lgic Trong s biu th s thay i trng thi nhim v (Task State Transition), vic gn (assignment) quyn s dng CPU cho nhim v, s tng ng l cng on no t A n E di y? Ngt SVC Kt thc nhim B A Pht sinh nhim
Trng thi sn sng

Trng thi chy D C E Trng thi

Cu 11: 1-2-1 Cu trc d liu p n no di y l cu trc d liu vo trc ra trc (Fist In First Out). A. Binary Tree (cy nh phn) B. Multiway Tree (cy a hng) C. Array (mng) D. Queue (hng i) E. Stack (ngn xp)

Cu 12: 1-2-1 Cu trc d liu Phn t b xo khi danh sch nh phn t c trong s di y gi l g?

A. B. C. D. E.

Thay i v tr con tr Fragmentation (phn mnh) Defragmentation (kh phn mnh) Synonym (ng ngha) Dead lock (Kha cht) Gabbage (thng rc)

Cu 13: 1-2-1 Cu trc d liu Cho 5 s 5,6,7,8,9 vo ngn xp theo th t nh vy, ch s c ly ra th 4 l s no? A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8 E. 9 Cu 14: 1-2-1 Cu trc d liu Gn cc ch s t 1~9 vo cy nh phn di y. Ch s nhp vo nt C l s bao nhiu? Vi iu kin phn t nhnh bn tri < phn t trong nt < phn t nhnh bn phi.

A. 5

B. 6

C. 7

D. 8

E. 9

10

Cu 15: 1-2-1 Cu trc d liu Nu b sung phn t 4 vo v tr nh du * trong ng (heap), th phn t v tr A l bao nhiu A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 9 E.12

6 12 19 14

17

13

30

Cu 16: 1-2-1 Cu trc d liu Biu thc s hc thu c khi v cy nh phn hon chnh (perfect binary tree) theo trnh t trung gian l p n no?

A. A+ B x C D E F B. (A + B x C) (D - (E - F)) C. (A + B) x C (D - E) F D. (A + B) x C D - (E - F) E. A + (B x C) (D - E) F Cu 17: 1-2-2 Gii thut Tin hnh sp xp trong my tnh bng thut ton sp xp ni bt (bubble sort), th 1000 d liu mt 1 giy. Nu sp xp 5000 d liu tng t th phi mt bao nhiu lu? A. 1.5 giy B. 5 giy 11

C. 10 giy D. 25 giy E. 125 giy Cu 18: 1-2-2 Gii thut Cn sp xp cc d liu di y theo th t tng dn. Trong phng php Basic Exchange Method (bubble sort), vic thc hin chuyn i v tr ca d liu pht sinh bao nhiu ln? Ch s di D liu A. B. C. D. E. 5 ln 6 ln 7 ln 8 ln 9 ln 1 15 2 5 3 11 4 12 5 7

Cu 19: 1-2-2 Gii thut Khi x l bng my tnh, c mt s thao tc x l rt hay c thc hin. Trong cc thao tc x l ny, s to ra nhiu thut ton (algorithm), vy p n no di y l thut ton tm ra ng dn ngn nht bng dng biu ? A. Quick Sort (sp xp nhanh) B. Binary Search (tm kim nh phn) C. Phng php Boyer - Moore D. Phng php thut ton Greedy E. Phng php tm kim Dijkstra Cu 20: 1-2-2 Gii thut Khi tm kim bng cha 5000 d liu bng php tm kim nh phn (binary search method), s ln so snh bnh qun s l bao nhiu? Log102 = 0.3010 A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D. 11 E. 12 Cu 21: 1-2-2 Gii thut Trong php bm (Hash method), vic thu c gi tr bm ging nhau t cc kha khc nhau c gi l hin tng xung t (synonym). Phng php trnh hin tng trn l g? 12

A. B. C. D. E.

Linear Programming (lp trnh tuyn tnh) Chain Method (phng php chui) Linear Search Method (phng php tm kim tuyn tnh) Invariant assertion method (Phng php xc nhn bt bin ) Dynamic programming (Phng php lp trnh ng)

Cu 22: 1-2-2 Gii thut Hm bm tng ng ca s c 3 ch s ( a1 a2 a3 ) l mod (a1 + a2 + a3 , 5 ). Vi cc t hp s di y, gi tr bm b xung t l trng hp no? A. 881 v 509 B. 913 v 426 C. 731 v 429 D. 102 v 297 E. 677 v 388 Cu 23: 1-2-2 Gii thut nh ngha hm quy (recursive function) F(n) nh sau: Nu n > 0, th F(n) = n x F(n - 1) Nu n = 0, th F(n) = 1 Khi , F(5) s bng bao nhiu? A. 120 B. 15 C. 1 D. 5 E. 24 Cu 24: 2-1-1 Thit b thng tin K hiu mch s hc AND (AND arithmetic circuit) tng ng vi hnh v no di y? A. B. X Y C. Z

HA

X Y

X Y

D.

X Y Z

FA

Z 13

Cu 25: 2-1-1 Cc h iu hnh Con chip MPU (CPU) u tin trn th gii do Shima Masatoshi v Ted Hoff lm vic ti mt doanh nghip M pht minh ra vo nm 1971. Con chip u tin c s dng tnh ton trong Accumulator c dung lng 4 bit. Sau , doanh nghip tung ra con chip MPU c dung lng 32 bit u tin vo nm 1988 l doanh nghip no? A. Texas Instrument B. Intel C. Motorola D. AMD E. IBM Cu 26: 2-1-2 Kin trc b x l nh dng lnh sau y ln COMET, my tnh ton o calculation virtual ti cc thanh ghi trc khi thc hin cc dng lnh s nh sau: Lnh: LD GRO, GR1 Ni dung ca GRO l 2; ni dung ca GR1 l 5 Ni dung ca GR2 l 8 Con s ghi ti GRO sau khi thc hin dng lnh l p n no? A: 2 B: 5 C: 7 D: 8 E: 9

Ni dung

Cu 27: 2-1-2 Kin trc b x l Thanh ghi l vng lu tm thi nhng d liu trong b x l. Trong cc thanh ghi di y, ci no s duy tr tnh trng kt qu ca php ton? A. Thanh ghi a nng (General-purpose Register) B. Thanh ghi yu cu ngt (Interruption Request Register) C. Thanh ghi s hc (Arithmetic Register) D. Thanh ghi ch mc (Index Register) E. Thanh ghi c (Flag Register) Cu 28: 2-1-2 Kin trc b x l K thut tng tc chy ca my tnh th hin s di y tng ng vi p n no? Tm np (fetch) Gii m (decode) Tm np Thc hin (operation) Gii m Tm np Thc hin Gii m Tm np 14 Thc hin Gii m Thc hin

Thc hin lnh th 2 Thc hin lnh th 1 A. ng ng lnh B. MIPS C. Tng nhp ng h (clock-up) D. CISC E. CPU a nng Cu 29: 2-1-2 Kin trc b x l Thi gian x l trong trng hp chy mt chng trnh gm 10 triu dng lnh trn my tnh 30 MIPS l bao nhiu lu? Vi t l s dng b x l l 85%, khng tnh n ph ti (overhead) ca OS. S thp phn s lm trn ch s th 3. A. 0.04 B. 0.06 C. 0.39 D. 0.63 E. 0.93 Cu 30: 2-1-2 Kin trc b x l Khi lp thm nhng linh kin di y tng tnh nng x l khi s dng chng trnh bng tnh (spreadsheet program), linh kin no khng c lin quan n vic tng tnh nng? A. SIMM B. DIMM C. Over drive processor D. Cc hnh (video card) E. Cc m thanh (sound card) Cu 31: 2-1-2 Kin trc b x l Ngt c ngha l vic CPU tm dng mt chng trnh ang chy, chy mt chng trnh khc. Trong s cc lnh ngt sau y, lnh no pht sinh do thao tc ca ngi qun l h thng? A. Ngt chng trnh B. Ngt ng h C. Ngt vo-ra D. Ngt SVC E. Ngt bn giao tip gia ngi v my (console) Cu 32: 2-1-2 Kin trc b x l Trong s cc k thut tng tc my tnh di y, ci no cn s dng chip RISC. Hy 15

chn hai p n. A. Cache memory (B nh m n) B. VLIW C. ng ng lnh D. Dch ti u E. Super scalar architecture (Kin trc siu v hng) Cu 33: 2-1-3 Kin trc b nh B (byte) l n v th hin ln v d liu x l trong my tnh, 1B = 8bit. Vy, 0.5GB bng khong bao nhiu bit? A 3,200,000 bit B 50,000,000 bit C 3,200,000,000 bit D 4,000,000,000 bit E 5,000,000,000 bit Cu 34: 2-1-3 Kin trc b nh Vi nhng iu kin di y, thi gian bnh qun truy cp vo b nh ca CPU l bao nhiu lu? T l truy cp b nh m n (cache memory) = 0.7 Thi gian truy cp vo b nh m n Tc = 10ns Thi gian truy cp vo b nh chnh Tm = 50ns A. 22ns B. 34ns C. 40ns D. 46ns E. 70ns Cu 35: 2-1-3 Kin trc b nh B nh t nm gia b x l v b nh chnh, c tc dng gim bt s chnh lch v tc gia hai thit b trn l thit b no di y? A. Thanh ghi B. B nh m n C. B nh ngoi D. B m a E. Knh ni b (internal bus) Cu 36: 2-1-3 Kin trc b nh Cc b nh bn dn, ty theo mc ch s dng v c tnh, c chia lm mt s loi khc nhau. Loi thit b m ngay c khi b ngt in ngun, d liu vn khng b mt v 16

c th ghi chng ln bao nhiu ln cng c, l thit b no di y. A. Mask ROM B. SRAM C. DRAM D. Flash memory E. SIMM Cu 37: 2-1-3 Kin trc b nh SRAM (Static RAM) l mt loi RAM, c tc truy cp rt nhanh, nu khng b ngt in ngun, d liu s khng bao gi b mt. SRAM c to ra bng cch s dng loi mch no di y? A. Mch AND B. Mch lt (flip-flop) C. B cng y (full adder) D. B cng bn phn (half adder) E. Mch NOT Cu 38: 2-1-3 Kin trc b nh Thut ng th hin thao tc di y trong b nh ch l g? Chng trnh iu khin Chng trnh A Vng khng s dng Chng trnh B Vng khng s dng Vng khng s dng Vng khng s dng Chng trnh iu khin Chng trnh A Chng trnh B

A. B. C. D. E.

Lm gn b nh (memory compaction) Kh phn mnh (defragmentation) Gch cho (Thrashing) Tro i (swapping) Phn mnh (Fragmentation)

Cu 39: 2-1-3 Kin trc b nh Trong h thng lu tr o, p n no di y l thut ton nh s trang hiu qu nht? A. Phng php FIFO B. Phng php LIFO C. Phng php LRU D. Giao dch a ch ng (Dynamic Address Transaction) 17

E. Thay trang (Page Replacement)

Cu 40: 2-1-4 B nh ph (ngoi) Trong a t c c im di y, mt rnh c th lu c bao nhiu bn ghi? c im mt n v a t (Magnetic Disk Unit Specification): Dung lng lu tr tng ng vi mt rnh ghi Khong trng gia cc khi (Inter-Block Gap (IBG)) iu kin ca d liu lu tr di bn ghi H s khi (block factor) A. 40 B. 60 C. 80 D. 100 400 bytes 10 E. 120 28000 bytes 500 bytes

Cu 41: 2-1-4 B nh ph (ngoi) Trong a t c c im nh di y, thi gian truyn d liu (data transfer time) ca mt khi l bao nhiu lu? Dung lng lu tr trn mt rnh ghi (bytes) Tc quay (vng/pht) di bn ghi (bytes) H s khi (block factor) A. 18,75 mili giy D. 10 mili giy B. 15 mili giy E.7,5 mili giy C. 12,5 mili giy 20000 3200 1000 8

Cu 42: 2-1-4 B nh ph (ngoi) Thi gian tm kim trung bnh (average search time) ca a t c c im di y l bao nhiu lu? Tc quay 3000 vng/1 pht A. 5,0 mili giy D. 13,3 mili giy B. 6,3 mili giy E. 20,0 mili giy Thi gian trung bnh nh v u t vo rnh (average seek time) 8 mili giy C. 10,0 mili giy

Cu 43: 2-1-4 B nh ph ngoi Dung lng lu gi ca a mm c c im di y l p n no? - S mt lu gi 2 - S rnh trn mt mt 80 - S sector trn mt rnh 18 - Dung lng lu gi ca mt sector (byte) 1024 A. 640kB B. 1,2MB C.1,4MB D. 1,8MB E. 2,88MB 18

Cu 44: 2-1-4 B nh ph ngoi Trong s biu din tc bng t di y, phn biu th vic tng gim tc tng ng l phn no trong a t?
Tc Tc khng i Tc khng i Tc khng i

Gim tc Dng

Tng tc

Gim tc

Tng tc

Thi gian

A. Bn ghi vt l

B. EOT

C. Bn ghi lgc

D. BOT

E. IBG

Cu 45: 2-1-4 B nh ph ngoi lu tp di y vo mt a t vi mt lu tr l 4800BPI, di IBG l 0,25 inch, th a t cn c di l bao nhiu? - S khi 1000 khi - di bn ghi vt l 500 byte - H s khi 12 A. 1250 inch B. 1500 inch C. 1750 inch D. 2250 inch E. 2500 inch Cu 46: 2-1-4 B nh ph (ngoi) tng thng lng (throughput), phng php truyn d liu gia b nh ch vi thit b xut nhp tc thp thng qua b nh ph l p n no? A. POLLing B. BLOKing C. SWAPPing D. SPOOLing E. QUEUing Cu 47: 2-1-5 Kin trc v thit b vo / ra Trong s cc thit b cu to nn my tnh di y, thit b kt hp gia b iu khin (controller) v b s hc (arithmetic unit) l thit b no di y? A. B nh B. Thit b ra C. B x l D. Thit b vo E. Thit b dch Cu 48: 2-1-5 Kin trc v thit b vo / ra 19

Lu di y cho bit mi lin quan gia cc thit b cu to nn my tnh. Thit b hp A tng ng vi thit b no di y?

lung d liu A. B. C. D. E. B nh B x l Thit b ra B s hc B iu khin

lung iu khin

Cu 49: 2-1-5 Kin trc v thit b vo / ra Thao tc x l nhp v xut trong my tnh a nng, c thc hin thng qua knh (channel). Knh l b x l chuyn nhp v xut, hot ng song song vi CPU. p n no di y th hin vng lu tr nhng ch th do b x l a ra i vi knh? A. CSW B. CAW C. CAI D. CCW E. CAM Cu 50: 2-1-5 Kin trc v thit b vo / ra Thit b vo s dng c thng tin c nh du ghi trong bi thi hay phiu iu tra, l thit b no di y. A. OMR B. OCR C. Bng (tablet) D. My qut nh (image scanner) E. My nh s (digital camera) Cu 51: 2-1-5 Kin trc v thit b vo / ra Trong cc thit b vo s dng nhp d liu t bn ngoi vo my tnh, thit b dng 20

nhp thng tin bng cch chm tay ln mn hnh hin th, mt kiu rt hay c s dng ti cc my rt tin t ng (ATM) ca cc ngn hng l loi no di y? A. Tivi mn hnh phng B. Qu cu nh du (track ball) C. B s ha (digitizer) D. Mn hnh (Xc gic) (touch screen) E. Bt quang (light pen) Cu 52: 2-1-5 Kin trc v thit b vo / ra My tnh v cc thit b ngoi c kt ni vi nhau thng qua giao din vo-ra (IO interface). Trong s cc giao din vo-ra di y, tiu chun dng cho my o c c th kt ni chui cnh hoa (daisy-chain) l p n no di y? A. IDE B. Centronics C. IOBASE-T D. SCSI E. GPIB Cu 53: 2-1-5 Kin trc v thit b vo / ra Thit b mn hnh khng thch hp lm mi trng phn cng s dng GUI (Graphical User Interface) l thit b no di y? A. Mn hnh CRT B. Mn hnh tinh th lng LCD C. Mn hnh Plasma D. Mn hnh k t (character display) E. Mn hnh Multi-scan Cu 54: 2-1-5 Kin trc v thit b vo / ra Lng thng tin trn mt mn hnh hin th di dng High Color (16 bit) trn mn hnh VGA 640 x 480 l bao nhiu (1 KB = 1024 byte) A. Khong 600 KB B. Khong 900 KB C. Khong 1500 KB D. Khong 2100 KB E. Khong 3200 KB

21

Cu 55: 2-1-5 Kin trc v thit b vo / ra C rt nhiu kiu my in, vy loi no di y c trng cm quang bn trong my in? A. My in kim (dot matrix printer) B. My in phun (ink jet printer) C. My in nhit D. My in dng (line printer) E. My in laze Cu 56: 2-1-5 Kin trc v thit b vo / ra Tuyn i ra t CPU v ni n thanh ghi hay cc thit b xung quanh c gi l g?
RAM ROM

I/O

CPU Giao din Thit b iu khin mn hnh

Bng m rng

A. B. C. D. E.

Knh (bus) Bng mch chnh IOBASE-2 Ethernet Serial Cable

Cu 57: 2-1-5 Kin trc v thit b vo / ra Ngi ta dng rt nhiu loi n v biu th tnh nng ca my tnh v cc thit b xung quanh. Trong cc n v di y, n v no c s dng th hin tc in ca my tnh. Hy chn 2 p n. A. cpi B. cps C. ppm D. dpi E. bps Cu 58: 2-1-6 Kiu v tnh cht ca my tnh Loi my tnh hin nay c ng dng H thng chng trnh lu tr (Stored Program System) v H thng iu khin tun t (Sequential Control System) l loi no di y? A. Siu my tnh (supercomputer) B. My tnh kiu Neumann C. My trm (workstation) D. My tnh a nng E. My tnh n-ron 22

Cu 59: 2-2-1 Cc h iu hnh Mt trong nhng mc ch chnh ca OS l nhm tng khi lng cng vic c th x l trong mt n v thi gian. Do , p n no di y th hin khi lng cng vic? A. Thi gian hot ng ca H iu hnh trong qu trnh x l (Overhead) B. Thi gian p ng (response time) C. Thi gian quay vng (turnaround time) D. Thi gian ri ca my tnh (idling time) E. Thng lng (throughput) Cu 60: 2-2-1 Cc h iu hnh Khi khi ng my, h iu hnh s lu rt nhiu loi thng tin nh thi gian bt u cng vic, thi gian kt thc cng vic, thng bo a ra Nhng thng tin ny c gi l g? Hy chn 2 p n A. Supervisor call B. S nht k (journal) C. Bn ghi (log) D. PSW E. Cun d liu (spool) Cu 61: 2-2-1 Cc h iu hnh Trong s cc h iu hnh (OS) l phn mm qun l ti nguyn ca my tnh, lm cho n hot ng hiu qu hn, th loi no di y khng c s dng cho my tnh c nhn? A. Windows XP B. Linux C. MVS D. MS-DOS E. OS/2 Cu 62: 2-2-1 Cc h iu hnh Ngi ta gi cng vic x l mt ln do ngi dng thc hin l job. Ngi dng s s dng ci g nhp job? A. Job Management B. Job Scheduling C. Job Step D. Job Control Language E. JIS Cu 63: 2-2-1 Cc h iu hnh Trong h iu hnh (OS), i vi h thng qun l tp tin bng th mc c cu trc phn 23

tng, p n no di y cho bit v tr s dng hin ti? A. Knh (bus) B. Th mc hin thi C. Th mc con D. Th mc gc E. Cy th mc Cu 64: 2-2-1 Cc h iu hnh p n no di y l chng trnh la chn nhim v cn thc hin theo th t u tin, trong tnh trng c nhiu nhim v cng mt lc? A. Task control block - Khi kim sot tc v B. Dispatcher - B gi pht C. Round Robin - Quay vng D. Time Slice - Lt thi gian E. Task State - Trng thi tc v Cu 65: 2-2-2 Qun l tp C nhiu cch phn loi tp nh da vo cch dng, cch t chc hay tnh cht Vy tp no di y l tp c xy dng nhm lu mt cch tm thi cc kt qu trung gian? A. Tp tm thi (temporary file) B. Tp nn (compressed file) C. Tp chia s (sharing file) D. Tp thng xuyn (permanent file) E. Tp h thng (system file) Cu 66: 2-2-2 Qun l tp Trong my tnh a nng, ngi ta gi n v lgc to tp tin l g? Trong n v ny c 4 loi l di c nh, di bin i, di khng xc nh, bn ghi m rng (spanned record). A. Trng d liu B. B a C. Bn ghi vt l D. Bn ghi lgc E. Khi Cu 67: 2-2-2 Qun l tp Trong cc hnh thc lu gi tp dng nh di y, nu lu thnh nh tnh, th dung lng tp ln nht s l p n no? A. JPEG B. BMP 24

C. PNG D. GIF E. MPEG Cu 68: 2-2-2 Qun l tp C nhiu phng php t chc tp (file organization method), mi phng php c mt c trng ring. Trong s cc phng php t chc tp di y, phng php no c th s dng cho c trng hp bng t? A. Phng php truy nhp tun t (sequential access) B. Phng php t chc phn hoch (partional organization) C. Phng php truy nhp trc tip (direct access) D. Phng php t chc theo ch mc (indexed organization) E. Phng php truy nhp lu gi o (virtual storage access) Cu 69: 2-2-2 Qun l tp Tp c cu thnh t mt s vng. p n no di y khng phi l vng cu thnh nn mt tp t chc theo ch mc? Hy chn hai p n. A. Th mc (directory) B. Vng d liu chnh (prime data area) C. Vng ch mc (index area) D. Vng trn (overflow area) E. Vng thnh vin (member area) Cu 70: 2-2-2 Qun l tp Tp VSAM (Virtual storage access method - Phng php truy nhp lu gi o) l phng php t chc tp bao gm cc hnh thc nh truy nhp tun t, truy nhp trc tip hay t chc theo ch mc p n no di y trnh by phng php t chc tp ny? A. Cu thnh t vng thnh vin (member area) v th mc (directory) B. Cu thnh t vng d liu chnh, vng ch mc v vng trn C. Truy nhp trc tip vo bn ghi thng qua a ch ca bn ghi D. C 4 loi l ESDS, RRDS, KSDS, LDS. E. Truy nhp theo th t c ghi vo theo kiu vt l Cu 71: 2-2-2 Qun l tp Nu nhiu tin trnh cng truy nhp vo mt ngun, th kt qu thu c thng b sai lch. Chc nng trnh tnh trng ny gi l chc nng kim sot loi tr (exclusive control). N cn c gi l Semaphore (bin bo hiu). Tuy nhin, do c chc nng ny m s dn n trng hp c t 2 tin trnh tr ln s cng i i tc tr ngun, khin khng th tip tc thc hin php tnh c. Hin tng ny gi l g? A. Partition (Phn hoch) 25

B. C. D. E.

Swapping (Tro i) Deadlock (Cht tc) Overlay (Trn) Paging (Phn trang)

Cu 72: 2-3-1 Cng ngh cu hnh h thng V phng php x l theo l bng cch tch lu d liu ri x l mt ln, hnh thc x l minh ho trong s di y gi l g?
Ng.dng

Thao tc vin

Yu cu thao tc
Thao tc my

My tnh

A. B. C. D. E.

Phng php cafeteria theo l t xa (remote batch) l m (open batch) l trung tm (center batch) l ng (closed batch)

Cu 73: 2-3-1 Cng ngh cu hnh h thng H thng x l giao dch trc tuyn (OLTP) c s dng trong nghip v no? Hy chn p n thch hp. A. H thng rt tin gi ti ngn hng B. Qun l vn hnh tu C. X l ng thi cc qu trnh t nhiu ngi dng n CPU D. Tch lu d liu ri x l mt ln E. Tch lu d liu ca ngi dng cui, gi n my tnh qua mng, ri x l mt ln Cu 74: 2-3-1 Cng ngh cu hnh h thng Ngi ta gi k thut lp nhiu CPU nng cao tnh nng, l k thut a b x l (multi processor). B a x l s dng trong siu my tnh tnh ton khoa hc l p n no? A. Tandem Connection Processor B. Array Computer C. Tightly Coupled Multiprocessor D. Loosely Coupled Multiprocessor E. Duplex Processor System 26

Cu 75: 2-3-2 Hiu nng ca h thng Trong phng php x l theo l, thi gian k t lc yu cu my tnh thc hin mt lot cng vic, cho ti khi nhn c kt qu x l gi l g? A. Thi gian p ng (response time) B. Thng lng (Throughput) C. Thi gian quay vng (Turn around time) D. Overhead (Ph ti) E. Overhead time (Thi gian ph ti) Cu 76: 2-3-2 Hiu nng ca h thng: ng cong biu th s bin ng ca t l s c gi l g?
T l s c S c ln u

S c xy ra ngu nhin

S c do xung cp

Thi gian

A. ng cong Gomperz D. ng cong logistic

B. Biu hnh ch Z C. S backman E. ng cong bn tm (bathtub)

Cu 77: 2-3-2 Hiu nng ca h thng Trong l thuyt hng i, phng php k hiu s hc dng m t m hnh hng i l p n no? A. Phng php k hiu Kendall (Kendalls Notation) B. Phng php k hiu Ba Lan (Polish Notation) C. Phng php k hiu Ba Lan o ngc (Reverse Polish Notation) D. Phng php k hiu nh phn (Binary Notation) E. Dng thc Backus Naur (Backus Naur Form) Cu 78: 2-3-3 tin cy ca h thng v hiu qu chi ph Trong cc biu di y, biu no biu th ng cong gia tng tin cy (reliability growth curve).

27

Cu 79: 2-3-3 tin cy ca h thng v hiu qu chi ph Khi h thng b trc trc, vic dng h thng li m bo an ton, trnh tnh trng b tn tht ln hn nu tip tc x l, c gi l g? A. File Protection (Bo v tp) B. Fault Tolerance (Kh nng chu ng sai st) C. Fault Avoidance (Trnh hng) D. Fail Soft (Hng mm) E. Fail Safe (Hng an ton) Cu 80: 2-3-3 tin cy ca h thng v hiu qu chi ph T sut vn hnh (operating ratio) l n v nh gi kh nng vn hnh. Nu MTBF (thi gian trung bnh gia cc ln trc trc) ca mt h thng l 190 gi, v MTTR (thi gian trung bnh sa cha) l 10 gi, th t sut vn hnh ca h thng ny l bao nhiu? A. 5% B. 9,5% C. 19% D. 20% E. 95% Cu 81: 2-3-3 tin cy ca h thng v hiu qu chi ph Bn h thng con (sub system) W,X,Y,Z c ni vi nhau nh s di y. Nu t sut vn hnh ca cc h thng ln lt l: W=0,7 X=0,8 Y=0,8 X=0,7 th t sut vn hnh ca ton h thng l bao nhiu? Lm trn s thp phn, ly n 3 ch s. A. 0,41 W B. 0,68 C. 0,75 D. 0,95 X Y E. 0,96 28 Z

Cu 82: 2-3-3 tin cy ca h thng v hiu qu chi ph H thng N trong M c ngha l mt h thng mc song song, trong nu trong s M h thng con, c N h thng hot ng tt th c h thng s hot ng c. Xc xut hot ng ca h thng 3 trong 4 l p n no? Lm trn n 2 ch s. A. 13% B. 25% C. 31% D. 38% E. 44% Cu 83: 2-4-1 H thng a phng tin Thao tc son tho cc k t, hnh nh, m thnh thnh ni dung a phng tin (multi media content) l p n no? A. Trnh by (presentation) B. ho (graphic) C. Hot nh (animation) D. Tc gi (authoring) E. Duyt (browsing) Cu 84: 2-4-1 H thng a phng tin Lng d liu nh m thanh, hnh nh, nh ng s dng trong h thng a phng tin l rt ln. Do vy, k thut nn l rt quan trng. Phng php nn nh tnh mu a nng do ISO tiu chun ho l p n no di y? A. GIF B. JPEG C. MMR D. MPEG E. Run Length Cu 85: 3-1-1 Ngn ng Ngn ng bc cao c tnh c lp so vi phn cng rt cao, c th m t mt cch n gin bng mt th ngn ng gn ging vi ngn ng t nhin ca con ngi. Trong s cc ngn ng sau y, ngn ng no khng phi l ngn ng bc cao? Hy chn 2 p n. A. COBOL B. Assembly Language C. Fortran D. Prolog E. Machine Language Cu 86: 3-1-1 Ngn ng 29

Ty vo phng php lp trnh, c th chia ngn ng phi th tc thnh nhiu loi nh. Trong s cc ngn ng di y, loi no bao gm LISP? A. Object Oriented Language B. Functional Program Language C. Machine Oriented Language D. Tabular Form Language E. Logical Program Language Cu 87: 3-1-1 Ngn ng Chng trnh dng chuyn chng trnh ngun c vit bng ngn ng bc cao thnh ngn ng my hay ngn ng trung gian l p n no di y? A. Chng trnh dch hp ng (Assembler) B. Chng trnh bin dch (Compiler) C. Chng trnh thng dch (Interpreter) D. Generater E. Translater Cu 88: 3-1-1 Ngn ng Tiu chun k t in t lm c s cho HTML cho CERN ca Thu S pht minh ra, chuyn dng m t trang web internet l g? A. UNC B. URL C. HDLC D. ARC E. SGML Cu 89: 3-1-1 Ngn ng Trong cc th (tag) dng m t HTML di y, ci no biu th s xung dng? A. <IMG> B. <HEAD> C. <BR> D. <BODY> E. <P> Cu 90: 3-1-1 Ngn ng Trong cc loi cu to chng trnh, cu to trong mc d cho chy mt chng trnh ng thi vi nhiu quy trnh khc nhau, nhng mi quy trnh u cho ra mt kt qu ng, l cu to no? A. ng dng (reentrant) B. quy (recursive) 30

C. Ti nh v (relocatable) D. Ti s dng (reusable) E. Ti s dng ni tip (serial reusable) Cu 91: 3-1-2 Gi phn mm Trong chng trnh bng tnh, c th thit lp dng thc cho cc trong tng trang tnh (sheet). Trong cc mc di y, ci no khng c coi l dng thc? A. Cng thc tnh ton B. Phng ch (font) C. Kiu hin th D. ng vin E. Bo v kho (lock protection) Cu 92: 3-1-2 Gi phn mm Trong bng c to bng chng trnh bng tnh, cng thc tnh =SUM ($A1:A3) ghi ti A4 v hin th nh di y. Khi copy A4 sang C4 th C4 hin th thnh 45. Lc ny, nhp vo B4 cng thc =AVERAGE ($A1:A3). Nu copy B4 sang C4 th C4 s hin th s bao nhiu. A 1 2 3 4 A. 3.5 B. 5 1 2 3 6 C. 6.5 D. 21 E. 45 B 4 5 6 C 7 8 9

Cu 93: 3-1-2 Gi phn mm Trong bng c to bng chng trnh bng tnh, C1 l cng thc =SUM(A1:$B$2). Khi copy C1 C2, th C2 hin th kt qu 7. Nu copy C1 sang C3, th C3 hin th kt qu l bao nhiu? A 1 2 3 4 A. 11 B. 18 1 3 5 7 C. 26 B 2 4 6 8 D. 33 E. 36 C 10

31

Cu 94: 3-1-3 Mi trng pht trin Cng c CASE Computer Aided Software Engineering l cng c h tr vic pht trin phn mm v bo tr phn mm. Trong cc cng c CASE di y, cng c no h tr vic vn hnh sau pht trin h thng. A. Cng c CASE trn B. Cng c CASE di C. Cng c CASE tch hp D. Cng c CASE bo tr E. Cng c CASE chung Cu 95: 3-1-3 Mi trng pht trin Trong giai on kim th chng trnh, p n no di y khng phi l cng c h tr kim th nh h tr g ri (debug), chn on chng trnh (cng c g ri, h tr g ri)? A. Inspector B. Dump routine C. Theo di (tracer) D. Trnh to d liu kim th (test data generator) E. Trnh dch v (service program) Cu 96: 3-1-4 K thut pht trin Trong lnh vc pht trin h thng, c mt s m hnh ty theo cch tin hnh thao tc pht trin. p n no di y l m hnh trong pht trin bng cch lp i lp li cc quy trnh pht trin? A. Wire Frame Model B. Waterfall Model C. Prototype Model D. Spiral Model E. Client Server Model Cu 97: 3-1-4 K thut pht trin Trnh t thao tc theo m hnh Waterfall l p n no? A. K hoch c s thit k bn ngoi thit k chng trnh thit k bn trong lp trnh kim th B. K hoch c s thit k bn ngoi thit k bn trong thit k chng trnh lp trnh kim th C. Bo gi hp ng sn xut giao hng x l khiu ni qun l khch hng D. Bo gi x l khiu ni sn xut hp ng giao hng qun l khch hng 32

E. K hoch pht trin vn hnh v bo dng sa cha tnh ton chi ph hy b v thay th Cu 98: 3-1-4 K thut pht trin p n no di y khng phi l thao tc thit k thuc thit k bn ngoi? A. Thit k m hnh d liu lgc B. Thit k hnh thc giao din C. Thit k dng thc u ra (ouput format) D. Thit k d liu vt l E. nh ngha h thng con Cu 99: 3-1-5 Cc k thut phn tch yu cu v thit k Trong s lung d liu di y, ci no biu th X1 v X2?

Y1

X1

Y2

X2

Y3

A) Lung d liu (data flow) C) Thc th d liu (data entity) E) X l (process)

B) Lu tr d liu (data store) D). Ngun d liu (data source)

Cu 100: 3-1-5 Cc k thut yu cu v thit k Trong cc kiu ghi ca bn ghi ng k vo cc phng tin lu tr, ty theo hnh thc lu ca bn ghi lgc , chia lm 4 loi di y. Trong , p n no di y c th kt ni ti nhiu khi ca phng tin lu tr lu tr bn ghi lgc. A. Bn ghi c di c nh (fixed length record) B. Bn ghi bao trm (spanned record) C. Bn ghi c di bin i (variable length record) D. Bn ghi c di khng xc nh (undefined length record) E. Khng phi l cc p n trn. Cu 101: 3-1-5 Cc k thut yu cu v thit k Phn hoch chng trnh thnh mt s m un. Trong s cc bn (strength) ca chng trnh ti phng php phn hoch ny, khi chng trnh c hnh thnh nh rt nhiu chc nng tun t, bn no c tc dng kt ni tng tnh nng vi nhau thng 33

qua d liu? A. bn thi gian (time strength) B. bn th tc (procedural strength) C. bn trao i (communicative strength) D. bn thng tin (informational strength) E. bn chc nng (functional strength) Cu 102: 3-1-5 Cc k thut yu cu v thit k Trong s cc b phn nhp trn mn hnh s dng ti GUI ca MS-Windows, loi no di y c s dng khi phi la chn duy nht mt trong nhiu phng n la chn c nh? A. B. C. D. E. Hp kt hp (combo box) Nt bm radio (radio button) Hp nh du (check box) Hp k t (text box) Menu ko xung (pulldown menu)

Cu 103: 3-1-5 Cc k thut yu cu v thit k Tu theo quan im phn hoch (partioning), c rt nhiu phng php phn hoch m un khi tin hnh thit k cu trc ca chng trnh. Trong s cc phng php di y, ci no l phng php phn hoch gn vi cu trc ca d liu? Hy chon 2 p n A. B. C. D. E. Phng php phn hoch STS Phng php Warnier Phng php phn hoch theo hm dng chung Phng php Jackson Phng php phn hoch theo giao tc

Cu 104: 3-1-5 Cc k thut yu cu v thit k Trong s cc phng php phn hoch m un khi tin hnh thit k cu trc ca chng trnh, phng php phn hoch STS l phng php trong s phn hoch chng trnh thnh 3 phn. Cch kt hp cc phn phn phn hoch no l ng? A. La chn (select), bin i ( transform), b cha (sink) B. La chn (select), dch (translation), b cha (sink) C. Ngun (source), bin i( transform), b cha (sink) D. Ngun (source), kim tra (test), b cha (sink) E. Ngun (source) ,dch (translation), lin tc( serial) Cu 105: 3-1-5 Cc k thut yu cu v thit k Trong nh l cu trc, c nh ngha 3 cu trc iu khin c bn, v s dng 2 cu trc 34

b sung. Kiu cu trc lgc trong s di y tng ng l p n no? A. B. C. D. Kiu cu trc a nhnh (multi-branch type) Khng Kiu lp li (repeat Kiu vng lp type) E. Kiu la chn type) F. Kiu tun t (sequential type)
X l

X l c thc hin X ln?

until type) (Do-while (selective

Cu 106: 3-1-5 Cc k thut phn tch yu cu v thit k Kiu s trong cho bit mi quan h gia cc d liu nh di y gi l g? A. DFD B. HIPO C. ERD D. Biu tin trnh (lu - flowchart) E. Biu NS (NS chart)

0.0 Tr lng

1.0 X l vic

2.0 Tnh thng

1.1 DATA

1.2 DATA

2.1 Tnh

2.2 Tnh

Cu 107: 3-1-5 Cc k thut phn tch yu cu v thit k Giao din m phn cng cung cp cho ngi dng c gi l giao din con ngi (human interface). Trong s cc thut ng di y, t no khng c lin quan n giao din con ngi ? A. WYSIWYG B. MMI C. GUI D. CUI E. API Cu 108: 3-1-6 Phng php lp trnh, kim th v xt duyt Tu theo phm vi i tng kim tra v mc ch kim tra, quy trnh kim tra c chia thnh 5 quy trnh nh na. Trong cc quy trnh kim tra di y, ci no s do ngi dng tin hnh. Hy chn 2 p n 35

A. B. C. D. E.

Kim tra tch hp (integration test) Kim tra h thng (system test) Kim tra vn hnh (operation test) Kim tra ph duyt (agreement test) Kim tra n th

Cu 109: 3-1-5 Cc k thut yu cu v thit k Trong kim tra t trn xung (top-down test), khi m un kim tra gi m un th cp, th ci no s m phng tnh nng ca m un c gi. A. Stub B. Trnh to d liu kim tra (test data generator) C. Phn sn (middleware) D. Trnh iu khin E. M phng (simulator) Cu 110: 3-1-6 Phng php lp trnh, kim th v xt duyt Khi tin hnh chnh sa, thay i, b sung thm tnh nng cho h thng hin c, php kim th no s nh gi cc tnh nng hin c xem chng c c thc hin ng n hay khng? A. Kim th tnh chu ng (endurance test) B. Kim th hi quy (regression test) C. Kim th hiu nng (performance test) D. Kim th t di ln (bottom up test) E. Kim th ti (load test) Cu 111: 3-1-6 Phng php lp trnh, kim th v xt duyt C nhiu cch to d liu cho thao tc kim th hp en. Cch no di y s ly gi tr bin thuc nhm ng tr lm d liu kim th. A. Bao trm tt c iu kin B. Phng php ln k hoch th nghim C. Biu nhn qu D. Phn tch gi tr gii hn E. Phn tch tng ng Cu 112: 3-1-7 Qun l pht trin Phng php kim tra xem gi tr d liu nhp c nm trong phm vi quy nh hay khng l p n no? A. Kim tra trng (overlap check) B. Kim tra gii hn (limit check) C. Kim tra s (numeric check) 36

D. Kim tra dng thc (format check) E. Kim tra i chiu

Cu 113: 3-1-7 Qun l pht trin Cn p k s kim tra cho d liu s 1914. Hng s gia trng l 1234, c s l 10. Tnh tch ca cc ch s d liu vi cc ch s ca hng s gia trng v tr ch s tng ng, ri tnh bnh qun. Ly s d ca php chia kt qu bnh qun cho c s lm k s kim tra (check digit) v gn vo pha ng sau d liu. Kt qu l p n no di y? A. 19140 B. 19141 C. 19145 D. 19146 E. 19148 Cu 114: 3-1-7 Qun l pht trin Trong mt t chc gm 21 thnh vin, nu khong kim sot (span of control) l 4, th tng qun l s c chia thnh my tng? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 Cu 115: 3-2-1 Vn hnh h thng RASIS gm cc ch ci u tin ca cc tnh nng, m phi c cc tnh nng ny mi c th yn tm s dng h thng my tnh. Tnh cht no di y khng c trong RASIS? A. Availability (Tnh c sn) B. Security (Tnh an ninh) C. Redundancy (Tnh d tha) D. Reliability (Tn tin cy) E. Serviceability (Tnh phc v c)

Cu 116: 3-2-1 Vn hnh h thng Trong x l giao tc c s d liu, t bn ch ci u ca 4 thao tc bt buc phi thc hin, ngi ta gi tt thnh c tnh ACID. A l Atomicity, I l Isolation, D l Durability. Vy C l g? A. Complementary 37

B. C. D. E.

Compact Construtive Clearly Consistency

Cu 117: 3-2-2 Bo tr h thng Trong quy trnh bo tr, thao tc c ra c t ca h thng, t phn mm c sn (ti liu v danh sch chng trnh program list document) tng ng l p n no? A. M hnh quy trnh (process model) B. G ri chng trnh (program debug) C. K ngh ngc (reverse engineering) D. Lm mu (prototyping) E. K ngh tin (forward engineering) Cu 118: 3-2-2 Bo tr h thng Trong s cc nhn vin thc hin nghip v bo tr, nhn vin ng vai tr l u mi h tr ngi dng l ai? A. Ngi chu trch nhim h thng B. Ngi qun l thay i C. Ngi bo tr D. Ngi qun l cu hnh E. Ngi qun l bo tr Cu 119: 3-3-2 Hiu nng ca h thng C mt a t c c im sau: Tc quay Thi quan quyt nh v tr bnh qun Dung lng lu tr trong mt rnh Dung lng lu tr trong mt cung t 5000 vng/pht 20 mili giy 15,000 bytes 500 bytes

c c d liu trong mt cung t, thi gian truy cp bnh qun cn l bao nhiu mili giy? A. 8.4 msec B. 12.4 msec C. 26.4 msec D. 33.4 msec E. 35.4 msec Cu 120: 4-1-1 Cc giao thc v kim sot truyn tin Trong cc th tuc iu khin thao tc truyn d liu p dng cho truyn k t, th tc no di y s dng 10 k t iu khin truyn v tin hnh gi nhn di dng tng tin 38

nhn mt? A. Th tuc c bn B. Th tuc HDLC C. Th tuc TTY D. Th tuc a mc ni (multi link) E. Th tuc SLP Cu 121: 4-1-1 Cc giao thc v kim sot truyn tin Tn gi ca (2) trong khung HDLC l g? (1) 8 bit (2) 8 bit (3) 8 bit (4) di tu chn (5) 8 bit (1) 8 bit

A. Trng thng tin (information field) (I) B. Dy c (flag sequence) (F) C. Xu kim tra khung (frame check) (FCS) D. Trng iu khin (control field) (C) E. Trng a ch (address field) (A) Cu 122: 4-1-1 Cc giao thc v kim sot truyn tin Trong th tc c bn, th tc iu khin truyn tiu biu, s tin hnh iu khin truyn da vo k t iu khin truyn quy nh trong ISO. Vy k t biu th s bt u ca khi d liu trong b phn d liu l g? A. STX B. ETX C. ACK D. ENQ A. SYN Cu 123: 4-1-1 Cc giao thc v kim sot truyn tin Trong m hnh tham chiu OS, ngi ta chia chc nng truyn ti thnh 7 tng, tng 5 l p n no di y? A. Tng phin (session layer) B. Tng mng (network) C. Tng trnh by (presentation layer) D. Tng vn chuyn (transport layer) E. Tng mc ni d liu (data-link layer) Cu 124: 4-1-1 Cc giao thc v kim sot truyn tin Cu trc phn tng ca TCP/IP gm 4 tng. Tng X v Y tng ng y l g? 39

Tng ng dng (application layer) X Y Tng giao din mng (network interface layer) A. B. C. D. E. X: Tng vn chuyn (transport layer) Y: Tng mc ni d liu X: Tng internet Y: Tng mc ni d liu X: Tng internet Y: Tng vn chuyn X: Tng vn chuyn Y: Tng internet X: Tng internet Y: Tng MAC

Cu 125: 4-1-1 Cc giao thc v kim sot truyn tin C mt s phng php truy nhp mng LAN. Trong cc phng php di y, phng php no cn c gi l phng php Ethernet? A. Phng php TDMA B. Phng php Token Ring C. Phng php Token Bus D. Phng php CSMA/CD E. Phng php CSMA/CA Cu 126: 4-1-1 Cc giao thc v kim sot truyn tin Cp Ethernet c chia thnh mt s loi tu theo cht lng cp hay tc truyn. p n no di y s dng loi cp xon i nhm 3? A. 10 BASE 2 B. 10 BASE 5 C. 10 BASE-T D. 100 BASE-FX E. 100 BASE-TX Cu 127: 4-1-1 Cc giao thc v kim sot truyn tin Trong cc giao thc internet di y, giao thc dng cho th in t l g? A. SMTP B. NNTP C. FTP D. HTTP E. SNMP Cu 128: 4-1-2 M ha v truyn tin Trong trng hp truyn tn hiu k thut s bng ng truyn tng t (analog line), 40

cn thc hin thao tc bin i tn hiu s thc (digital signal) thnh tn hiu tng t (analog signal). Phng php bin i thc hin nh s di y l p n no? 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0

Tn hiu s thc

Tn hiu iu bin

A. PM

B. PCM

C. FM

D. AM

E. ADPCM

Cu 129: 4-1-2 M ha v truyn tin ng b ho nhng li c ngha l khng ng b l p n no di y? A. ng b ho khung (frame sychronization) B. ng b ho bt u - kt thc ng b (start stop sychronization) C. ng b ho k t (character sychronization) D. ng b ha SYN (SYN sychronization) E. ng b ho c (flag sychronization) Cu 130: 4-1-2 M ha v truyn tin p n no di y l thao tc kim tra khng ch tin hnh tm kim li, m cn chnh sa c li? A. Phng php CRC B. Kim tra bit chn l l(odd parity check) C. Kim tra bit chn l theo chiu dc (longitudinal parity check) D. M Hamming E. Kim tra bit chn l theo chiu ngang (lateral parity check) Cu 131: 4-1-2 M ha v truyn tin Cn bao nhiu thi gian (start stop) c th truyn d liu vi 600 k t bng phng php bt u - kt thc, vi mch c tc truyn l 1200 bit / giy? Tuy nhin, vi iu kin d liu l 8 bit, khng c bit chn l. Bit bt u v bit kt thc cng l bit1. A. 0,4 giy B. 0,5 giy C. 1,5 giy D. 4 giy E. 5 giy Cu 132: 4-1-2 M ha v truyn tin Trong mch di y, c mt pht li pht sinh mt bit li. T l li bit l bao nhiu? Ly kt qu l s c hai ch s vi ch s hng th 3 c lm trn. 41

Modem Modem Thit b cui A Thit b cui B A. 8,6 x 10-7 A. 8,6 x 10-6 A. 8,6 x 10-5 A. 1,2 x 10-6 A. 1,1 x 10-5

c truy Cu 133: 4-1-2 M ha vTtruy n tinn: 14400 bit/giy Phng php chuyn mch thng ip (message switching) c chia thnh mch chuyn mng (switched circuit) v phng php lu v chuyn (store and forward). phn bit ch gi thng ip, p n no di y cha gi tr DLCI trong tng trng a ch (address refield) ca thng ip? A. Chuyn mch ATM B. DDX-C C. DDX-P D. Chuyn mch tip sng khung (frame relay) E. Chuyn mch STM Cu 134: 4-1-2 M ha v truyn tin Trong cc k thut to nhiu ng truyn lgic trong mt mch lgic tc cao, c mt phng php mang tn l phng php dn knh (multiplexing method). Phng php multiplexing truyn cc tn hiu c bc sng (wavelength) khc nhau trong cp quang l g? A. FDM B. OFDM C. CDM D. TDM E. WDM Cu 135: 4-1-3 Mng (LAN v WAN) Trong cc tp (topology) biu th tnh nng kt ni mng di y, ci no d thm bt nt mng (node) ng thi c tnh m rng cao?

42

A.

Hnh sao

B. Kiu li

C. Kiu vng

D. Kiu Bus

E. Hn hp

Cu 136: 4-1-3 Mng ( LAN v WAN) Hnh thc mng my tnh kt ni cc mng cch xa nhau l p n no di y? A. WAN B. MAN C. LAN D. JAN E. VAN Cu 137: 4-1-3 Mng ( LAN v WAN) V mng LAN khng dy, U ban IEEE802 lin tc tiu chun ho v to ra mt s tiu chun. Trong , tiu chun no di y s dng sng truyn thng 5GHz v c tc truyn ti a l 54Mb/giy? A. IEEE 802.11 B. IEEE 802.11a C. IEEE 802.11b D. IEEE 802.11g E. IMT2000 Cu 138: 4-1-4 Thit b truyn thng Trong cc thit b s dng truyn d liu di y, thit b no c lp t gia modem v ng truyn, thc hin thao tc gi tin v nhn tin, v gn y thng c lp bn trong modem? A. DCE B. DTE C. DSU D. NCU E. CCU

43

Cu 139: 4-1-4 Thit b truyn thng p no di y sp xp cc r le thao tc truyn mng theo trnh t sau: - R le tng vt l ca OSI - R le tng lin kt d liu - R le cho ti tng mng A. Cu (brigde), b lp (repeater), b chn ng (router) B. B lp, cu, b chn ng C. Cu , b chn ng, b lp D. Cu, b chuyn mch (switch), b chn ng E. B lp, b chn ng, kho chuyn mch Cu 140: 4-1-5 phn mm mng Khi xem trang ch trn internet, ngi ta s dng mt phn mm l trnh duyt (Browser). p n no di y khng phi l tn gi ca cng c trnh duyt? A. Mosaic B. Netscape Communication C. Open Office D. Opera E. Mozilla Cu 141: 5-1-1 Cc m hnh CSDL M hnh d liu quan h (relational data model) do E.F.Cold ca IBM pht minh ra nm 1970. y l m hnh trong ngi ta c th t do thoi mi kt hp cc d liu vi nhau v c th ng dng trn phm vi rng. Trong m hnh ny, s kt hp d liu vi tn gi no di y? A. Gc v Nhnh v Nt (Root & Branch & Node) B. Bn ghi v Mng v Tp (Record & Network & Set) C. Hng v Ct (Row & Column) D. Thc th v Quan h v Thuc tnh (Entity & Relation & Attributes) E. Quan h v B v Thuc tnh (Relation & Tuple & Attribute) Cu 142: 5-1-1 Cc m hnh CSDL D liu di y c x l n giai on no ca qu trnh chun ho? M nhn vin Tn nhn vin M chng ch Tn chng ch Ngy t chng ch

A. Khng chun ho B. Chun ha th 1 C. Chun ha th 2 D. Chun ha th 3 E. Chun ha th 4 44

Cu 143: 5-1-2 Ngn ng CSDL Khi m t SQL, ni thc hin cc thao tc x l c s d liu, ngi ta ch yu l m t thao tc tnh ton hm v tnh ton tp hp. p n no di y c xp vo thao tc tnh ton tp hp? A. La chn (selection) B. Chia (division) C. Kt ni (joint) D. Tch (product) E. Chiu (Projection) Cu 144: 5-1-2 Ngn ng CSDL Trong cc thao tc c s d liu lin quan, m t thch hp nht cho thao tc kt ni (joint) l p n no di y? B. Ch ly nhng dng tho mn iu kin C. Ch ly nhng ct c ch nh D. To bng mi lin kt cc dng vi cc mc chung c cng mt gi tr, t 2 bng tr ln E. Loi b nhng phn trng lp trn hai bng v ly ra tt c cc dng. F. Kt hp cc b ca 2 bng v to thnh mt bng. Cu 145: 5-1-2 Ngn ng CSDL SQL c cu thnh t 3 yu t l DDL (nh ngha c s d liu c lin quan), DCL (iu khin cc d liu c lin quan) v DML (thao tc c s d liu c lin quan). p n no di y c xp vo nhm DDL? A. CREATE B. INSERT C. UPDATE D. SELECT E. GRANT Cu 146: 5-1-2 Ngn ng CSDL Lnh SQL thc hin thao tc bng di y l p n no? <Student table> No. 1401 1402 1403 Name Nam Trang Viet Gender Male Female Male B. CREATE Age 30 25 55 C. UPDATE ===> No. 1401 1402 1403 Name Nam Trang Viet Gender Male Female Male Age 30 25 45

A. INSERT

D. SELECT

E. DELETE

Cu 147: 5-1-2 Ngn ng CSDL D liu c ly ra theo cu lnh SQL di y l p n no? <Student table> Name Gender Age 45

Van Tien Ha Loc Long

F M F M M

25 29 31 30 32

SELECT Name FROM Student table WHERE Gender = MAND Age > 29. A. Loc 30 B. Loc Long C. Loc M 30 32 D. Tien Loc 29 30 E. Tien Loc Long

Long 32

Long M

Long 32 Cu 148: 5-1-2 Ngn ng CSDL D liu c ly ra theo cu lnh SQL di y l p n no? SELEC AVG (Age) FROM Employee Table <Employee Table> No 101 102 103 104 A. 22 Name Loan Giang Anh Chi B. 25 C. 28 Age 22 24 26 28 D. 34 E 100

Cu 149: 6-1-1 An ninh Virt my tnh l chng trnh c lm hng cc chng trnh hay d liu. Chng trnh pht hin v dit virt my tnh l g? A. B ci t (installer) B. Thut s (wizard) C. D vt (tracer) D. Chng trnh theo di (watching program) E. Tng la (firewall) Cu 150: 6-1-1 An ninh Trong phng php mt m, c h thng m kho cng khai (public key crypto system) v h thng m kho chung (common key cryprto system). Phng php m kho cng khai s dng 2 loi kho, mt l kho c m ho bng phng php mt m phi i xng v kho gii m ring bit. Hai loi kho ny gi l g? A. Encode key v Decode key 46

B. C. D. E.

Public key v Private key Open key v Secret key Write key v Read key DES key v RSA key

Cu 151: 6-1-1 An ninh K thut phng php m kho cng khai khng ch tin hnh m ho d liu v bo mt, m cn cn c s chng nhn ca bn thn ngi . iu ny c gi l g? A. PKI B. Digital Signature (ch k in t) C. CA D. Digital Watermark E. Spoofing (gi mo) Cu 152: 6-1-1 An ninh C ch nhm phng trnh s tn cng hay t nhp ca ngi ngoi vo mng LAN ni b cng ty c gi l tng la (firewall). Tng la quyt nh vic cho php tn hiu i qua hay hu b n da trn a ch IP hay s cng (port number) ca d liu, gi l g? A. Packet Filtering B. Application gateway C. DMZ D. NAT E. IP Masquarade Cu 153: 6-1-2 Qun l ri ro phng trng hp s c pht sinh, vic sao (copy) ni dung ca b nh ny sang mt b nh khc gi l backup. Vic sao lu ton b phn mi c cp nht sau khi sao lu ton b b nh mt tun mt ln hay sau khi sao lu ton b hng ngy c gi l g? A. Sao lu phn khc nhau (differencial backup) B. Sao lu phn tng thm (incremental backup) C. Sao lu ton b (full backup) D. RAID E. Di tr d liu (Data Migration) Cu 154: 6-1-3 Hng dn Anh Nguyn Long chn mt password s dng mt dch v no . Trong s cc password di y, ci no l thch hp nht s dng? A. LONGNG B. NGUYEN 47

C. 200505 D. NG80LG E. NL Cu 155: 6-2-4 Cc t chc ha HTML l do mt nh nghin cu ngi Anh tn l Timothy John Berners-Lee lm vic cho CERN ti Gi-ne-v ca Thu S, pht trin da trn Trang Web ton cu (world wide web) c cng b vo nm 1989. Cc phin bn ca HTML u do cc t chc quc t khuyn co s dng. Cc phin bn HTML 3.2 tr i do t chc no khuyn co s dng? A. IETF B. RFC C. ITU-T D. ISO E. WWW Consortium Cu 156: 6-2-4 Cc t chc ha Ethernet l do nh nghin cu mang tn Robert M.Metcalfe lm vic ti Vin nghin cu Palo Alto ca Xerox, pht minh ra vo khong nm 1972. Cc phin bn sau ca Ethernet u do mt t chc quc t cng b v tiu chun ho. l t chc no? A. ITU-T B. RFC C. IEEE D. ISO E. 3Com Cu 157: 7-1-1 Qun tr kinh doanh C nhiu phng php thu thp d liu hay thng tin. Phng php thng s dng trong hi ngh, do Alex F.Osborne ca M pht minh ra l g? A. B. C. D. E. Phng php KJ Phng php Delphi Phng php Least quare Brain Storming (ng no) S xng c (fish born chart)

Cu 158: 7-2-1 K ton ti chnh V nguyn tc k ton doanh nghip, c hai nguyn tc l nguyn tc cn i ti sn v nguyn tc tnh ton l li. Trong cc nguyn tc di y, nguyn tc no nm trong c hai nguyn tc l nguyn tc cn i ti sn v nguyn tc tnh ton l li? A. Nguyn tc ph hp gia chi ph v thu nhp (matching costs with revenue principles) 48

B. C. D. E.

Nguyn tc ch ngha tng kim ngch ( Gross amount principles) Nguyn tc phn loi v chnh hp ( Section and orrangement principles) Nguyn tc tnh ton vn khi cn i ti sn ( B/S Integrity principles) Nguyn tc ch ngha pht sinh ( Accrual principles)

Cu 159: 7-2-2 K ton qun l Hy tnh im ho vn theo bng k l li di y? Hng mc Doanh thu Chi ph bin i Chi ph c nh Li nhun A. B. C. D. E. 3850 4000 4333 4667 4800 S tin (nghn la) 5600 2800 2000 800

Cu 160: 7-2-2 K ton qun l T l quan h c ngha l vic phn tch t l gia cc hng mc trong bo co ti chnh. Ci no di y c dng xc nh kh nng thanh ton tim nng di hn, khi phn tch mc an ton ca mt doanh nghip? A. T l vn ch s hu (Owners equity) B. T l tin mt trong ti khon (Acid test) C. T l vn lu ng ( Currenr) D. T l vn c nh (Fixed) E. T l cng n (Dept) Cu 161: 7-3-1 H thng IE v OR (nghin cu hot ng) Trong d n minh ho trong s PERT di y, ngy bt u tin hnh thao tc L sm nht l ngy bao nhiu? Ngy bt u trin khai d n l 0 ngy.

49

A 7 days B 9 days

C 6 days D 5 days E 4 days F 3 days

G 2 days H 3 days

K 1 days 9 L 4 days

I 4 days J 7 days

6 A. 15 ngy B. 16 ngy C. 17 ngy

D. 18 ngy.

E. 19 ngy

Cu 162: 7-3-1 H thng IE v OR (nghin cu hot ng) Trong nghip v qun l cht lng ti doanh nghip sn xut, phng php no l ph hp vi thao tc di y. Tng hp v sp xp nhng vn phc tp v nhng kin hay tng cha c tng hp. A. Biu nhn qu ( Cause and Effect Diagram Graph) B. Biu phn b (Scatter Plot Graph) C. Biu Pareto D. Bng kim (check sheet) E. th (graph) Cu 163: 7-3-1 H thng IE v OR (nghin cu hot ng) Trong trng hp ng thi rt ra hai l t b bi 52 l bi khng cha con phng teo, xc xut c hai l bi u l qun u ngi (tc l J,Q,K) l bao nhiu? A. 1/17 B. 1/26 C. 16/119 D. 9/169 E. 11/221 Cu 164: 7-3-1 H thng IE v OR (nghin cu hot ng) Bin thin (variance) v lch chun (standard deviation) l gi tr cho bit mc phn tn ca cc gi tr trong mt nhm d liu. phn tn ca nhm d liu di y l bao nhiu? D liu A. 5,2 B. 8,0 C. 10,8 50 5 6 9 11 14

D. 13,9 E. 16,9

Cu 165: 7-3-1 H thng IE v OR (nghin cu hot ng) Tng s nhn vin ca mt cng ty l 500 ngi, gi s s lng ngi ngh vic hng ngy theo bin thin nh thc vi t l ngh vic P = 0,01 th gi tr k vng v gi tr bin thin ca s ngi ngh vic hng ngy l bao nhiu? A. 4,95 v 10 B. 4,95 v 5 C. 5 v 4,95 D. 495 v 100 E. 500 v 495 Cu 166: 7-3-1 H thng IE v OR ( nghin cu hot ng) Trong cc s thuc 7 cng c qun l cht lng (hay 7 cng c qun l cht lng mi) theo phng php thng k, kiu s no trong cc p n di y biu din cc ct d liu sp xp theo th t gim dn v c ng nt t biu th tng tch lu ca d liu, thun tin cho vic phn tch ABC? A. S phn b B. C. D. E. S mi tn Biu S Pareto PDPC

Cu 167: 7-3-1 H thng IE v OR ( nghin cu hot ng) Trong trng hp doanh thu ca tng mt hng l nh sau, ta tin hnh phn tch ABC do nhm A chim 70%, th s mt hng ca nhm A l bao nhiu? Mt hng Kim ngch 1 150 2 100 3 80 C. 4 4 70 D. 5 5 50 6 30 E. 6 7 20

n v: 1000 yn A. 2 B. 3

Cu 168: 7-3-1 H thng IE v OR ( nghin cu hot ng) S di y c s dng khi iu tra hnh nh gi l g? Kh Hi Trung bnh Hi Kh Sng m thanh tt 51

Ti m thanh ti

Din vin tt A. B. C. D. E S J S SD S qun l (control chart) Fan chart S Gantt

Din vin ti

Cu 169: 7-3-1 H thng IE v OR ( nghin cu hot ng) Tn gi ca s di y l g? 120% 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% 2000 year A. S giai on (step chart) B. S tng hnh (pictograph) C. S nh lp th (stereograph) D. S hnh qut (Fan chart) E. S Rader Cu 170: 7-4-1 S dng h thng thng tin Trng hp thc hin h thng FAC (Factory Automation) cn c vo h thng thng tin kinh doanh (MIS), ton b h thng thng tin c gi l g? A. CADEM B. CIM C. H thng OA D. NC E. MRP 52 Bus Auto

Truck 2005 year

Cu 171: 7-4-2 H thng k ngh Trong h thng FA dng qun l tng hp ton b h thng sn xut k t khi ln k hoch sn xut cho ti khi xut hng ra khi kho mt cch hp l, c rt nhiu h thng ph. H thng ph dng m phng qu trnh phn tch cng , phn tch c cu, v tin hnh thit k khi qut l g? A. CAPP B. MIS C. CAE D. CAP E. CAM

Cu 172: 7-4-3 H thng kinh doanh H thng kinh doanh l h thng thng tin trong tin hnh lu tr, tch lu v phn tch qu trnh hot ng ca doanh nghip. Trong cc p n di y, ci no khng nm trong h thng kinh doanh? A. EOS B. EDI C. OA D. CAD E. POS Cu 173: 7-4-3 H thng kinh doanh C rt nhiu hnh thc thng mi in t trn mng internet. Hnh thc u gi trc tuyn c tin hnh trn trang web, c xp vo hnh thc no di y? A. B to B B. B to C C. Giao dch trc tuyn (online trade) D. C to C E. E- market place Cu 174: 7-4-3 H thng kinh doanh Trong h thng POS (Point of Sale = im bn hng), s phi nm bt c s lng mua vo v s lng sn phm bn ra mt cch thng xuyn. Thit b dng tnh tng v i chiu tn, gi c v s lng hng mua vo, vi d liu v tn, gi c, s lng c nhp vo ch dn m vch (barcode leader) hay thit b u cui my tnh POS, ng thi lin lc vi my tnh ch, l thit b no di y? A. My scan B. Thit b u cui cm tay (handly terminal) C. Thit b qun l lu tr (store controller) 53

D. OCR E. BCR Cu 175: 7-5-2 Quyn s hu tr tu T chc quc t hin ang hot ng da vo Cng c Pari v quyn s hu cng nghip vo nm 1883 v Cng c Berne v quyn tc gi nm 1886 l t chc no? A. WIPO B. UNESCO C. ITU D. BIRPI E. ISO Cu 176: 7-5-2 Quyn s hu tr tu Trong quyn s hu tr tu c mt s loi quyn. p n no di y khng thuc nhm cc quyn v s hu tr tu? A. Quyn gii php hu ch B. Quyn chn dung C. Quyn tc gi D. Quyn nhn hiu E. Quyn kiu dng Cu 177: 7-5-2 Quyn s hu tr tu Hin nay, tm quan trng ca vic bo v nhng quyn s hu tr tu khng phi l i tng c ph bin trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng, ngy cng tr nn quan trng. Trong s cc quyn s hu tr tu di y, quyn vi i tng bo h l cc k t hay hnh v dng phn bit hng ho, dch v, v bo v quyn li ca ngi s dng n l g? A. Quyn tc gi B. Quyn kiu dng C. Quyn nhn hiu D. Quyn sng ch E. Quyn gii php hu ch Cu 178: 7-5-6 Cc lut khc v vn o c ngnh ngh x l k t, my tnh x l da vo mt loi m, gi l m k t. Trong cc m k t di y, m no khng s dng c ch Katakana (ch cng). A. M ISO B. M JIS C. M Shift-JIS D. M UNICODE 54

E. M EUC Cu 179: 7-5-6 Cc lut khc v vn o c ngnh ngh Cng ty t bn c chia thnh hai nhm l cng ty t nhn v cng ty nh nc. Trong , cng ty t nhn li c chia thnh nhiu nhm nh na. Trong cc cng ty t nhn di y, cng ty no no c ch s hu doanh nghip hon ton tch ri vi ngi iu hnh doanh nghip? A. Cng ty hp danh B. Cng ty hp vn C. Cng ty c phn D. Cng ty i bn cng c li (mutual company) E. Cng ty trch nhim hu hn Cu 180: 7-5-6 Cc lut khc v vn o c ngnh ngh Chc nng, t chc, b phn trong doanh nghip hay c s kinh doanh c chia thnh hai nhm: ng li (line) v nhn vin (staff). Trong cc b phn di y, ci no c xp vo nhm nhn vin? A. B phn mua hng B. B phn nghin cu pht trin C. B phn ch to D. B phn qun l cht lng E. B phn kinh doanh

55

P N

56

p n cu 1: A Chuyn s hc
Bt du khng i Thm 0 vo ba tri

Chuyn l gic
Mi bt chuyn Thm 0 vo ba tri

1
Dch sang tri

0
Dch sang tri

Trc khi dch

Trc khi dch

Dch phi 1 1 0 1

Dch phi 0 1 0 1

thm ngay vo ba tri ging nh bt

Thm 0 vo ba tri

Gii thch: C th tnh ton nh sau: 11001011 dch chuyn s hc sang phi 1 bit 11100101 dch chuyn s hc sang phi 1 bit 11110010 dch chuyn lgic sang tri 1 bit 1100100 dch chuyn lgic sang tri 1 bit 11001000 p n cu 2: C Phn tch: hon chuyn t h n phn sang h thp phn c thc hin nh sau: mi ch s nhn vi c s h, c m l hng ch s tr i 1, sau cng tng chng li. Gii thch: 2C ca h thp lc phn (16) = 2 x (16 (2-1)) + C x (16 (1-1)) = 2 x 16 + 12 x 1 = 44 ca h thp phn 70 ca h bt phn 57

= 7 x (8 (2-1)) + 0 x (8 (1-1)) = 7 x 8 + 0= 56 Kt qu php tnh h thp phn l: 100 44 56 = 0 p n cu 3: D Gii thch: quy tt c cc h c s v h thp phn (c s 10), ri tnh ton v so snh. (1234)16 = (4660)10 (10101010101)2 = (1365)10 Do : (4660)10 - (1365)10 = (3295)10 Cc kt qu chuyn v dng h thp phn s l: (1100 1101 0000)2 = (3280)10 (6006)8 = (3078)10 (CDF)16 = (3295)10 (SOS)16: Khng c s no nh vy dng h thp lc phn. p n cu 4: A Gii thch: thp phn

110 = 1 x 64 + 5 x 8 + 6 1 x 82 + 5 x 81 + 6 x 80

bt phn

Cch gii khc: quy tt c v h nh phn, ri ct 3 ch s li thnh mt nhm. 001 101 110 1 5 6 p n cu 5: C Cch suy lun: gi tr m th hin phn b 2 c tnh bng cch: ly 100000000 h nh phn (c s 1 hng u), tr i s nh phn thnh gi tr tuyt i ca s . Gii thch: (01011000)2 = (88)10 (10010100)2 l m, nn (100000000)2 - (10010100)2 = (01101100)2 = (108)10 Do , 88 108 = -20 p n cu 6: A im chnh: Carry ngha l vic nh s, trong , kt qu tnh ton mt hng vt qu c s, khin phi cng thm 1 vo hng ch s pha trc. Gii thch: ti phn nh du hnh tam gic, l trng hp pht sinh nh (carry). A 10001 B 1111 C 1101 58 D 1010 E 101

+ 110 --------10111

+1000 ---------10111

+ 11 ---------10000

+ 110 ---------10000

+ 110 --------1011

59

p n cu 7: B Cng thc: biu th s du phy ng 32 bit do IEEE xng: 1 bit 8bit 23 bit S E M

v tr ca du phy thp phn Du ca phn nh tr: S (0 hoc 1) = 0 Gi tr phn m: E = (10001010)2 = (138)10 Gi tr phn nh tr: M = 10100000000000000000000 Gi tr s du phy ng: = (-1)s x 2(E-127) x (1 + M) Gii thch: = (-1)0 x 2(138-127) x (1 + 0.101)2 = +(1.101)2 x 211 = +(1.625)10 x 211 p n cu 8: D Gii thch: i vi s thp phn khoanh vng, mi 1 byte cho s c mt ch s, v 1 byte v tr sau cng c phn du (sign part). Cn i vi s thp phn ng gi, mi 1 byte cho s c hai ch s, v 4 bit v tr sau cng l phn du (sign part). V d i vi s 1234: : Trong trng hp s thp phn khoanh vng th l 4 byte 1111 0001 1111 0010 1111 0011 1100 0100
Zone bit 1 Zone bit 2 Zone bit 3 Sign bit 4

: Trong trng hp s thp phn ng gi th l 3 byte 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 1100
1 2 3 4 Sign bit

nu khng trn byte th in thm 0 vo. - dng s thp phn khoanh vng, cn 6 byte. Nu khng c phn du, th dng s thp phn ng gi, ch cn 3 byte tc l mt na. Cho thm phn du th l 4 byte. p n cu 9: D im chnh A. Php tng lgic loi tr XOR B. Php tch lgic AND C. Php ton i snh D. Php ph nh tng lgic NOR E. Php ph nh tch lgic NAND Gii thch: Php ph nh tng lgic (NOR) sai lgic nu t nht mt trong A, B ng. A+B=A B

60

p n cu 10: B Chy (run): tnh trng nhim v ang c thc hin vi th t u tin cao. Sn sng (ready): tnh trng lc no cng c th thc hin c. i (wait): tnh trng ang i kt thc thao tc vo-ra c yu cu. A: ng k nhim v B: chuyn i C: ht thi gian (time out) D: pht sinh lnh vo-ra E: hon thnh thao tc vo-ra Gii thch: trn s , dispatcher l chng trnh nm gia B v C, c chc nng gn quyn s dng CPU cho nhim v c th t u tin cao nht trong s tt c cc nhim v c th thc hin c. p n cu 11: D Binary tree (cy nh phn): cu trc hnh cy ch c t 2 nhnh tr xung. Multiway tree: cu trc hnh cy nhng s nhnh khng gii hn 2 m nhiu hn. Mng: sp xp cc phn t hu hn thnh bng. C th tham chiu cc phn t theo tn mng v ch s di. Ngn xp: cu trc d liu LIFO (vo sau ra trc). Lu tr cc d liu chng ln nhau. Gii thch: Xp hng l cu trc FIFO (vo trc ra trc), s dng trong danh sch i ca cng vic (job) v nhim v (task). p n cu 12: E Phn mnh:vng cha c s dng nm ri rc trong vng lu tr chnh hay b nh ph. Kh phn mnh: thao tc nhm xo b tnh trng phn mnh trong cng. ng ngha: l d liu ng sau, trong trng hp thu c gi tr bm ging nhau bng phng php bm t cc d liu khc nhau. nh tr hon ton: tnh trng 2 quy trnh c chung ngun cng ch i quy trnh kia gii phng ngun trc. Gii thch: Thng rc l phn t khng cn thit sau khi xo nhng vn lu li c th khi phc. p n cu 13: B im chnh: ngn xp l cu trc vo sau ra trc (LIFO), nn s ly ra theo th t ngc vi trnh t lu tr.

61

Push C,B,A

Pop A,B,C

Ngn xp

C B A

nh

Gii thch: s ly ra theo trnh t 9,8,7,6,5 do ch s ly ra ln th 4 l s 6. p n cu 14: D Gii thch: Cy tm kim nh phn c c trng l, trong tt c cc , phn t trong bao gi cng ln hn phn t bn tri, v nh hn phn t bn phi.

p n cu 15: C im chnh: Heap l c tnh i ng cy nh phn ton phn theo mng.

2

6
12
19 Thay i

Thay i 4 9

12

A
12

14

17

19

13

19

30

Quan h cha-con bt k nt no cng lm hnh thnh kch c ca d liu. p n cu 16: B

62

Bt u

Kt thc

10

11

Gii thch: Quy tc khi v cy nh nhp theo trnh t trung gian s nh sau: - Bt u v t nhnh bn tri, v ly gi tr trong nt xa hn. - Ly gi tr trong nt phn nhnh nu gi tr vt qu gi tr trong nt t tri sang phi. p n cu 17: D Gii thch: S ln so snh ca Bubble Sort l O(n2), do vy thi gian s l 52=25 ln. 25 ln ca 1 giy l 25 giy. p n cu 18: B im chnh: Bubble Sort s tin hnh so snh d liu lin k, nu quan h cha-con (ln-b) b ngc th s cho hon chuyn v tr v sp xp li. Gii thch: Ch s di Bt u So snh hon chuyn v tr ln 1 Hon chuyn v tr ln 2 Hon chuyn v tr ln 3 Hon chuyn v tr ln 4 Hon chuyn v tr ln 5 Hon chuyn v tr ln 6 Kt thc 1 15 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 5 15 11 11 11 11 7 3 11 11 15 12 12 7 11 4 12 12 12 15 7 12 12 5 7 7 7 7 15 15 15

63

p n cu 19: E Quick Sort: l phng php sp xp nhanh trong s dng mt gi tr lm tiu chun (trc). Binary Search: l phng php phn chia phm vi nh phn cc d liu c sp xp sn, tm ra d liu cn. Phng php Boyer - Moore: cn c gi l phng php BM. y l thut ton tm kim chui k t vi hiu qu tm kim cao, do R.S.Boyer v J.S.Moore pht minh ra. Phng php thut ton Greedy: cn c gi l phng php tng thm. N l thut ton x l vn gn. Gii thch: Phng php tm kim Dijkstra l thut ton x l vn ng dn ngn nht do Dijkstra pht minh ra.

p n cu 20: E Gii thch: Vi s d liu N, th s ln bnh qun ca php tm kim nh phn bng (log2N) (du [ ] c ngha l b ch s hng thp phn. log25000 = log210000/2 = log2104 - log22 = 4 x log210 1 = (4/log102) -1 = 4/0.3010 1 = 13.289 -1 = 12.289 = 12 ln. p n cu 21: B Linear programming (lp trnh tuyn tnh): l phng php ti u ha trong tin hnh ti a ha (hoc ti thiu ha) hm i tng, trn c s cc iu kin s dng bt ng thc tuyn tnh (th cp). Phng php tm kim tuyn tnh: phng php tm chui k t c bit t trong mng. Tm kim t u mng. Phng php xc nhn bt bin: mt loi phng php kim chng tnh ng n ca thut ton. Phng php lp trnh ng: phng php x l gii quyt vn v ng dn ngn nht hay vn gn bin. Gii thch: Phng php chui cn gi l php bm m (open hash), n ni d liu cha cc gi tr bm ng nht thnh danh sch bng cc nt.

64

p n cu 22: D im chnh: mod (a1 + a2 + a3, 5) c ngha l s d ca php chia tng ca a1, a2, a3 cho 5. Cn xung t c ngha l c cng mt gi tr bm. Gii thch: Cc t hp gi tr bm s nh sau: A. Tng cc ch s ln lt l 17 v 14. Gi tr bm l 2 v 4 B. Tng cc ch s ln lt l 13 v 12. Gi tr bm l 3 v 2 C. Tng cc ch s ln lt l 11 v 15. Gi tr bm l 1 v 0 D. Tng cc ch s ln lt l 3 v 18. Gi tr bm l 3 v 3 Tng cc ch s ln lt l 20 v 19. Gi tr bm l 0 v 4 p n cu 23: A Phn tch k hm s c u bi a ra, ta c: F(n) = n! = n x (n 1) x .. 3 x 2 x 1 Do : F(5) = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120 p n cu 24: C Gii thch: K hiu mch s tng ng nh sau: A l B cng bn phn (half adder), B l mch OR, C l mch ADN, D l mch ph nh, E l biu th B cng y Mch s hc AND l mch dng tnh ton AND ( logical product operation) , bng chn l s nh sau:

A 0 0 1 1

B 0 1 0 1

A AND B 0 0 0 1

65

p n cu 25: B Sn phm ca Intel: Nm 1971 Nm 1972 Nm 1978 Nm 1982 Nm 1988 Nm 1989 Nm 1993 Nm 1999 Nm 2001 i4004 i8008 8086 80286 i386 i486 Pentium Pentium III Itanium 4bitMPU 8bitMPU 16bitMPU 16bitMPU 32bitMPU 32bitMPU 32bitMPU 32bitMPU 64bitMPU

p n cu 26: B LD, GRO, GR1 c ngha l chuyn ni dung Thanh ghi a nng 1 (General Purpose Register) sang Thanh ghi a nng 0. Tc l: Np GR1 vo GRO Do vy, ni dung "s 5" ca GR1 s c nhp vo GRO. p n cu 27: E Thanh ghi a nng: l thanh ghi c s dng rng ri tnh ton hay cp nht a ch. Thanh ghi yu cu ngt: l thanh ghi trong bit s tr thnh ON. Thanh ghi s hc: nm trong khi s hc ALU, n c chc nng ghi li cc con s trc v sau khi thc hin php tnh. Thanh ghi ch mc: l thanh ghi c s dng cp nht a ch mc lc hay b m. Gii thch: Thanh ghi c s cung cp cc thng tin nh c pht sinh vic nh s, mn s hay khng, hoc c b trn b nh hay khng. p n cu 28: A MIPS: l n v th hin tnh nng x l ca CPU, n cho bit c th thc hin c bao nhiu triu lnh trong 1 giy. Tng nhp ng h: l k thut tng tc nhm tng tc nhp ng h ca CPU s dng trong my tnh c nhn. CISC: my tnh vi CPU c kh nng x l tp lnh phc tp. CPU a nng: lp nhiu CPU mt lc, tng tc x l v tng tin cy. Gii thch: Cho ng ng lnh chng ln nhau tng tc x l lnh. C th p dng cho my tnh RISC vi tp lnh hn ch, c thi gian thc hin cc lnh tng ng nhau.

66

p n cu 29: C Cng thc: MIPS l n v th hin tnh nng x l ca CPU, n cho bit c th thc hin bao nhiu triu lnh trong 1 giy. Gii thch: S lnh m my tnh thc hin trong 1 giy = 30 x 1 triu x 0.85 = 25.5 triu lnh Thi gian x l: 10 triu 25.5 triu = 0.392 giy = 0.39 giy. p n cu 30: E SIMM v DIMM: nu b nh ca nhng b phn ny tng ln, th c th s dng chng trnh bng tnh thao tc, t lm tng tnh nng x l. Over drive processor: Nh vic tng cng tnh nng ca CPU, tnh nng x l cng s c nng cp mt cch ton din. Cc hnh: Do tnh nng hin th hnh nh tng ln, nn tnh nng khi v s , biu cng c ci thin tt hn. Gii thch: Cc m thanh l thit b ch cn thit khi mun s dng tnh nng v mt m thanh v n khng h tc ng hoc nh hng n cc tnh nng x l khc. p n cu 31: E Ngt chng trnh: xut hin khi b trn b nh CPU hoc pht sinh li trong khi thc hin chng trnh. Ngt ng h: xut hin khi ng h ra ch th cho CPU. Ngt vo-ra: xut hin thng bo kt thc thao tc vo-ra t bn ngoi knh, do s c khi x l thao tc vo-ra. Ngt SVC: xut hin khi chng trnh x l ti CPU pht sinh supervisor call (SVC), do chng trnh ang chy nhn c yu cu t h iu hnh. Gii thch: ngt bn giao tip gia ngi v my l hin tng pht sinh khi c s can thip ca iu hnh vin (operator) t system console (thit b cui) ca my tnh a dng. p n cu 32: C, E Cache memory (b nh m n ): vng lp y khong cch v tc gia CPU v b nh. VLIW (verylong instruction word): thay cho ng ng , chp nhn lnh di, cho thc hin nhiu php tnh ton tng tc . ng ng lnh: b phn tin hnh x l lnh song song bng cch quy chuyn cc tp lnh v nhng lnh c cng di v cng thi gian x l, vi tnh nng thp c tn sut s dng cao. Cn c con chip RISC. Dch ti u ho: c th pht huy tnh nng ca b x l, bng cch to m chng trnh ph hp vi thao tc x l trong b x l. 67

Super scalar architecture: kin trc siu v hng thit b c th thc hin nhiu lnh trong mt chu k ti ng ng. p n cu 33: D Cng thc: 1KB 1,000B 1MB 1,000,000B 1GB 1,000,000,000B 1TB 1,000,000,000,000B Gii thch: 0.5GB 1,000,000,000B x 0.5 500,000,000B 500,000,000B x 8bit 4,000,000,000bit p n cu 34: A Cng thc: Thi gian truy cp CPU bnh qun Ta = Tc + (1-) Tm Gii thch: Cn c vo cng thc trn, ta c thi gian truy cp CPU bnh qun = 0.7 x 10 + (1 - 0.7) x 50 = 22 nano giy p n cu 35: B Thanh ghi: l thit b nh c tc ghi nhanh nht trong phn cp b nh (memory hierarchy) c ci t trong b x l. Dung lng ca thanh ghi nh. B nh ngoi: chnh l b nh h tr. N bao gm a cng, MO v.v. B m a: l thit b nm gia b nh chnh v b nh h tr, c tc dng lp y khong cch v tc gia hai thit b trn. Knh ni b: l ng truyn tn hiu kt ni cc thanh ghi, cng vo/ra nm xung quanh CPU. Gii thch: trong b nh m n, ngi ta thng dng SRAM, mt thit b tc cao c s dng thit b lng cc (bipolar device). p n cu 36: D Mask ROM: c s dng trong cc b nh lu tr IPL, hay cc b nh ca bng tr chi trong my tr chi. SRAM: l thit b nh khng lm mt thng tin lu tr, nu nh khng tt my tnh. Khng cn phi lu tr d liu (refresh) u n ni dung lu gi khng b mt. DRAM: thit b nh bn dn lu tr thng tin bng cch np in vo t in. Cn phi lm ti. SIMM: Single In-line Memory Module. Mun cha nhiu DRAM. Gii thch: Flash memory: l ROM c th xa v ghi chng nhiu ln. C kh nng xa v ghi chng da vo cc n v khi. 68

69

p n cu 37: B Mch AND: mch thc hin php tnh V B cng y : mch cng c kh nng tnh c s n v nh gia ch s hng di v ch s hng trn sau 3 ln nhp. B cng bn phn: mch cng ch tnh c s n v nh ln ch s hng trn sau 2 ln nhp. Mch NOT: mch thc hin php tnh lgic ph nh. Gii thch: Mch nh hai trng thi (mch lt) c cu to rt phc tp, do c t cc (cell) nhp vo IC, nn dung lng lu tr nh hn DRAM, v gi thnh ca n rt cao p n cu 38: A Kh phn mnh (defragmentation): thc hin ti nh ph. Xa b nhng th lt vt, im gin on ca tp tin. Gch cho (slashing): tnh trng chuyn vo (roll in), chuyn ra (roll out) di dng hon i lin tc. F. Tro i: (swapping) vic hon i ni dung t vng nh chnh sang b lu tr ph. Phn mnh (Fragmentation) : tnh trng cc vng khng s dng vng lu tr chnh b nm ri rc (phn on). Gii thch: Lm gn b nh (Memory Compaction) l vic b tr li cc chng trnh b chia on trong vng lu tr chnh, nhm duy tr vng trng cha s dng. p n cu 39: C Phng php FIFO - First In First Out (vo trc ra trc): cho ra page-out trang u tin c lu trong b nh chnh. Cng c trng hp cho page-out ngay trang mi xem gn nht. Phng php LIFO Last In First Out (vo sau ra trc): cho page-out ngay trang mi c page-in gn nht, do vy khng thng qua h thng lu tr o. Dynamic Address Transaction: s dng bng nh s trang (page table) thay i a ch truy cp khi thc hin lnh. i a ch o thnh a ch thc trn vng lu tr chnh. Page Replacement: vic nh s trang trong vng lu tr o. Khng phi l thut ton. Gii thch: Phng php LRU - Least Recently Used: cho page-out trang c thi gian tham chiu c nht. Thng qua vng lu tr o.

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p n cu 40: B Cng thc: Dung lng mt khi = di bn ghi x h s khi + khong cch gia cc khi S bn ghi lu vo mt rnh = (dung lng lu gi ca mt rnh : dung lng ca mt khi) x h s khi Gii thch: Dung lng mt khi = 400 x 10 + 500 = 4500 S khi trong mt rnh = 28000 : 4500 = 6,222 = 6 (b s thp phn lm trn) S bn ghi lu vo mt rnh = 6 x 10 = 60 Minh ho bng hnh v:
Dung lng 1 khi (block) di mt khi

rnh

IBG

Bn ghi 1

Bn ghi 2

Bn ghi 10

IBG

Trong mt khi ch c s bn ghi tng ng vi h s khi.

p n cu 41: E Cng thc: Thi gian quay mt vng (mili giy/vng) = 60 x 1000 tc quay (vng/pht) di khi = h s khi x di bn ghi Thi gian truyn d liu ca khi = ( di khi dung lng rnh) x thi gian quay mt vng Gii thch: Theo cng thc trn, ta c: Thi gian quay mt vng = 18.75 mili giy di khi = 8000 byte Thi gian truyn d liu ca khi = (8000 20.000) x 18,75 = 7,5 mili giy. p n cu 42: C Cng thc: Thi gian quay mt vng (mili giy/vng) = 60 x 1000 tc quay (vng/pht) Thi gian tm kim ti a (mili giy) = thi gian quay mt vng Thi gian tm kim trung bnh (mili giy) = thi gian quay mt vng : 2 Gii thch: Thi gian quay mt vng = 60 x 1000 3000 = 20 (mili giy/vng) Thi gian tm kim ti a = 20 (mili giy) Thi gian tm kim trung bnh = 20 2 = 10,0 (mili giy) Nu ta cng gi tr trn vi thi gian nh v u t vo rnh v thi gian truyn d liu, ta c thi gian truy nhp.

71

p n cu 43: E Cng thc: Dung lng lu gi = s mt lu gi x s rnh trn mt mt x s sector trn mt rnh x dung lng lu gi ca mt sector Gii thch: Dung lng lu gi = 2 x 80 x 18 x 1024 = 2 949 120 byte 2,88 MB p n cu 44: E Bn ghi vt l: phn ghi d liu. D liu c ghi vi tc khng i. Bn ghi lgc: l tp hp ca nhiu d liu. Trong mt khi c rt nhiu bn ghi lgc. BOT beginning of tape: im bt u ca bng t. EOT end of tape: im kt thc ca bng t Gii thch: IBG l phn khng lu d liu gia cc khi (bn ghi vt l). Khi ghi d liu, ti y s xut hin vic tng gim tc , nn n lm nh hng khng ch ti hiu qu lu gi m cn nh hng ti hiu sut thi gian. p n cu 45: B Cng thc: di bng t lu mt tp = s khi x ( di khi + di IBG) di khi (inch) = h s khi x di bn ghi lgcmt lu gi Gii thch: Thay s vo cng thc trn, ta c: di ca mt khi = 12 x 500 4800 = 1,25 inch. Do s khi l 1000, nn di cn thit ca bng t = 1000 (1,25 + 0,25) = 1500 BPI c ngha l s byte trn mt inch (byte/inch). p n cu 46: D POLLing: vic ln lt hi im danh BLOCKing: vic tng hp nhiu bn ghi l gc vo trong mt khi (bn ghi vt l) ng khi SWAPPing: thay ni dung trong b nh ch v b nh ph tng ng vi mc u tin ca chng trnh, ri x l. Tro i SPOOLing: SPOOL (simultaneous peripheral operations online): mt phng php tng thng lng. Queueing: d phng d liu trong phng php FIFO, xp hng p n cu 47: C My tnh c 5 chc nng v ln lt gi tng ng l: (1) Thit b vo (2) B nh (3) B s hc (4) B iu khin 72

(5) Thit b ra Gii thch: B iu khin + b s hc = B x l (processor), b x l c chc nng iu khin vic tnh ton v x l p n cu 48: E

B iu khin
B s hc Thit b vo
lung d liu

B nh

Thit b ra
lung iu khin

im chnh Cc mi tn cho bit chu trnh iu khin u xut pht t hp A. Thit b chnh l b iu khin p n cu 49: B CSW (Channel State Word): L ngn ng knh thng bo cho b x l bit tnh hnh thc hin ca knh (tnh hnh cho bit vic nhp, xut kt thc hay cha). CAI: h thng dy v hc bng my tnh. CCW (Channel Command Word): l ngn ng to thnh chng trnh trn knh (channel program), chnh l ch th i vi knh. CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing): sn xut vi s h tr ca my tnh Gii thch: CAW (Channel Address Word): cho bit a ch ca chng trnh trn knh. Sau khi thng tin ny c ghi vo, b nh s ra ch th bt u cho knh v cho tin hnh x l nhp xut. p n cu 50: A OCR (Optical Character Reader): thit b c k t quang hc. C th c ch vit tay hoc ch in. Bng: thit b vo ta dng phng, c s dng trong CAD My qut nh: l thit b nhp hnh v trn giy, nh, tranh vo my tnh di dng d liu nh. My nh s: l camera lu tr hnh nh trong b nh bn dn. Gii thch: OMR (Optical Mark Reader: thit b c im quang hc) c kh nng c nhng phn c nh du bng bt ch trong khu vc ch nh.

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p n cu 51: D Tivi mn hnh phng: khng phi l thit b vo ca my tnh. Qu cu nh du: thit b nhp ta da vo vic di chuyn con tr (cursor) trn mn hnh bng cch xoay qu bng c lp trong thit b. B s ha: thit b vo ta bng cch, cho con tr (pointer) hay bt chuyn dng di chuyn trn mn phng ngang. C ngha gn ging nh bng. Bt quang: bt chuyn dng nhp ta trn mn hnh CRT. Gii thch: Mn hnh cm gic s vo ta khi ta chm trc tip vo mn hnh. c s dng ti h thng cho nhng ngi khng quen vi thao tc my tnh. p n cu 52: E IDE: c s dng vi mc ch tng t SCSI, nhng ch c th kt ni ti a 2 thit b ( dng m rng c th ln ti 4 thit b). Centronics: s dng kt ni my in, ch khng kt ni c chui cnh hoa (daisy-chain). IOBASE-T: h thng cp xon i ca Ethernet. Kt ni kiu dng sao t HUB. SCSI: c tc dng kt ni chui cnh hoa (daisy-chain) v kt ni cc b nh h tr. C th kt ni ti a 8 thit b. Gii thch: GPIB l giao din dng kt ni my o c do cng ty Hewlett-Packard pht minh ra. C th kt ni chui cnh hoa (daisy-chain) vi s lng ti a l 15 bng cch truyn song song 8 bit. p n cu 53: D Mn hnh CRT: mn hnh s dng ng tia in t. Mn hnh tinh th lng LCD: l mn hnh s dng tinh th lng, c kiu TFT hay DSTN v.v. Mn hnh Plasma: Mn hnh s dng hiu ng pht quang ca plasma. C th lm mn hnh mng. Mn hnh Multi-scan: mn hnh c th s dng nhiu phn gii khc nhau. Gii thch: i vi GUI, bt buc phi trnh by ha di dng ca s (window) hoc biu tng (icon). Ngoi k t ra, mn hnh k t rt kh hin th cc i tng khc, do vy khng thch hp. p n cu 54: A Cng thc: s im nh (dot) mn hnh ca VGA = 640 x 480 = 307200 dot S mu ca High Color = 216 mu = 65.536 mu Lng thng tin trn mt dot ca High Color = 16 bit = 2 byte Gii thch: lng thng tin trn mt mn hnh = 307200 (dot) x 2 byte = 614400 byte = 600 KB 74

p n cu 55: E My in kim: to hnh k t bng cch, cc u kim (pin) trn u my in (printer head) nh ra chc vo bng mc hnh thnh du mc trn giy. My in phun: to hnh k t bng cch phun mc t vi (nozzle) trn u my in (printer head) ln giy. My in nhit: u my in (printer head) c un nng, lm nng chy mc ca bng mc dnh ln trn giy. My in dng: in thnh dng vi nhiu k t cng mt lc. Gii thch: my in laze dng nhit v p sut in mc dnh trn trng bng tnh in ln giy. p n cu 56: A Bng mch chnh: l bng mch ca my tnh. c lp vo CPU hay b nh 10BASE 2: l mt chun ca Ethernet. S dng cp ng trc v b kt ni BNC. Ethernet: l mt loi h thng cp mng do Gio s Metcalfe ca Xerox pht minh ra Serial Cable: l loi cp trong s dng cc dy cp ring bit cho gi tin v nhn tin , ri gi v nhn d liu mt cch lin tc. Gii thch: Nh c bus, m tnh c lp ca cc thit b tng ln v chi ph pht trin cc thit b cng r hn. C bus a ch, bus d liu, bus iu khin p n cu 57: B v C cpi (character per inch) cho bit cht lng in. S k t tng ng vi mt inch. cps (character per second) l n v th hin tc in. S k t in c trong mt giy. ppm (page per minute) l n v th hin tc in ca my in. N cho bit c th in c bao nhiu trang trong vng 1 pht. dpi (dot per inch): n v th hin phn gii ca my in. Cho bit s dot in tng ng vi mt inch. bps (bit per second) l tc truyn thng tin. S bit gi trong mt giy. p n cu 58: B. Siu my tnh: l loi my tnh c thit k trong coi trng tc tnh ton. My trm : l loi my tnh bn c tnh nng cao v cc k s thng s dng loi my ny. My tnh a nng: l loi my tnh c s dng rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc, n cn c gi bng nhng ci tn khc nh my tnh ln (mainframe) hay my ch (host computer). My tnh n-ron: l loi my tnh m phng h thng thn kinh ca sinh vt. Gii thch: nh vt l hc John Von Neumann pht minh ra H thng chng trnh lu tr v cng b vo nm 1945. 75

p n cu 59: E Overhead: l thi gian m chng trnh iu khin OS s dng. Khng lin quan ti nng sut cng vic ca ngi dng. Thi gian p ng: thi gian tnh t khi gi xong d liu t thit b cui my tnh cho ti khi bt u gi tr li kt qu. Thi gian quay vng: thi gian k t khi bt u nhp cng vic (d liu) vo my tnh cho ti khi c c kt qu u ra mt cch hon chnh. Thi gian ri ca my tnh: khi thc hin cng lc nhiu nhim v (task) khc nhau, s xut hin tnh trng thi gian vo-ra (I/O) b rt ngn. N l thi gian CPU khng hot ng. Thi gian CPU ngh. Thng lng: Thi gian cn thit x l mt lng cng vic, mt lng d liu hay mt cng vic nht nh trong mt n v thi gian. p n cu 60: B v C Supervisor call: l vic chng trnh ang chy s ra lnh ngt i vi chng trnh gim st. Bn ghi: s lu li tnh hnh hot ng ca h thng. N cn c gi vi mt ci tn khc l S nht k. Ngi ph trch qun l vn hnh s khng th thiu bn ghi khi mun phng trnh li, tm hiu nguyn nhn v khi phc. PSW (program status word): thng tin cho bit tnh trng ca chng trnh bng my tnh a chc nng. Cun d liu: to b nh ph tr gi l b nh m (buffer), vic x l vo-ra c thc hin mt cch tch ri vi b x l. p n cu 61: C Windows XP hin nay l h iu hnh ca cng ty Microsoft c s dng nhiu nht trong cc my tnh. Linux: l h iu hnh my tnh c pht trin trn c s ca Unix. MS-DOS: l h iu hnh my tnh tiu chun trc khi Windows ra i. Thc hin thao tc ch yu bng lnh (command). OS/2: h iu hnh my tnh ca cng ty IBM. Gii thch: MVS l h iu hnh my tnh a dng c ln do IBM pht minh, n khng chy trn my tnh c nhn. p n cu 62: D Job Management: l vic tin hnh cc thao tc nh x l trc, x l tun t hay x l sau cn thit thc hin mt cng vic (job). Job Scheduling: l vic lp k hoch vn hnh h thng trn c s xem xt trnh t cng vic 76

Job Step: n v cu thnh cng vic. JIS: Tiu chun cng nghip Nht Bn (Japanese Industrial Standards). Khng c lin quan trc tip ti cng vic Gii thch: Job Control Language: l ngn ng dng nhp khi ngi dng ch nh mt cng vic nht nh. p n cu 63: B Bus: ng dn ch nh tp tin nm pha di (bn trong) th mc. Ch nh bus tuyt i l ng dn bt u t th mc gc, cn ch nh bus tng i l ng dn bt u t th mc hin ti. Th mc con: th mc nm pha di (bn trong) th mc gc. C th c nhiu th mc con. Th mc gc: nm v tr trn cng v ch c mt th mc gc. Cy th mc: phng thc qun l tp tin c cu trc hnh cy. Gii thch: Th mc hin ti cho bit v tr ang c s dng mt thi im nht nh p n cu 64: B Khi kim sot tc v (task control block): vng lu tr nhim v B gi pht: trong s cc nhim v c th thc hin c lu trong Khi iu khin nhim v, chn ra nhim v c th t u tin cao, ri phn cho CPU. Quay vng: phng php phn u cc nhim v cho CPU. Thch hp cho phng php x l chia s thi gian (time sharing). Lt thi gian: thi gian x l ca CPU cho php ngi dng. Trng thi tc v: m hnh khi nim bao gm t hnh thnh cho n xo b nhim v. p n cu 65: A Tp nn: l dng tp c kch c thu nh li m vn lu gi nguyn xi ton b ni dung d liu. Tp chia s: l tp trong khng ch mt ngi dng c php s dng, m nhiu ngi dng c th dng chung. Tp thng xuyn (permanent file): l tp c th tham chiu v cp nht trong mt thi gian di. N cn c gi l tp vnh cu. Tp h thng: l tp do h thng (h iu hnh) s dng. Ngi dng khng s dng loi tp ny. Gii thch: Tp tm thi c to ra lu tr mt cch tm thi cc kt qu trung gian trong qu trnh x l, n s b xo i khi kt thc qu trnh x l. N cn c gi l tp nht thi. p n cu 66: D Mt bn ghi (hay cn gi l bn ghi lgc) c cu thnh t rt nhiu trng d liu 77

(hng mc). n v ca phng tin lu gi lu tp c gi l b a (volume). Khi lu gi tp vo b a, s ghp nhiu bn ghi (bn ghi lgc) vo trong mt khi (block) ri lu tr. Bn ghi m rng (spanned record): c th kt ni vi nhiu khi lu tr bn ghi lgc. Bn ghi c di bin i: di ca cc bn ghi lgc khng ng u. di ca chng c lu pha u ca bn ghi lgc. Bn ghi c di c nh: di ca tt c bn ghi lgc u bng nhau, d s dng nht. Bn ghi c di khng xc nh, cng tng t nh bn ghi c di bin i, di ca cc bn ghi lgc khng ng u nhng khc im n khng cha thng tin v di ca bn ghi. p n cu 67: B JPEG: l dng thc lu tr nn nh tnh di dng mu do ISO/IEC v ITU-T cng quy nh. PNG Portable Network Graphics: dng thc c pht trin nhm gii quyt cc vn cn hn ch ca dng thc GIF v mt s vn khc. GIF: l dng thc lu tr nn nh tnh di dng mu do ComupuServe ca M pht minh ra. MPEG: l dng thc lu nh ng di dng mu. Khng dng lu gi nh tnh. Gii thch: BMP l hnh thc lu gi nh tiu chun ca Windows. Hnh thc ny khng nn tp, m lu d liu tng ng vi cc chm trn mn hnh. p n cu 68: A Gii thch: c th so snh cc phng php t chc tp nh sau:
Phng php t chc Phng php truy nhp Phng php Phng php truy nhp trc tip x x x x Phng tin lu gi tp Bng t DASD

truy nhp tun t T chc tun t T chc trc tip T chc theo ch mc T chc phn hoch VSAM

DASD =b nh truy nhp trc tip (Directly Access Storage Device) p n cu 69: A v E Tp t chc theo ch mc l phng php t chc tp trong c th s dng ng thi hai phng php truy nhp l phng php truy nhp tun t v phng php truy nhp trc tip. N cn c gi l tp ISAM. N qun l d liu trn 3 vng sau y: 78

Vng d liu chnh: vng lu tr cc bn ghi tp. Vng ch mc: vng lu tr thng tin v ch mc. c chia thnh ch mc rnh (track index), ch mc tr (cylinder index) v ch mc gc (master index). Vng trn: vng lu gi nhng bn ghi khng ghi ht c vo vng d liu chnh khi b sung bn ghi. Tp phn hoch: l kiu tp c th tng hp nhiu tp t chc tun t li v truy nhp. N c cu to t 2 vng l vng thnh vin v th mc (directory). p n cu 70: D Trong tp theo phng php truy nhp lu gi o (virtual storage access method file) c 4 loi: 1. ESDS - Entry Sequence Data Set: thch ng vi kiu truy nhp tun t 2. RRDS - Relative Record Data Set: thch ng vi kiu truy nhp trc tip 3. KSDS - Key Sequence Data Set: thch ng vi kiu t chc theo ch mc 4. LDS - Linear Data Set: dng x l tc cao. A l phn gii thch cho tp t chc phn hoch. B l phn gii thch cho tp t chc theo ch mc. C l phn gii thch cho tp truy nhp trc tip. E l phn gii thch cho tp truy nhp tun t. p n cu 71: C Phn hoch (Partition): tn gi thao tc khi lu cc n v khi trong qu trnh qun l b nh ch. Tro i (Swapping): vic b nh chnh v b nh ph cng chuyn cho nhau cc n v cng vic. nh tr (Deadlock): my khng hot ng trong khi ang thao tc, hin tng pht sinh do chc nng iu tit c quyn. Ph ngoi (Overlay): vic chia nh cc n v phn on (segment) khi chy chng trnh c ln ti b nh ch, ri lu chng li. Phn trang (Paging): giao dch chng trnh ti b nh ch v chng trnh ti b nh ph. p n cu 72: E Phng php cafeteria: ngi dng s ng k l v tip nhn kt qu, cn cc thao tc khc u do thao tc vin tin hnh. L m: ngi dng s tin hnh ton b cc thao tc t khi ng my cho n lp bng t. L trung tm: cho thm thao tc x l l t cc v tr tr v tr trung tm, c kt ni vi nhau bng ng truyn. L ng: ngi dng s trao cho thao tc vin tt c mi th cn thit nh bn trnh t thao tc v bng t, v yu cu thao tc vin thao tc h. 79

L t xa: d liu, cng vic (job) c gi t pha thit b u cui n my tnh thng qua ng truyn.

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p n cu 73: A A: x l giao dch trc tuyn B: x l kim sot thi gian thc (realtime control) C: h thng phn chia thi gian (time sharing system) D: x l theo l E. x l theo l t xa

p n cu 74: B Loosely couple multiprocessor: B a x l ghp lng c cu thnh t nhiu n v (cu to bi b x l v b nh). Tightly couple multiprocessor: B a x l ghp cht nhiu b x l dng chung mt b nh hay a. Array computer system: H thng my tnh mng mt b x l trung tm iu khin nhiu b x l. ng dng cho x l ng ng. Siu my tnh l v d in hnh. Tandem connection processor: B x l ghp ni trc sau h thng trong nhiu b x l c mc ni tip vi nhau. Do phn chia chc nng cho nhau, nn c th phn tn ph ti. Duplex processor system: H thng b x l song cng : hnh thc trong b phn ph s tip nhn cng vic ca b phn chnh khi trc trc xy ra. p n cu 75: C Thi gian p ng (response time): thi gian tnh t khi a ra yu cu hay truy vn cho h thng, n khi bt u tr li. Thng lng ( throughput) : o lng cng vic m h thng c th thc hin c trong mt n v thi gian. Thi gian quay vng ( turn arround time): thi gian tnh t khi a cng vic, cho ti khi ton b kt qu u ra c gi tr li. Ph ti (Overhead): l thi gian hay dung lng lin quan mt cch gin tip n thao tc x l. Thi gian ph ti (Overhead time): thi gian chng trnh iu hnh s dng CPU.

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p n cu 76: E Biu Z (Z graph): l mt loi biu s dng trong phn tch qun l cht lng. So snh gi tr lu k v gi tr gc. ng cong Gomperz: ng cong tim cn vi cc im pht sinh li trong phn mm. Khng i xng qua im un. ng cong Backman: s m hnh ho mi quan h gia cc d liu dng thit k phn mm. ng cong logistic: ng cong tim cn vi cc im pht sinh li phn mm. i xng qua im un. ng cong m t s bin ng ca t l s c c hnh dng rt ging vi hnh bn tm, do vy c gi l ng cong bn tm (bathstub curve).

p n cu 77: A Phng php k hiu Kendall: m t m hnh hng i di hnh thc X/Y/S/(N). Phng php k hiu Ba Lan: l phng php k hiu tin t, th hin bng cc du s hc. Nu trong phng php k hiu trung t thng thng l a+b th vit thnh +ab. Phng php k hiu Ba Lan o ngc: l phng php k hiu hu t. Nu trong phng php k hiu trung t thng thng l a+b th vit thnh ab+. Phng php k hiu nh phn: k hiu bng s nh phn. Dng thc Backus Naur: phng php kh hiu ngn ng my tnh p n cu 78: E Gii thch: ng cong tng trng tin cy (reliability growth curve) cn c gi l ng Gompertz. Nu hnh dng ca ng cong di y bin i nhiu, iu th hin rng, mt l c vn v trng hp kim th (test case), hoc l cc thao tc kim th khng c tin hnh mt cch tri chy.
S li ly tin Thi gian tin hnh kim tra

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p n cu 79: E File protection: bo v tp. Fault tolerance: kh nng chu ng sai st to cho chng trnh tnh d tha tng tin cy. K thut chng s c. Fault avoidance: trnh hng k thut, loi b s c. K thut tng cao tnh nng cho cc b phn cu thnh ca h thng, tng bn, hn ch pht sinh s c. Fail soft: hng mm, khi h thng b trc trc, d c thu hp hay gim tnh nng, th vn thc hin c thao tc x l. Fail safe: hng an ton c ch gip h thng vn hnh theo hng an ton khi pht sinh trc trc.

p n cu 80: E Cng thc: T sut vn hnh =

MTBF (MTBF + MTTR) MTBF (mean time between failures): thi gian trung bnh k t khi mt h thng hng c phc hi hot ng tr li cho n khi li b hng v ngng hot ng. MTTR (mean time to repare): thi gian trung bnh k t khi b hng, ngng hot ng cho n khi h thng c phc hi v hot ng tr li. Gii thch: T sut vn hnh p n cu 81: E - H thng ni tip: T sut vn hnh = a x b h thng ph A h thng ph A
=

190 (190 + 10)

190 200

95%

t sut vn hnh a t sut vn hnh b - H thng song song: T sut vn hnh = 1 (1 a) (1 b) h thng ph A t sut vn hnh a

h thng ph B t sut vn hnh b Gii thch: T sut vn hnh = 1 (1 W) (1 X.Y) (1 Z) = 1- 0,3 x 0,46 x 0,3 = 10,0414 = 0,9586 ~ 0,96 83

p n cu 82: C Gii thch: cc kt qu phi hp tnh hnh vn hnh cc h thng ph ca h thng 3-out-of-4 nh di y. O = operation (vn hnh) X = stop (ngng hot ng)
Trng hp Tnh trng ca cc h thng ph Tnh trng ton h thng

1 2 3 4 5 6 .. 16

O O O O X O X

o o o x o o x 5 = 0,3125 = 31% 16

o o x o o x x

o x o o o x x

o o o o o x x

T sut vn hnh =

p n cu 83: D Authoring: to ni dung a phng tin t nhiu loi d liu khc nhau. Xy dng chin dch qung co ca doanh nghip, trng by sn phm mi, tr chi, k chuyn, gio trnh ging dy C c thao tc son tho nhng tc phm video s thc theo bi cnh nht nh.

p n cu 84: B GIF (graphic interchange format): do cng ty CompuServe pht minh ra. T sut nn thp, t mu. JPEG (joint photographic experts group): c s dng rt nhiu nh fax mu, in thoi v tuyn hnh nh tnh, in n L phng php m ho tiu chun nh mu tnh. Do ISO v ITU-T tiu chun ho. MPEG (moving picture experts group): phng php nn nh ng mu nh phim TV, video, c th nn c m thanh. Do ISO tiu chun ho. MMR, Run Length: c hai u dng cho fax en trng. Phng php m ho tiu chun nh en trng.

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p n cu 85: B v E COBOL: ngn ng dng cho x l vn phng do CODASYL cng b. Fortran: ngn ng dng cho tnh ton khoa hc k thut do cng ty IBM pht trin. Prolog: ngn ng lp trnh kiu lgc. S dng khi pht trin phn mm trong lnh vc tr tu nhn to (Artificial Intelligence). Gii thch: Assembly Language l ngn ng bc thp c tc dng lm cho ngn ng my bt kh hiu, n trnh by m thao tc, a ch bng cc k hiu tng hnh (vit tt). Ngn ng my (Machine Language): ngn ng bc thp c x l bn trong my tnh.

p n cu 86: B Object Oriented Language (ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng): m t trng tm l i tng tng hp cc x l, cc thao tc c lin quan n d liu. V d nh SmallTall, C++, Java Machine Oriented Language: l ngn ng bc thp c trong mt s loi CPU cng c th. Tabular Form Language: ngn ng dng biu bng. Vic vit cc yu cu x l theo nh dng xc nh trc bng ngn ng dng biu bn s t ng sinh ra chng trnh tng ng Logical Program Language (ngn ng lgc): tiu biu l Prolog, m t cc cng thc lm c s cho lgc xc nhn. Dng trong lnh vc tr tu nhn to Gii thch: Functional Program Language l ngn ng hm, m t hm bng cng thc, v trnh by chng trnh di dng nesting structure equation . Bao gm LISP. p n cu 87: B Chng trnh dch hp ng: dch chng trnh m t bng ngn ng Assembler sang ngn ng my. Chng trnh phin dch: phin dch tng dng trong chng trnh m t bng ngn ng bc cao. Generater: ra iu kin i vi tng vn c th. To chng trnh bng cch nhp cc tham s. Translater: thc hin vic thay i ngun Gii thch: trong cc ngn ng bc cao dch bng Chng trnh bin dch (compiler), c COBOL, Fortran, PL/1

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p n cu 88: E UNC Universal Namint Conversion: phng php m t ngun chung ca ring MS. ULR: a ch internet cho bit a im cha thng tin nh www hay FTP HDLC: trnh t iu khin d liu ng nht. Quy cc n v khung thnh nhm ng nht v tin hnh iu khin thao tc truyn. SGML: ngn ng nh ngha vn bn a dng do ISO tiu chun ho dng trao i vn bn in t. ARC Advanced Risc Computing Name: phng php m t ch nh HD c s dng trong Boot.ini ca MS.

p n cu 89: C Gii thch: <IMG>: chn tp tin dng nh vo trang. <HEAD>: m t thng tin ca ti liu nh tn ti liu <BODY>: ni dung c vit gia <BODY> ~ <BODY> th hin trong trnh duyt. <BR>: th biu th s xung dng. Khng c th dng </BR>. <P>: bin phn gia <P> ~ <P> thnh mt on.

p n cu 90: A A. ng dng ( reentrant) : phn th tc th cc quy trnh chung nhau, cn phn d liu c chun b cho tng quy trnh ring bit. B. quy (recursive): c th t gi mnh trong khi ang chy. C. Ti inh v ( relocatable): c th ti b tr trn bt k mt a ch no ca RAM (b nh chnh) D. Ti s dng (reuseable): tn gi chung ca ng dng v ti s dng ni tip. E. Ti s dng ni tip (serial reuseable): chng trnh trong , sau khi ti mt ln ln b nh chnh, vn c th cho php chng trnh khc s dng m khng cn phi ti li.

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p n cu 91: A Phng ch: thit lp kiu ch (loi phng ch), kch c, mu sccho k t hin th trong . Kiu hin th: b sung thuc tnh hin th cn c vo loi ch s bn trong . V d, nu l s tin th thm k t vo. ng vin: thit lp c hoc khng c ng vin, m nht, mu sc ca 4 ng vin bao xung quanh . Bo v kha: quyt nh c bo v trong mt n v hay khng. Gii thch: Cng thc tnh dng tnh d liu trong , khng phi l dng thc thuc tnh hin th. Khi thit lp dng thc cho , c cc thao tc kiu dng thc phn b phng ch ng vin kiu.

p n cu 92: A Cch suy lun: SUM l php tnh tng cc c chn. AVERAGE l php tnh bnh qun cc c chn. $ ghi trong to l k hiu tham chiu tuyt i, nu copy cng thc tnh trong c cha k hiu ny, th gi tr ca cng s khng thay i mt cch tng i. Ch c ct A l tham chiu tuyt i. Do , cng thc tnh ca C4 c copy t A4 s tr thnh SUM($A1:C3) v kt qu l 45, tng ca 1 n 9. Cng thc trong C4 copy t B4 s tr thnh AVERAGE($A1:B3), kt qu l 3.5, bnh qun ca 1 n 6.

p n cu 93: B im chnh: $ trong cng thc l k hiu tham chiu tuyt i, nu copy cng thc tnh trong c cha k hiu ny, th gi tr ca cng s khng thay i mt cch tng i. Gii thch: copy C1 sang C2 s lm dch chuyn mt ct. Do vy, A1 s thay i thnh A2, $B$2 l tham chiu tuyt i nn khng thay i. Theo , cng thc C2 s tr thnh SUM(A2:$B$2), kt qu bng 3+4=7. Khi copy t C1 sang cell C3 cng tng t nh vy, $B$2 khng thay i v thnh SUM(A3:$B$2), do quy tc k hiu ca cng thc, s hin th thnh SUM(A$2:$B3). Kt qu l 3+4+5+6=18.

87

p n cu 94: D Cng c CASE thng lu: h tr quy trnh pht trin thng lu nh nh ngha yu cu, phn tch, thit k nghip v i tng... Cng c CASE h lu: h tr quy trnh pht trin h lu nh quy trnh ch to, quy trnh kim th Cng c CASE tch hp: cng c kt hp gia cng c CASE trn v di. Cng c CASE chung: h tr cc thao tc chung. Gii thch: Cng c CASE bo tr c cc tnh nng nh: tnh nng k ngh ngc (reverse engineering) trong to thng tin thit k t chng trnh nguyn thu, tnh nng b tr xp t li trong tin hnh lp s cu trc m un hay cu trc ho.

p n cu 95: E Inspector: cng c g ri (debug) m t cu trc dng d theo di v c th xc nhn c. Dump routine: xut d liu ni dung trong b nh ch hay trn thanh ghi ti mt thi im nht nh, sang my in hay b nh ngoi. Theo di (tracer): khi thc hin lnh, xut d liu ni dung ca lnh, ng dn, ni dung ca thanh ghi ngay sau khi thc hin, sang my in hay b nh ngoi. Trnh to d liu kim th (test data generator): t ng to d liu kim th bng cc tham s n gin. Gii thch: Trnh phc v h tr vic vn hnh h thng v thc hin trnh s dng (user program). p n cu 96: D Wire Frame Model: l mt loi k thut m hnh ha hnh thc, trong s dng cu trc 3 chiu. Waterfall Model: tin hnh thao tc pht trin trong trnh t t quy trnh thng lu n quy trnh h lu. Prototype Model: m hnh trong tin hnh lm th sn phm trong giai on u ca quy trnh pht trin, v kim th xc nhn yu cu ca ngi s dng. Client Server Model: mt hnh thc ca h thng x l phn b. Gii thch: Spiral Model l m hnh pht trin trong lp i lp li cc quy trnh pht trin theo tng h thng con mt.

88

p n cu 97: B Gii thch: Trnh t v khi qut ca thao tc nh sau: 1. K hoch c bn: iu tra phn tch tnh kh thi ca h thng l i tng pht trin. 2. Thit k bn ngoi: thit k cc tnh nng 3. Thit k bn trong: thit k kt cu ca chng trnh 4. Thit k chng trnh: thit k kt cu bn trong (thut ton) ca tng n v m-un. 5. Lp trnh: tin hnh vit m 6. Kim tra: kim tra hot ng ca h thng C l quy trnh lm vic thng thng. D l quy trnh lm vic sai. E l vng i ca phn mm p n cu 98: D Thit k bn ngoi l thao tc xc nh tnh nng cho h thng, da trn c s cc iu kin ca h thng do ngi dng t ra. 2. Kim tra iu kin h thng 3. La chn phng thc x l h thng 4. nh ngha h thng con v phn chia tnh nng 5. Tnh nng ca h thng con v thit k giao din 6. M hnh nghip v (giao din, dng thc, m) 7. Thit k m hnh d liu lgc 8. Thit k bo mt 9. c t kim tra h thng 10. Hng dn s dng 11. Xem li sch thit k p n cu 99: E ngha ca cc k hiu nh sau:

W
Ngun d liu hoc ch d liu

Y1
Lung d liu

X1
X l

Z
Lu d liu (tp)

Gii thch: Quy trnh biu th vic "x l" d liu cn c gi l vic chuyn i t dng d liu i vo thnh dng d liu i ra. Trong DFD khng cha phn t mang tn "thc th d liu data entity"

89

p n cu 100: B Bn ghi c chiu di c nh: chiu di ca tt c cc bn ghi lgc u bng nhau, rt d s dng. Bn ghi c chiu di bin i: chiu di ca bn ghi lgc khng ng u. Chiu di bn ghi c lu u bn ghi. Bn ghi c chiu di khng xc nh: chiu di ca bn ghi lgc khng ng u v thng tin v chiu di ca bn ghi cng khng c lu. Phn bit bn ghi da vo IBG. Gii thch: Bn ghi bao trm c th kt ni ti nhiu khi lu bn ghi lgc.

p n cu 101: C bn thi gian: ch bit thi gian thc hin l ging nhau. Khng d on c mi quan h vi cc chng trnh khc. bn th tc: x l nhiu tnh nng theo mt trnh t th tc cn thit. bn thng tin: nhiu tnh nng cng tham chiu mt d liu. C u th v mt d liu c cc b ho v c th ti s dng li. bn chc nng: phn bit tng chc nng mt vi nhau v mi chc nng c coi l mt chng trnh. u im l c tnh c lp, tin cy, tnh m rng cao, kh nng bo tr v ti s dng d dng. Gii thch: bn trao i l vic x l nhiu chc nng c cha cc d liu lin quan n nhau theo mt trnh t cn thit. Th t u tin ca cc bn l nh sau: Tnh nng thng tin trao i th tc thi gian lgc trng hp p n cu 102: B Hp kt hp: lp cc hng mc thnh danh sch v chn ly mt t danh sch . Hp nh du: l b phn cng c cch chn la tng t nh nt bm radio, tuy nhin c th la chn nhiu phng n cng mt lc. Hp k t: hp hnh vung nhp v hin th k t. Menu ko xung: hin th mt bng ko xung t thanh menu. C th b sung thm menu con. Gii thch: Nt bm radio ch cho php chn 1 trong nhiu phng n. Khi chn mt phng n, th phng n c la chn trc s t ng b xo. B phn nhp trn mn hnh nh vy thng c s dng trong GUI ca MS-Windows, Unix, LinuxTrong trng hp MS-Office th c th chy trong mi trng VB.

90

p n cu 103: B v D STS partioning method: gn vi dng d liu, phn hoch cu trc chng trnh thnh ngun, bin i v b cha. Common function partioning method : gn vi dng d liu, nu c tnh nng tng t nhau th chnh l v hp nht li. Transaction partioning method: gn vi dng d liu, to cc m un mi khi tin hnh x l giao dch nhp. Gii thch: Warnier method: gn vi cu trc c d liu ging nhau, phn phn hoch d liu nhp v x l tp tin cn c vo thuyt tp hp. Jackson method: gn vi cu trc d liu, quyt nh cu trc da trn mi quan h gia cc d liu nhp v xut. p n cu 104: C Ngun (source): phn x l d liu nhp Bin i (transform): phn chuyn i d liu nhp thnh d liu xut. B cha (sink): phn x l d liu xut. Gii thch: Phng php phn hoch STS l phng php thit k dng d liu do Meyers ngh ra, tn gi ca phng php ny c ghp t 3 ch ci u ca 3 phn t phn hoch trn y. p n cu 105: B

X l
iu kin

Khng hon thnh Hon thnh

X l X l X l

M hnh tun t

Vng Do While

Ba cu trc c bn l cu trc tun t, cu trc la chn v cu trc vng lp (kiu vng lp)

91

p n cu 106: B Biu tin trnh: l phng php c in m t quy trnh ca chng trnh. Biu NS: phng php trnh by s cho bit trnh t x l lp trnh theo cu trc. DFD: phng php v s m t quy trnh d liu ca h thng do T.DeMarco xng. HIPO: phng php v s vn bn ho khi lp trnh do cng ty IBM pht minh ra. ERD: l m t da trn mi quan h gia s vic ca th gii thc t vi cc thc th. p n cu 107: E WYSIWYG: what you see is what you get ci m ta nhn thy chnh l ci ta c GUI Graphical user interface: chn cc biu tng hoc nt trn mn hnh v thao tc CUI - Character base user interface: ch yu l biu th k t v nhp lnh MMI Man-machine interface: ng ngha vi giao din con ngi (human interface) API l giao din chng trnh ng dng cho php mt chng trnh khc s dng tnh nng ca n. p n cu 108: A v C 5 quy trnh c thc hin theo trnh t nh sau:

kim th n v

kim th tch hp

kim th h thng

kim th ph duyt

kim th v n hnh

Gii thch: Kim th vn hnh l kim th tnh nng v tnh thao tc trong iu kin ging ht nh khi vn hnh trong thc t v do ngi dng thc hin. Trong kim th ph duyt s s dng cc d liu m ngi dng cui chun b khi tin hnh bn giao. p n cu 109: A Trnh to d liu kim th (test data generator): chng trnh t ng to d liu dng kim th chng trnh. Phn sn: phn mm nm v tr gia OS v chng trnh ng dng (application program). Trnh iu khin: m un s thay th cho m un cp cao cha hon thnh. M phng: ngn ng thng c s dng khi m hnh ho. Gii thch: Nh c stub, trong kim th t trn xung, ngay c khi m un cp thp cha hon thnh vn c th tin hnh kim th m un cp cao.

92

p n cu 110: B Kim th tnh chu ng: kim th xem c th chu c trong iu kin s dng lin tc trong thi gian di hay khng. Kim th hiu nng: nh gi phn ng ca ton b h thng nh v tc x l, thi gian phn hi khi nhp xut. Kim th t di ln: kim th t chng trnh cp thp n chng trnh cp cao. Kim th ti: tc ng mt lc ti nht nh ln h thng nh gi xem chng trnh c chu c hay khng. Gii thch: kim th hi quy l kim th phn khng thay i (khng phi l phn c b sung, thay i) c b nh hng g khng. p n cu 111: D Bao trm tt c iu kin: phng php thc hin vi tt c cc t hp khi kim th hp trng. Phng php ln k hoch th nghim: to ma trn v nguyn nhn v tnh trng, v la chn tnh hung kim th (test case) Biu nhn qu: v thnh biu mi quan h gia nhp v xut, ri thit k trin khai thnh bng quyt nh. Phn tch ng tr: phn chia cc d liu nhp thnh cc nhm ng tr, ri ly gi tr i biu cho nhm thnh d liu kim th. Gii thch: trong phn tch ng tr, c th s dng bt k mt gi tr no lm gi tr i biu cho nhm ng tr, nhng trong phn tch gi tr gii hn, ly gi tr u nhm ng tr lm d liu kim th. p n cu 112: B A. Kim tra trng: kim tra xem d liu c b trng lp hay khng B. Kim tra gii hn: kim tra xem d liu c vt ra ngoi phm vi gii hn trn v gii hn di hay khng. C. Kim tra s: kim tra xem trong ct s c ln cc gi tr khc khng phi l s hay khng. D. Kim tra dng thc: kim tra xem s c b lch hay khng. E. Kim tra i chiu: kim tra i chiu ni dung ca tp tin. Ngoi ra, cn c k s kim tra (check digit), kim tra hiu lc (validity check), kim tra trnh t (sequence check), kim tra tnh ton (count check), chn cho (cross footing). p n cu 113: E Gi s k s kim tra l D. Ta c: D = mod ((1 x 1 + 9 x 2 + 1 x 3 + 4 x 4),10) 93

= mod ((1 + 18 +3 + 16), 10) = mod (38,10) =8 mod (a,b) l s d ca php chia a cho b. Gn k s kim tra 8 vo d liu 1914. p n cu 114: B Tng kt: span of control c ngha l s ngi cp di do mt ngi trc tip qun l, ch o. Gii thch: s c c cu t chc nh di y, do vy c 2 tng qun l.
Tng cng 21 ngi Tng qun l

Tng qun l

p n cu 115: C RASIS chnh l: R = Reliability (tnh tin cy) A = Avaibility (tnh c sn) S = Serviceability (tnh phc v c) I = Integrity (tnh ton vn) S = Security (tnh bo mt) p n cu 116: E Atomicity tnh nguyn t c ngha l: c th chia nh cc n v thao tc nh nht thnh lm v khng lm Consistency tnh nht qun c ngha l: d liu trong cc bng khng b mu thun vi nhau trc v sau khi thay i, cp nht d liu. Isolation tnh c lp: ngay c khi nhiu giao dch cng truy cp vo nhng khng can thip, cn tr ln nhau. Durability tnh lu bn c ngha l: khng bao gi xo i nhng ni dung mi cp nht trong c s d liu p n cu 117: C M hnh quy trnh (process model): l thao tc m t quy trnh pht trin phn mm. Trong cc loi m hnh quy trnh, c m hnh thc (waterfall model). G ri chng trnh (program debug): thao tc pht hin v sa li trong chng trnh. 94

Lm bn mu (proto typing): l k thut xy dng phn mm dng th, ti giai on u ca qu trnh pht trin h thng. K ngh tin Forward engineering: thao tc xy dng phn mm da trn cc c t ca h thng Gii thch: K ngh ngc (reverse engineering) khng ch c s dng trong quy trnh bo tr, m cn c s dng trong trng hp xy dng phn mm tng thch. Trong trng hp ny, s tin hnh dng li chng trnh ngun hay lu , da trn chng trnh ang c thc hin. p n cu 118: E Gii thch: Tin hnh bo tr theo h thng v tnh nng nh s di y.
Ngi chu trch nhim h thng

Trao i Ngi qun l bo tr Ch th cng

Tr li

D n bo tr
Xc nhn ni dung

Ngi dng Yu cu bo tr

Ngi qun l thay i

Bo co

Thng tin v thay i Ngi qun l cu hnh

Ngi bo tr

Thng bo hon thnh

p n cu 119: C - Thi gian tm kim v tr bnh qun = 20 mili giy - Thi gian ch quay bnh qun = thi gian quay 1 na vng a 60 giy x 1 = 6 mili giy. 5000 (vng/pht) 2 - Thi gian gi d liu: c mt cung t, cn 500 byte = 1 vng 15000 byte 30 Thi gian quay mt vng a: 60 giy : 5000 rpm = 12 mili giy Do vy, thi gian gi d liu trn mt cung t = 12 giy x 1 = 0,4 mili giy. 30 Theo cng thc trn, ta c: 20 mili giy + 6 mili giy + 0,4 mili giy = 26,4 mili giy

p n 120: A Th tc c bn (basic procedure): th tc c. c chun ho vo nm 1975. Gi v nhn tin da vo 10 k t iu khin truyn. Th tc HDLC high level data link control procedure: l phng php t chc d liu 95

da vo cc khung, tin hnh iu khin truyn v qun l li d liu da vo cc n v khung. tin cy cao. Tc cao. Th tc TTY Tele TY pewriter Procedure: phng php khng tnh n trnh t iu khin truyn. Th tc a mc ni multi link procedure: kt hp nhiu knh (ng dn d liu) cng mt lc v s dng tng t nh mt knh duy nht. SLP single link procedure: Th tc truyn d liu c tin hnh song song vi mi knh trong trnh t a kt ni. p n cu 121: E Gii thch: F 8 bit A 8 bit C 8 bit I
di tu chn

FCS 8 bit

F 8 bit

F: k hiu phn cch biu th s bt u v kt thc ca khung. C nh bi (01111110)2. A: a ch ca trm pha gi - nhn ca khung. C: biu th lnh hnh ng hoc tr li i vi trm cn li. FCS: bit kim tra dng qun l li I: d liu truyn ti p n cu 122: A ACK: chp nhn. Cu tr li gi t pha nhn tin cho bn gi tin vi ngha l chp nhn. ENQ: truy vn. Yu cu trm i phng tr li. STX - start of text: bt u vn bn. ETX end of text: kt thc vn bn SYN synchronous idle: nhn ri ng b. p n cu 123: A Cu trc 7 tng nh sau: Tng 7 Tng 6 Tng 5 Tng 4 Tng 3 Tng 2 Tng 1 Tng ng dng (Application layer) Tng trnh by, trnh din (Presentation layer) Tng phin (Session layer) Tng vn chuyn (Transport layer) Tng mng (Network layer) Tng mc ni d liu (Data-Link layer) Tng vt l (Physical layer)

p n cu 124: D Khi so snh cc tng ca m hnh tham chiu OSI v cc tng ca TCP/IP, ta c bng sau: 96

OSI Reference Model Tng 7 Tng 6 Tng 5 Tng 4 Tng 3 Tng 2 Tng 1 Tng ng dng Tng trnh by Tng phin Tng vn chuyn Tng mng Tng LLC Tng MAC Tng vt l

TCP/IP Layer Model Tng ng dng TELNET, SMTP DHCP, FTP HTTP, DNS TCP, VDP IP, RIP, OSPF din CSMA/CD Token Ring

Tng vn chuyn Tng internet Tng mng giao

p n cu 125: D Token ring: iu khin quyn truyn ti da vo th bi (token) xoay vng trn ng truyn. Phng php truy nhp tin nh CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access with collision detection): tt c cc nt mng u gim st cc sng mang trn ng truyn. Phng php truy nhp phi tin nh Token bus: l phng php tng t nh token ring. S dng mng c cu hnh but bus TDMA (time division multiple access): iu khin vic truy nhp da vo cng ngh TDM, s dng khi dn knh d liu s thc. CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance): thu nh xc sut xung t, cc nt mng truyn tin s dng thi gian i mt cch ngu nhin. S dng trong mng LAN khng dy. p n cu 126: C 10BASE-T: s dng cp xon i nhm 3 tr ln, v gic cm mun (modular jack) RJ-45 kt ni vi thit b u cui my tnh, c tc truyn l 10Mbps. 10BASE2: s dng cp ng trc v gic cm hnh ch T kt ni vi thit b u cui my tnh, c tc truyn l 10Mbps. 100BASE-TX: s dng cp xon i hng 5 tr ln v gic cm mun RJ-45 kt ni vi thit b u cui my tnh, c tc truyn l 100Mbps. 10BASE5: s dng cp ng trc, gi l cp vng, v my thu pht (tranceiver) kt ni vi thit b u cui my tnh, c tc truyn l 10Mbps. 100BASE-FX: s dng cp quang (optical fiber cable) kt ni, c tc truyn l 100Mbps. p n cu 127: A SMTP: dng cho gi v nhn th in t. NNTP (network news transfer protocol): giao thc truyn ti dng trong Usenet tng ng vi bng thng bo in t (electronic bulletin board). FTP (file transfer protocol): giao thc dng truyn ti tp tin. 97

HTTP (hyper text transfer protocol): giao thc dng gi v nhn vn bn HTML. SNMP (simple network management protocol): giao thc qun l. p n cu 128: C AM Amplitude Modulation: iu bin bin tng ng vi 1 v 0 ca tn hiu. PM Phase Modulation: iu bin pha. Thay i pha sng truyn thng, tng ng vi 1v 0 ca tn hiu. FM Frequency Modulation: iu bin tn s. Bin i tn hiu 1 v 0 tng ng thnh sng f1 v f2. PCM: (Pulse Code Modulation) iu bin m xung bin tn hiu tng t thnh tn hiu s thc. ADPCM: b sung thm k thut nn vo PCM. p n cu 129: B ng b ho SYN: phng php t c s ng b bng cch gi m ng b (SYN) bn nhn tin tin hnh tm kim v tr bt u. c s dng trong th tc c bn. Cn c gi l ng b ho k t. ng b ho c: phng php t c s ng b bng cch gi cng mt kiu c nht nh. Dng trong th tc HDLC. ng b ho bt u - kt thc: do truyn d liu khng c lin quan n bn nhn tin, nn cn c gi l khng ng b. Khi gi mt k t (8 bit), cn phi c 10 bit, do vy hiu qu khng cao. p n cu 130: D Kim tra bit chn l l: thm 1 hoc 0 s cc bit 1 l s l. Kim tra bit chn l theo chiu ngang: kim tra bng cch thm bit chn l vo n v k t s bit 1 tr thnh s chn hoc s l. Kim tra bit chn l theo chiu dc: kim tra bng cch thm k t kim tra chn l vo cui khi. M Hamming: thm mt bit gi l hamming code pht hin li bit v sa li. Phng php CRC: l phng php trong coi d liu truyn ti l a thc v coi kt qu tnh ton lm m vng b sung thm vo. p n cu 131: E Lng d liu truyn = s k t x (bit u + di d liu ca mt k t + bit cui) = 600 x (1+8+1) = 6000 bit. Thi gian truyn: 6000bit 1200bit/giy = 5 giy p n cu 132: D 98

Cng thc: t l li bit = s bit li tng s bit truyn S bit truyn = tc truyn x thi gian truyn Gii thch: s bit truyn = 14.400 x 60 T l li bit = 1 (14.400 x 60) = 1 864.000 = 1,15 x 10-6 = 1,2 x 10-6

99

p n cu 133: D Chuyn tip khung (frame relay): l phng php trong chia nh thng ip theo n v khung ri truyn s thc. Phn bit ch truyn n da vo gi tr DLCI (data link connection identifier) ca cc khung. DDX-C: l phng php chuyn mch, truyn d liu s thc. DDX-P: l phng php chuyn mch gi lu tr, truyn d liu s thc. Phng php chuyn mch STM: l mt loi phng php dn knh phn chia thi gian (time division multiplexing). Phng php truyn d b ATM (asynchronous transfer mode): l phng php chia nh thng tin thnh tng t bo c di bng nhau ri truyn i, c th truyn vi s lng ln v tc cao m khng ph thuc vo loi d liu. p n cu 134: E FDM Prequency Division Multiplex: dn knh bng phn chia tn s OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex: Dn knh phn chia tn s trc giao k thut truyn tn hiu s thc vi tc v cht lng cao. CDM Code Division Multiplex: Dn knh phn m :phn tn tp m gi (PN-Pseud Noise) n cho tng ngi dng. TDM Time Division Multiplex: Dn knh phn chia thi gian chia nh thi gian ri gi. WDM Wavelength Division Multiplex: Dn knh phn chia chiu di sng k thut ny c ci tin c mt cao hn gi l DWDM. p n cu 135: D Cu hnh hnh sao: Do mi nt mng (node) s dng mt ng truyn nn tin cy tng i cao. Cu hnh vng: nhiu nt mng cng kt ni chung mt ng truyn nn nu b hng th s nh hng n ton b mng. Cu hnh bus: tng t nh cu hnh vng, tu theo a im b hng, s gy nh hng n ton b cc nt mng. Tnh m rng cao Cu hnh mng li (mesh): mi nt mng c kt ni vi nhiu nt mng khc, nn nu pht sinh trc trc, th c th la chn mch khc trnh i, do vy tin cy rt cao. Cu hnh hn hp: c cc cu hnh knh, vng, hnh sao c ni trc tip vi nhau. c s dng trong Arcnet.

100

p n cu 136: A MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): mng quy m thnh ph. LAN (Local Area Network): hnh thc mng quy m nh lp t ti cng mt ch hay ni thc hin cng mt nghip v thao tc. JAN (Japanese Article Number): tiu chun m vch ca Nht Bn. VAN (Value Added Network): dch v x l truyn thng c b sung thm vo dch v truyn thng c bn mt dch v gi tr gia tng mi nh chuyn i giao thc WAN (Wide Area Network): hnh thc kt ni mng LAN gia cc phng lm vic hay gia cc doanh nghip vi nhau bng ng truyn. Internet l mt kiu mng WAN. p n cu 137: B Cc tiu chun nh sau: IEEE 802.11 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g Sng truyn thng 2.4GHz 5GHz 2.4GHz 2.4GHz Phng php iu bin FHSS hoc DSSS OFDM CCK CCK , OFDM Tc truyn ti a 2Mbps 54Mbps 11Mbps 54Mbps

IMT2000 do ITU tiu chun ho v l phng php truyn thng di ng ca in thoi di ng th h th 3. p n cu 138: D CCU: n v iu khin truyn (communication control unit). N tin hnh lp ghp, tch cc k t truyn trong h thng my tnh a dng, v qun l cc li ca d liu khi gi nhn. DTE: n v u cui d liu (data terminal equipment). Tn gi chung ca cc thit b truyn d liu. V d nh CCU, PC c tnh nng truyn ti, my ch (host computer). DSU: n v phc v s thc (digital service unit). Thit b kt ni thit b cui my tnh vi ng truyn s thc. DCE Data Circuit terminating equipment: tn gi chung ch thit b kt ni DTE v mch truyn d liu. V d nh modem, DSU, NCU, TA Gii thch: NCU (n v kim sot mng network control unit): s dng trong trng hp truyn d liu trong mng in thoi c nh thng thng Khng cn trong trng hp mch chuyn dng.

101

p n cu 139: B B lp (HUB): tip sng mc tng vt l. HUB l b lp a cng. Cu: tip sng mc tng kt ni d liu (data link). Phn on xem c tip sng bng a ch MAC hay khng. B chn ng (router): tip sng mc tng mng. Phn on xem c tip sng a ch giao thc (protocol address) hay khng. B chuyn mch (switch): thc hin mt trong ba chc nng trn khi tin hnh x l phn mm. p n cu 140: C Mozilla: phn mm trnh duyt c to ra bi d n ngun m (Open source project) do cng ty Netscape a ra. Netscape Navigator: phn mm trnh duyt do cng ty Netscape Communication pht trin. MOSAIC: phn mm trnh duyt cho NCSA ca Trng i hc Illinois ca M pht trin. Opera: sn phm ca cng ty Opera Software. Open Office: l phn mm vn phng m ngun m do cng ty Sun Microsystem cng b. Khng phi l phn mm trnh duyt. p n cu 141: E A l M hnh d liu phn cp B l M hnh d liu mng C l bng tnh D l Biu thc th quan h E l M hnh d liu quan h Trong M hnh d liu quan h s s dng bng, trong bng (table) gi l quan h (relation), dng (row) l b, ct (column) l thuc tnh. p n cu 142: B Gii thch: khng c thao tc lp li d liu, nn ch c chun ha th 1. chun ha th 1: tch bit v c lp cc yu t lp li. chun ha th 2: c lp ho cc mc c thuc tnh hm. C ngha l sao cho nhng mc khng phi l kho chnh (main key) c th c xc nh nh vo kho chnh. chun ha th 3: c ngha l sao cho nhng mc khng phi l kho chnh ch c th xc nh c bng kho chnh.
M nhn vin Tn nhn vin

M nhn vin

M chng ch

Ngy t chng ch

102

M chng ch

Tn chng ch

chun ha th 4: khng tin hnh p n cu 143: D La chn: thao tc trong ch ly ra t bng nhng dng tho mn iu kin c th. Chia: kim tra xem trong cc ct ca hai bng, xem mt bng c cha ton b cc yu t ca bng cn li hay khng. Kt ni: thao tc trong s kt hp cc nhm trong hai bng tr ln tho mn iu kin v to mt bng mi. Chiu (projection): thao tc trong ly ra t bng nhng ct ch nh. Gii thch: Tch l php ton tp hp, trong s to ra mt bng mi cha tt c cc dng ca hai bng ban u p n cu 144: C A l gii thch cho php la chn. B l gii thch cho php chiu C l gii thch cho php kt hp D l gii thch cho php tnh tng (SUM). E l gii thch cho php tnh tch cc (cartesian product) p n cu 145: A CREAT: nh ngha b. L mt loi SQL DDL INSERT: chn d liu vo bng. L mt loi SQL DML UPDATE: cp nht d liu ca bng. L mt loi ca SQL DML SELECT: c ra thao tc x l trong bng. L mt loi ca SQL DML. GRANT: cp quyn x l cho ngi dng c s d liu. L mt loi ca SQL DCL. p n cu 146: C CREATE: nh ngha bng (to bng) UPDATE: cp nht d liu trong bng DELETE: xo ct trong bng tho mn iu kin. SELECT: thc hin truy vn (hoc hi) chn ra ct trong bng tho mn iu kin. INSERT: chn d liu vo bng. Trong v d ny: UPDATE Studen Table SET Gender = Male, Age = 45 Where Name = Viet p n cu 147: B Trong biu thc iu kin dng truy vn ca SQL (query using conditional expression) 103

c nhng loi sau: - Ton t so snh (ton t quan h): =, >, < - Ton t lgc: AND, OR, NOT - Ton t so snh xu k t (character string comparison operator): LIKE, %, _ - Ton t cho gi tr khng (null value operator) p n cu 148: B im chnh: Trong cc cch ch nh hm s tp hp c nhng loi sau: SUM (tn ct): tng cc ct cha s ch nh AVG (tn ct): bnh qun cc ct cha s ch nh MIN (tn ct): gi tr nh nht trong cc ct cha s ch nh MAX (tn ct): gi tr cao nht trong cc ct cha s ch nh COUNT (*): m cc hng tho mn iu kin Gii thch: Tnh bnh qun tui theo ton b danh sch nhn vin (22 + 24 + 26 + 28) / 4 = 25 p n cu 149: D B ci t: chng trnh h tr vic ci t phn mm. Thut s: chc nng hng dn thao tc. D vt: chng trnh cho bit thc t hay kt qu thc hin lnh. Cn gi l chng trnh theo di du tch. Tng la: chng trnh bo mt nhm trnh khng cho ngi ngoi truy cp vo mng LAN ni b ca doanh nghip thng qua internet. Chng trnh theo di: l chng trnh dit virt, cn c gi l phn mm theo di my tnh. p n cu 150: B Hai kho s dng trong phng php m kho cng khai gm c kho cng cng (public key) v kho c nhn (private key). Phng php m kho chung l phng php mt m i xng, s dng chung mt kho m ho v gii m. Hai loi kho ny c gi l kho thng thng hay l kho i xng. Phng php DES l mt v d ca phng php m kho chung. Phng php RSA l mt v d ca phng php m kho cng khai. p n cu 151: B PKI public key infrastructure (kin trc m kho cng cng): l ton b cu trc h tng cc ln dng ng dng Chng nhn in t (Digital Certification) mt cch rng ri. Ch k in t: phng php cho bit vic c s chng thc v khng c s gi mo ca ngi tin hnh giao dch thng mi in t (EC). CA - certificate authority (c quan chng nhn): c quan cp chng nhn in t. 104

Digital watermark: thng tin bn quyn gn vi ni dung in t. Gi mo: bt chc phong cch ca ngi khc thc hin hnh vi phi php. p n cu 152: A Packet Filtering: kim tra a ch IP a ch ni gi, a ch IP ni n, s cng ca mi gi tin. Application Gateway: ci t mt Proxy Server ranh gii gia mng LAN ni b v bn ngoi. DMZ De-Millitarized Zone: v tr lp t my ch hng ngoi bn ngoi mng LAN ni b. NAT Network Address Translator: mt a ch IP c nhn trong t chc c i ng vi mt a ch IP ton cu. IP Masquarade: mt a ch IP ton cu c i ng vi nhiu a ch IP c nhn. Cn c gi NAPT. p n cu 153: A Sao lu phn khc nhau: Sao lu tt c cc tp tin c cp nht sau khi sao lu ton b. Sao lu phn tng: backup tt c cc tp tin c cp nht sau khi backup phn tng ln trc. Sao lu ton b: sao lu ton b ni dung d liu trong a. RAID (redundant arrays of inexpensive disks): k thut tng hp nhiu a cng li, ri qun l mt cch lgc nh l mt a cng (HD). Data Migration (di tr d liu): l k thut va di tr nhng d liu c tn sut s dng t sang a quang bn ngoi, v lu li a cng mt cch lgc. p n cu 154: D Ta cn ch nhng im sau thit lp c mt password kn o, kh b pht hin. (1) Khng ch c cc k t a,b,c m phi cho thm c ch s vo. (2) Khng s dng nhng k t hoc ch s c lin quan n thng tin c nhn nh tn hay sinh nht ca bn thn hay ca ngi thn trong gia nh. (3) C gng thay i cng thng xuyn cng tt. (4) Khng thit lp password ngn, qu t k t. (5) Khng ch dng cc ch s latinh m nu c th s dng cc k hiu nh #,$,& th s c rt nhiu cch kt hp. (6) Tuyt i khng nn ghi nhng ni ngi khc c th nhn thy. p n cu 155: E Ngi u tin thit k ra URL, HTTP, HTML l Timothy John Berness-Lee. Vo nm 1994, ng tr thnh gim c ca WWW Consortium. Tiu chun cho HTML cho n thi im u do IETF v RFC son tho. Cc phin bn t HTML 3.2 tr i u do 105

WWW Consortium cho php cng b v quy chun ho. p n cu 156: C Nm 1980 Nm 1982 Nm 1983 IEEE803 IEEE802.3 IEEE802.3a IEEE802.3i IEEE802.3y IEEE802.3u IEEE802.3ab IEEE802 Tiu chun Ethernet 1.0 Ethernet 2.0 CMSA/CD 10BASE5 10BASE2 10BASE-T 100BASE-T2 100BASE-T4,TX,FX 1000BASE-T

Gio s Robert M.Metcalfe thnh lp cng ty 3Com vo nm 1979 v cng ty ny vn cn tn ti cho n ngy nay. p n cu 157: D Phng php KJ: l phng php pht trin c tnh sng to do Kawakita Jiro ngh ra. Phng php Delphi: d bo tng lai da trn kt qu ca bng cu hi iu tra. Phng php least square: phng php tnh ton ra ng phng hng sao cho sai s l nh nht. Brain Storming: phng php h tr sng to do Osborne a ra. S xng c: s nguyn nhn kt qu (cause & effect diagram) p n cu 158: B Nguyn tc cn i ti sn gm: - Nguyn tc tnh ton vn khi cn i ti sn - Nguyn tc tng kim ngch - Nguyn tc phn loi v chnh hp Nguyn tc tnh ton l li gm: - Nguyn tc phn loi - Nguyn tc tnh ton vn khi tnh ton l li - Nguyn tc tng kim ngch - Nguyn tc tch lu - Nguyn tc ph hp gia chi ph v thu nhp p n cu 159: B Cng thc: im ho vn = chi ph c nh (1 - t l chi ph bin i) T l chi ph bin i = chi ph bin i : doanh thu im ho vn = 2000 (1 28005600) = 2000 0,5 = 4000

106

Li nhun

Chi ph

im ho vn

Sales line
Li nhun

Variable cost line (Total cost line)

Loss

Chi ph Gi bin i
Chi ph c nh

thnh

Fixed cost line

Doanh thu

Break even sales

p n cu 160: A T l vn ch s hu = (vn ch s hu / tng vn x 100). Th hin mc an ton trong c cu vn ca doanh nghip. T l tin mt trong ti khon = (tin mt trong ti khon n lu ng x 100). Cho bit kh nng c th c tin mt thanh ton ngay lp tc. T l vn c nh = (ti sn c nh / vn ch s hu x 100). Th hin mc c nh ho ca vn T l cng n = (n / vn ch s hu x 100). Th hin t l cng n trn tng vn ch s hu c hp l hay khng. T l vn lu ng = (ti sn lu ng / n lu ng x 100), gi tr ny cng ln th kh nng thanh ton cng cao. p n cu 161: E im chnh: Ngy bt u trin khai sm nht l thi im sm nht m c th bt u cc thao tc ti cc giao im. Gii thch: Ngy bt u trin khai sm nht (s trn) v ngy kt thc mun nht (s di) ti cc im nh sau:

107

13 7 0 0 1 9 9 9 3 12 12 6 A 7 B 3 10 2 5 E 4 F C 6 D 16 4 13 15 5 4 J 7 3 I G 2 H

15 22 7 1 23 23 9 L 8 4 19 19
Ngy Ngy bt kt u thc

sm nht mun nht

ng ti hn (gng)

p n cu 162: A 7 cng c ca hot ng qun l cht lng (QC Quality control) gm: s Pareto, biu c tnh nguyn nhn kt qu, bng kim, th , th phn b, phn tng v s qun l. 7 cng c QC mi l: phng php v biu lin quan, phng php v biu hp dn (phng php KJ), phng php h thng, phng php ma trn, phng php phn tch d liu ma trn, phng php PDPC, biu quy trnh p n cu 163: E Gii thch: Tnh xc sut rt c l bi A trong trng hp rt mt l v trng hp rt hai l, v xc sut xy ra l ng thi nn ch cn tnh tch ca hai xc sut l c. J,Q,K c tt c l 12 l. Xc sut rt c l bi J,Q,K trong trng hp rt l th nht = 12/52 = 3/13 Xc sut rt c l bi J,Q,K trong trng hp rt l th hai = 11/51 Do : Xc sut c hai l u l qun hnh ngi J,Q,K = (3/13) x (11/51) = 11/221 p n cu 164: B Cng thc: Phn tn = {(d liu 1 bnh qun)2 + (d liu 2 bnh qun)2 + .(d liu n bnh qun)2} s d liu n Gii thch: Bnh qun = (5 + 6 + 9 + 11 + 14) 5 = 9 Phn tn = {(5 9)2 + (6 9)2 + (9 9)2 + (11 9)2 + (14 9)2} 5 = (16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 25) 5 = 54 5 = 10.8 108

p n cu 165: C Cng thc: Ly s ngi ngh vic l n, gi tr mong mun E(n) s bng: E(n) = n x P Mt khc, phn tn V(n) bng: V(n) = n x P x (1 P) Gii thch: Cn c vo hai cng thc trn tnh gi tr mong mun ca s ngi ngh vic, ta c: 500 x 0,01 = 5. phn tn l 500 x 0,01 x 0,99 = 495. Khi mun tnh ton gi tr mong mun ca bin s ngu nhin n v phn tn theo phn b nh thc, nu cn c vo cng thc, s tnh c ht sc d dng. p n cu 166: D S phn b (scatter plot graph): nh du im trn mt trc tung v trc honh. Biu : phn chia phm vi d liu tn ti thnh nhiu phn on, th hin tn sut xut hin ca cc phn on bng biu hnh ct. S Pareto: s kt hp gia biu hnh ct biu th s hng mc phn loi v s ng nt gy biu th tng lu tch. S hnh mi tn: l mt trong 7 cng c qun l cht lng mi. N cn c gi l s k hoch lch trnh. Ni cc thao tc lin k vi nhau bng du mi tn, v th hin thnh mng li. PDPC: l mt trong 7 cng c qun l cht lng mi. S chng trnh quyt nh quy trnh (process decision program chart). V thnh s gi s nhiu trng hp khc nhau. p n cu 167: C Tng doanh thu ca tt c cc mt hng l: 500 (nghn yn). 70% ca n l 350 (nghn yn) Mt hng 1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-7 Doanh thu 150 250 330 400 450 480 500 T l 30% 50% 66% 80% 90% 96% 100%

Mt hng t 1~4 chim qu 70% doanh thu.Nh vy, 4 mt hng t 1~4 l ca nhm A. p n cu 168: B 109

S J: s s dng khi nh gi tng hp v 4 c tnh lin quan n nhau. Fan chart: s ng biu th s thay i tng i vo 2 thi im ca nhiu hng mc. S Gantt: s dng xy dng k hoch lch trnh, ri tin hnh nm bt v qun l tnh hnh tin . S SD: sp xp trc honh vi hai u l nhng t tri ngha, nh du im kt qu v phn on hnh nh tng th thng qua hnh th to bi cc im . S qun l: mt trong 7 cng c qun l cht lng. p n cu 169: D S giai on: s hnh tng, thch hp cho vic biu th qu trnh thay i ca cc gi tr thay i mt cch khng lin tc. S nh im: s s dng ch tng hnh. S nh lp th: tn gi khc ca s hnh ct lp th. Fan chart: thch hp nm bt c qu trnh thay i tng i ca nhiu hng mc ti hai thi im. S Rader: s hnh mng nhn. p n cu 170: B C th hp l ho quy trnh sn xut da vo CIM. C th ng dng trong trng hp sn xut vi s lng t nhng chng loi mt hng a dng, c th p ng tc thi i vi nhng trng hp nh khi c s thay i lng t hng, v c th rt ngn thi gian giao hng.

CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) PCS System MIS EOS System OA System

FA System MRP CAE CAD

CAPP CAP CAM

p n cu 171: C CAM (computer aided manufacturing): qun l ti sn. Kt hp vi CAD, tin hnh lp trnh NC, lp trnh r-bt. CAP (computer aided planning): k hoch lch trnh. Ln lch trnh thao tc v b tr my 110

mc cn c vo k hoch sn xut. CAE (computer aided engineering): nghin cu pht trin. Quyt nh hnh thc v cu to ca sn phm, tin hnh d bo tnh nng v m phng sn phm. CAPP (computer aided process planning): k hoch quy trnh. Cn c vo hnh thc ca sn phm c xc nh ti cng on CAD, quyt nh trnh t thi cng, la chn my mc, v tnh ton thi gian thi cng. MIS (management information system): h thng a ra quyt nh kinh doanh ti doanh nghip. p n cu 172: D Trong h thng kinh doanh, c nhng yu t sau: - H thng thng tin k ton - H thng OA (office automation ) - Phn mm nhm (groupware) - H thng POS (point of system) - H thng EOS (Electronic Ordering System) - H thng ti chnh (financial system) - H thng EDI (Electronic data interchange) - H thng CALS (commerce at light speed) - H thng EC (thng mi in t - electronic commerce) CAD l h thng thc hin thao tc thit k, thuc v h thng k s (engineering system). p n cu 173: D B to B (Business to business - doanh nghip vi doanh nghip): giao dch gia cc doanh nghip vi nhau. B to C (Business to consumer doanh nghip vi ngi tiu dng): doanh nghip m mt ca hng trn internet ri tin hnh bn hng ho, m nhc, tranh nh, tr chi C to C (consumer to consumer - ngi tiu dng vi ngi tiu dng): giao dch gia nhng ngi tiu dng vi nhau m khng thng qua doanh nghip. Thng thng, cc cng ty thng mi s tin hnh kinh doanh thng qua cuc u gi t chc trn mng. Giao dch trc tuyn (online trade) l giao dch c phiu trn mng internet. L mt hnh thc ca B to C. E-market place: ni giao dch gia cc doanh nghip trn mng internet. L mt hnh thc ca B to B. p n cu 174: C My scan: thit b c thng tin hnh nh. Thit b u cui my tnh cm tay (handy terminal): l thit b cm tay loi nh c kt ni vi OCR hay BCR, c s dng trong nhng trng hp nh khi kim k hng ho. OCR: thit b c k t in bng phng php phn quang. BCR: thit b c m vch. Thit b qun l lu tr (store controller) l thit b khi nhn c thng tin m vch ca hng ho do my ghi cung cp, s phn hi ngay lp tc thng tin v gi c v tn mt hng . Ho n s c in ra cn c theo nhng thng tin . 111

p n cu 175: A WIPO - T chc s hu tr tu th gii (World Intellectual Property Organization): l c quan chuyn mn ca Lin Hp Quc ph trch nhng vn v quyn s hu tr tu. UNESCO - T chc khoa hc gio dc v vn ho ca Lin Hp Quc (United Nations Educational Science and Cultural Organization): khng lin quan n quyn s hu tr tu. ITU - T chc thng tin quc t (Internation Telecomunication Unit). BIRPI Vn phng quc t v bo v quyn s hu tr tu. Tin thn ca WIPO. ISO - T chc tiu chun quc t (International Organization for Standardization) p n cu 176: B Trn th gii, c nhng quyn sau c coi l quyn s hu tr tu: - Quyn tc gi - Quyn sng ch - Quyn gii php hu ch Quyn s hu cng nghip - Quyn kiu dng - Quyn nhn hiu - Quyn s dng v b tr mch bn dn - Quyn ging vt nui v cy trng p n cu 177: C Quyn tc gi: quyn i vi tc phm c cha chng trnh, c s d liu. Quyn kiu dng: quyn c quyn i vi vic ch tc, s dng v phn phi sn phm c kiu dng nht nh. Quyn nhn hiu: quyn c s dng mt cch c quyn i vi nhn hiu ng k cho mt hng ho nht nh. Quyn sng ch: quyn c quyn i vi nhng pht minh u vit. Quyn gii php hu ch: l pht minh nhng khng mc cao nh sng ch. Quyn c quyn i vi vic ch tc, s dng v phn phi sn phm. p n cu 178: A M ISO: l m k t do T chc tiu chun quc t (ISO) quy nh di dng quy tc "ISO 646" M JIS: l m 2 byte do Tiu chun cng nghip Nht Bn quy nh da trn "ISO 646", s dng c k hiu, ch Hn (Kanji), ch Hiragana (ch mm) v ch Katakana (ch cng). M Shift-JIS: cng tng t nh m JIS, s dng m 2 byte nh ch Hn M UNICODE: l loi s dng tt c cc loi k t trn th gii, trong bao gm c ch Hn, bng mt tiu chun m ha 2 byte thng nht. 112

M EUC c ngha l Extended UNIX Code. c s dng vi ng dng a ngn ng trong my tnh h UNIX. p n cu 179: C Cng ty hp vn: c cu thnh bi thnh vin trch nhim v hn, ngi chu trch nhim bng ton b ti sn c nhn i vi cc khon n ca cng ty, v thnh vin trch nhim hu hn, ngi ch chu trch nhim i vi cc khon n trong phm vi phn vn m mnh ng gp. Cng ty c phn: l hnh thc ph bin nht hin nay, pht hnh c phiu ku gi nh u t. Khc vi cc hnh thc cng ty khc, ch s hu (c ng) v ngi qun l iu hnh doanh nghip bao gi cng tch bit vi nhau. Cng ty i bn cng c li: l mt hnh thc cng ty phi li nhun, thc hin kinh doanh bo him. Cng ty trch nhim hu hn: ton b thnh vin ng gp vn u l thnh vin c trch nhim hu hn. Cng ty hp danh: ton b thnh vin ng gp vn u l thnh vin trnh nhim v hn. Ri ro i vi nh u t cao, phm vi huy ng vn cng rt hp, do vy hin nay hu nh khng tn ti. p n cu 180: B B phn ng li (line): b phn ch cht thc hin trc tip cc mc tiu ca t chc. Nh b phn kinh doanh, b phn mua bn, b phn mua hng, b phn sn xut ch to, b phn lu thng hng ho B phn nhn vin (staff): b phn h tr cho nghip v ca cc b phn chnh, gip cng vic ca cc b phn ny din ra thun li v t hiu qu cao. Nh b phn hnh chnh, k ton, k hoch, nhn s, nghin cu pht trin, h thng thng tin

113

FE HANDBOOK
(AFTERNOON QUESTIONS)

S TAY N LUYN FE
(Cu hi bui chiu)

114

HIRATSUKA Ryozo
H Ni 7-2005

St hch K s Cng ngh Thng tin C bn (phm vi cu hi st hch bui chiu) 1. Lin quan ti phn cng biu din gi tr, biu din k t , biu din hnh nh v m thanh, thit b x l, thit b b nh, thit b vo / ra, thc hin tnh ton, phng thc a ch, thc hin vo ra, cu hnh h thng..v.v 2. Lin quan ti phn mm phn mm h thng, phn mm ng dng, gi phn mm, tnh nng ca OS , ngn ng chng trnh, b x l ngn ng, thc hin chng trnh...v.v. 3. lin quan ti thut ton canh l (alignment), tra cu, x l chui k t, x l tp tin, hnh v , biu , php ton s.. 4. lin quan ti CSDL v cu trc d liu cu tr d liu c bn, chng loi v c trng ca phng tin lu tr, phng thc hnh thnh ca tp tin, chng loi v c trng ca CSDL , ngn ng CSDL , thao tc d liu theo SQL ..v.v 5. lin quan ti mng thng tin truyn d liu, kim sot truyn tin, TCP / IP, LAN, WAN ,internet, th in t, web..v.v. 6.lin quan ti cng ngh x l thng tin. Tnh nng ca h thng, tin cy ca h thng, qun l RISC , an ninh, chun ha, nghin cu qu trnh hot ng..v.v 7. lin quan ti thit k chng trnh trnh t pht trin h thng, trnh t thit k chng trnh, thit k cu trc ha, thit k khi chng trnh (module), bn thit k chng trnh..v.v 8. lin quan ti nghin cu v pht trin chng trnh ngn ng chng trnh (C, COBOL, Java, chng trnh dch hp ng(assembler)), vit m (coding) , hon cnh pht trin, k thut kim tra..v.v.

115

CU HI

116

I. Cu hi (Son t bi thi bui chiu K st hch Ma Thu 2002 ti Nht Bn) Hin ti, anh A ang thit k chng trnh tnh tin cng tc cho cng ty B. Di y l cc qui nh lin quan n chi ph ca cng ty, bao gm chi ph hng ngy, tin n, tin khch sn. 1. Trong trng hp khong cch mt chiu ca chuyn cng tc di 20km, cng ty s tr 500 yn chi ph hng ngy. 2. Trong trng hp khong cch mt chiu ca chuyn cng tc ln hn hoc bng 20km nhng nh hn 120km v nhn vin i cng tc di 8 ting, cng ty s tr 1000 yn chi ph hng ngy. Nu nhn vin i cng tc di hn 8 ting, cng ty s tr 1000 yn chi ph hng ngy v 500 yn ph cp tin n. 3. Trong trng hp khong cch mt chiu ca chuyn cng tc ln hn hoc bng 120km v nhn vin i cng tc di 8 ting, cng ty s tr 2000 yn chi ph hng ngy. Nu nhn vin i cng tc di hn 8 ting, cng ty s tr 2000 yn chi ph hng ngy v 500 yn ph cp tin n. 4. Trong trng hp chuyn cng tc c ngh qua m, cng ty s tr 10000 yn tin khch sn. (1) Bng sau y cn c vo cc qui nh ca cng ty B quyt nh vic tnh tin cng tc. Hy in vo trng (a) & (b) bng cch chn t cc nhm. Bng quyt nh tnh tin cng tc Mt chiu < 20km Mt >=20km<120km Mt chiu >120km Thi gian di hn 8 gi Ngh qua m Phn ng hot Y chiu N N Y Y N N N X X X (a) N N N Y N Y Y N Y N Y N N N Y N Y N N Y N N N N Y Y Y N N Y Y N Phn iu kin

Chi ph hng ngy 500 X yn Chi ph hng ngy 1000 yn

117

Chi ph hng ngy 2000 yn Ph cp tin n 500 yn Tin khch sn 10000 yn X

(b)

X X

X X -

Y c ngha l iu kin ng. N c ngha l iu kin sai. - c ngha l khng quan h ti ng hoc sai trong phn iu kin. X c ngha l khi cc iu kin c tho mn th hot ng trong dng ny s c thc hin. - ngha l hot ng khng c thc hin. Cc nhm la chn cho A Y Y Y N Y Y N Y Y N Y N Y N Y Y Y N N Y Cc nhm la chn cho (b) A X X B X X C X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Y N N N (a) B C

(2) Sau cng ty B thay i qui nh (3). V s thay i ny, bng trn s phi sa li. Phn m t no sai v s sa i ny? [Nhng qui nh mi sau khi sa i] 118

(3 mi) Trong trng hp khong cch mt chiu ca chuyn cng tc ln hn hoc bng 120km v nhn vin i cng tc t hn 8 ting, cng ty s tr 2000 yn. Nu nhn vin i cng tc di hn 8 ting v khng ngh qua m, cng ty s tr 2000 yn l tin chi ph hng ngy v 1000 yn ph cp tin n. Nu nhn vin i di hn 8 ting c ngh qua m, cng ty s tr 2000 yn chi ph hng ngy v 500 yn ph cp tin n Cc nhm la chn A. Cn thm 1 dng m t ph cp tin n 1000 yn vo phn hot ng B. Khng cn thay i phn hot ng v chi ph hng ngy C. Khng cn thay i phn hot ng v chi ph khch sn D. Khng cn thay i dng ph cp tin n 500 yn trong phn hot ng E. Khng cn thay i phn iu kin

119

II. Cu hi (Son t bi thi bui chiu K st hch Ma Xun 2001 ti Nht Bn) Hy tr li cu hi sau khi c phn gii thch v S lung d liu. (Vn ) Trng i hc X c mt s bui hi tho bui ti cho nhng ngi i lm. Mi sinh vin c th d ti a 4 mn kha trong mt k hc. (Thu nhn n ng k) Thi gian ng k bt u 14 ngy trc v kt thc 3 ngy trc khi bt u kha hc. Mi sinh vin s np n ng k ti bn ng k trong thi gian ny. B phn ch dn c th x l nhng n ng k c np ti bn ng k trong 2 ngy tnh t ngy kt thc hn np n ng k cho n trc kha hc. B phn ch dn kim tra cho nhng n ng k v h s chnh ca sinh vin . 1) B phn ch dn xem c sinh vin no tham d nhiu hn 4 mn hay khng 2) Khi tm thy nhng sinh vin nh vy, h s gi in thoi cho sinh vin v sinh vin t quyt nh mn hc no cn b. 3) H sa cha n ng k bng cch xa cc mn hc ng k 4) S khng c vic sa cha n ng k ngoi trng hp trn, sau khi n c np ti bn ng k 5) Khi ghi nhn s b st ca mt n ng k, s khng x l v gi li ti file cc phn b st chun b yu cu t pha sinh vin. Khi mi sinh vin quyt nh mn hc tham gia, b phn ch dn s lu li n ng k v coi nh l giy t chnh cho vic ng k mn hc. B phn ch dn s lm phiu bin nhn cn c theo n c ng k v gi phiu ny ti sinh vin. Cu hi: Bng sau y l s lung d liu ca cng vic hin ti c chp nhn. S lung d liu ny cho thy chiu hng t khi sinh vin np n ng k cho ti khi n ng k chnh c chp nhn. Hy in nhng t thch hp vo trng t a. ti f. bng cch chn t (1) n (7) trong nhm cu la chn sau:

120

a Thng tin sinh vin

S/vin Mn b i b

S/vin n ng k c

Kim tra

Gi in

b Mn b i

Thay i

n c thay i

Nhm cu la chn: (1) Cc n ng k (gi thuyt l) vt qu s mn hc (2) File lu tr cc n ng k c ghi nhn s b st (3) Cc n ng k c ghi nhn s b st (4) H s chnh ca cc sinh vin (5) H s chnh v cc n ng k (6) Cc n ng k m b phn ch dn x l xong (7) Cc n ng k khng c li.

121

III. Cu hi (Son t bi thi bui chiu phn 2 ca K st hch Ma thu 2002 ti Nht Bn) Tr li cu hi sau khi c gii thch v S chuyn trng thi Cu hi: Cho m t v h thng t ch phng hp ca cng ty c kh U. Cng ty U c 5 phng hp. Mi nhn vin u c th t phng hp khi phng hp cha b bn. Trong cng ty c mng my tnh cho cc nhn vin. Nhn vin cng ty c th truy cp h thng t phng c ci t ti my ch mng. Sau y l nhng nt chnh v h thng t phng [Tham kho tnh trng t phng] 1. Khi khi ng h thng t phng, my tnh s hin th phn Xem tnh trng t phng vo ngy khi ng h thng. 2. Nu ngi s dng nhp vo ngy (ddmmyy) theo yu cu trong phn Xem tnh trng t phng, my tnh s hin th phn Xem thng tin chi tit v vic t phng ca ngy c a vo (ngy cp nht). 3. Nu ngi s dng chn trong phn Xem tnh trng t phng, my tnh s hin th phn Xem thng tin chi tit v vic t phng 4. Nu s hiu nhn vin (ID) ca ngi t phng trng vi s hiu ng nhp ca ngi s dng, my tnh s cho php la chn Thay i t phng, Hy b t phng v ng phn xem trong phn Xem thng tin chi tit v vic t phng. Nu s hiu nhn vin ca ngi t phng khng trng vi s hiu ng nhp ca ngi s dng, my tnh ch cho php chn ng phn xem. 5. Khi ngi s dng chn ng phn xem trong Xem thng tin chi tit v vic t phng, my tnh s hin th Xem tnh trng t phng [ng k t phng] 1. Nu ngi s dng chn ng k t phng trong Xem tnh trng t phng, my tnh hin th Xem ng k t phng v t ng t s hiu nhn vin ca ngi thnh s hiu ng nhp ca ngi dng. 2. Khi ng k t phng, ngi dng a vo Ngy s dng, S hiu phng hp, Thi gian bt u, Thi gian kt thc, Mc ch s dng v S ngi. 3. Nu in y ton b cc iu kin s dng, my tnh cho php ng k Bng t phng hp v hin th Xem tnh trng t phng. Nu khng in y thng s, my tnh s hin th iu kin li. [Thay i t phng] 1. Nu ngi dng chn Thay i t phng trong Xem tnh trng t phng, my tnh s hin th Xem thay i t phng. 122

2. Khi thay i t phng, ngi dng a vo cc ni dung thay i 3. Nu in y cc iu kin s dng, my tnh cho php thay i Bng t phng hp v hin th Xem tnh trng t phng. Nu khng in , my tnh hin th iu kin li. 4. Nu ngi s dng chn Hy b trong Xem thay i t phng, my tnh hin th Xem thng tin chi tit v vic t phng. [Hy b t phng] 1. Nu ngi dng chn Hy b t phng trong Xem thng tin chi tit v vic t phng, my tnh hin th Xem xc nhn hy b. 2. Nu ngi dng chn OK trong Xem xc nhn hy b, my tnh s xa ni dung t phng t Bng t phng hp v hin th Xem tnh trng t phng. 3. Nu ngi dng chn Hy trong Xem xc nhn hy b, my tnh vn gi ni dung t phng v hin th Xem thng tin chi tit v vic t phng. Hy la chn nhng gii thch ng cho cc trng trong s chuyn trng thi sau y t cc t la chn.

Xc Nhn

[Cc t chn] A: thng tin chi tit C: ng k t phng 123

B: Xem tnh trng t phng D: Thay i t phng

IV. Cu hi Bng sau y l xc sut v thi tit ca mt khu vc. S dng phng php S chuyn trng thi

0,4

Tt
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,3

M
0,2

0,3

Nh iu
0,4

0,5

Hm nay tri ma. Xc sut ngy kia thi tit tt l bao nhiu?

124

P N

125

I. Tr li (1) (a)-C, (b)-B, (2) D Gii thch: Di y l cu trc ca bng quyt nh Tiu bng quyt inh Phn iu kin Phn hot ng iu kin th iu kin thc (Gii thch v tng iu kin v phi (Y hoc N cho thy s kt bao gm tt c cc iu kin) hp ca cc iu kin) Hot ng th Hot ng thc (Gii thch v tng hot ng v phi X hoc - cho thy cc kt qu bao gm tt c cc kt qu) c tha mn.

Gii thch cu hi (1): trng (a): Trong phn ny c 2 ct trng, v vy cha kha l phn hot ng thc. C mt s X trong phn hot ng thc di trng (a). Chng ta phi lu n dng th hai Chi ph hng ngy 1000 yn v dng th 5 Tin khch sn 10000 yntrong phn hot ng thc tha mn v dng th 4 Ph cp tin n 500 yn cha c tha mn. Trong trng hp ca dng th 2 Chi ph hng ngy 1000 yn: Chng ta phi kim tra qui nh (2) Trong trng hp ca dng th 5 Tin khch sn 10,000 yn: Chng ta phi kim tra qui nh (4) V vy, chng ta tm thy gi tr ti (a) trong phn iu kin thc. Phn iu kin ca dng th 2 s l Y, Y, dng th 3 l N, N, dng th 4 l N, N v dng th 5 l Y, N. trng (b): in vo trng trong phn hot ng thc, ta phi xem xt Y v N trong phn iu kin thc. Sau khi tm ra cc gi tr ti (a), chng ta c th so snh mt s ct. Ti dng th 4 Thi gian di hn 8 ting v ct th 5 v th 6 trong phn iu kin thc l Y, n tha mn mt na cui ca qui nh (2). C mt s khc bit gia gi tr ca ct 3 v ct 4 trong trng (a). V vy, dng th 2 Chi ph hng ngy 1000 yn trong phn hot ng th v ct th 5 v th 6 trong phn hot ng thc s l X, X, v dng th 4 Ph cp tin n 500 yn v ct th 5 v th 6 trong phn hot ng thc s l X, X. Gii thch cu hi (2) 126

Chng ta phi phn tch c th qui nh (3 mi) v kim tra xem c cn thay i bng tnh hay khng. Nu khong cch mt chiu ca chuyn cng tc di hn hoc bng 120km, v nhn vin i cng tc di 8 ting -->Chi ph hng ngy l 2000 yn -->khng cn thay i. Nu nhn vin i cng tc di hn 8 ting v khng cn ngh li qua m -->Chi ph hng ngy l 2000 yn, ph cp tin n l 1000 yn -->cn thay i Nu nhn vin i cng tc di hn 8 ting v ngh li qua m --> Chi ph hng ngy l 2000 yn v ph cp tin n l 500 yn -->khng cn thay i. V vy, nhng im thay i l ph cp tin n v tin khch sn (hoc c hoc khng). Chng ta khng cn thay i phn iu kin ca bng tnh, nhng c mt s im phi thay i trong phn hot ng. Cho nn Ph cp tin n trong phn hot ng thc cn c thay i, v vy la chn D l sai. Cu tr li l D.

127

II. Tr li: a-(4), b-(1), c-(3), d-(7), e-(2), f-(5) Gii thch: y l hnh v in hnh ca s lung d liu. C 4 loi biu tng. Cc biu tng ca s lung d liu (Tn) Mi tn lung d liu X l (Tn) (Tn) (Tn)

Lu tr d liu (s ci h s chnh tp tin) Ngun d liu hoc Trong phn ny, ch c 2 loi biu tng cn phi lm r, l Mi tn lung d liu v Lu tr d liu. Trong nhm la chn c 7 cm t. Tt hn c l phn loi nhm ny thnh cc loi biu tng. Lu tr d liu trng a, e, f Tn ca lung d liu phi] {1} Cc n ng k (gi thuyt l) vt qu yu cu. {3} Cc n ng k c ghi nhn s b st. {6} Cc n ng k m b phn ch dn x l xong. {7} Cc n ng k khng c li. Lu tr d liu trng a, e, f Tn ca lung d liu phi] tp tin hoc ni lu tr {2} File lu tr cc n ng k c ghi nhn s b st. {4} H s chnh ca cc sinh vin {5} H s chnh v cc n ng k.

Sau khi phn loi v xem xt, vn trn khng kh gii quyt. Mt s nhm la chn trong cu hi cng xut hin ti S lung d liu.

128

III. Tr li: [W] -C, [X] -B,

[Y] -D,

[Z] -A

Gii thch (1) V trng [X], [Z]. Dng vn [Hy b t phng] (2) cho thy rng Nu ngi dng chn OK trong Xem xc nhn hy b my tnh s xa ni dung t phng trong Bng t phng hp v hin th Xem tnh trng t phng. (3) cho thy rng Nu ngi dng chn Hy trong Xem xc nhn hy b, my tnh s gi li ni dung t phng v hin th Xem thng tin chi tit v vic t phng. V vy, lu rng trng [X], [Z] c th l B: Xem tnh trng t phng hoc A: Chi tit thng tin (2) V Dng vn [Hy b t phng] (1) cho thy rng Nu ngi dng la chn Hy b t phng trong Xem thng tin chi tit v vic t phng, my tnh hin th Xem xc nhn hy b. V vy gia xc nhn hy v thng Xc nhn hy b tin chi tit c Thng tin chi tit quan h.

y l lung x l hai chiu. V vy, lu rng trng [Z] l A: thng tin chi tit, trng [X] l B: Xem tnh trng t phng. (3) V trng[W], [Y]. Bi v [Thay i t phng] (1) cho thy rng Nu ngi dng chn Thay i t phng trong Xem thng tin chi tit v vic t phng, my tnh hin th Xem thay i t phng. trng [Y] l D: Thay i t phng. trng cn li [W] phi l C: ng k t phng. ng k t
Ngy cp

ng k t phng
in

Tnh Trng t phng

Xc nhn ID & xc nhn hy

Chi tit t phng

Xc nhn ID v thay i t phng

Hy

ng

OK

Thay i t phng
in

Thng tin chi tit

129
Hy

Xc nhn hy

IV. Tr li :

33%

Gii thch: C 3 t hp cho thy rng 2 ngy sau thi tit s tt 1: Ma > Tt > Tt 2: Ma > Nhiu my > Tt 3: Ma > Ma > Tt V vy, tnh ton tng xc sut (Pn) P1: 0.3 x 0.4 = 0.12 P2: 0.5 x 0.3 = 0.15 P3: 0.2 x 0.3 = 0.06 Tng cc kh nng s l 0.12 + 0.15 + 0.06 = 0.33 V vy cu tr li l 33%.

130