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    Lala Akamatsu
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    The document summarizes various causes of pancytopenia, aplastic anemia, and pure red cell aplasia. For pancytopenia, the causes include decreased bone marrow function from conditions like aplasia, leukemia, and infiltration, as well as increased peripheral destruction from splenomegaly. For aplastic anemia, causes are grouped as primary, secondary from things like radiation, chemicals, viruses, or drugs. Pure red cell aplasia causes include acute transient issues from parvovirus or drugs, as well as chronic forms that can be congenital, idiopathic, or associated with other conditions.

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    The document summarizes various causes of pancytopenia, aplastic anemia, and pure red cell aplasia. For pancytopenia, the causes include decreased bone marrow function from conditions like aplasia, leukemia, and infiltration, as well as increased peripheral destruction from splenomegaly. For aplastic anemia, causes are grouped as primary, secondary from things like radiation, chemicals, viruses, or drugs. Pure red cell aplasia causes include acute transient issues from parvovirus or drugs, as well as chronic forms that can be congenital, idiopathic, or associated with other conditions.

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    10 views1 page

    Chapter 22

    Uploaded by

    Lala Akamatsu
    The document summarizes various causes of pancytopenia, aplastic anemia, and pure red cell aplasia. For pancytopenia, the causes include decreased bone marrow function from conditions like aplasia, leukemia, and infiltration, as well as increased peripheral destruction from splenomegaly. For aplastic anemia, causes are grouped as primary, secondary from things like radiation, chemicals, viruses, or drugs. Pure red cell aplasia causes include acute transient issues from parvovirus or drugs, as well as chronic forms that can be congenital, idiopathic, or associated with other conditions.

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    Table 22.1 Causes of pancytopenia.

    Decreased bone marrow function Aplasia Acute leukaemia, myelodysplasia, myeloma Infiltration with lymphoma, solid tumours, tuberculosis Megaloblastic anaemia Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria Myelofibrosis Haemophagocytic syndrome Increased peripheral destruction Splenomegaly

    Table 22.2 Causes of aplastic anaemia.


    Primary Congenital (Fanconi and non-Fanconi types) Idiopathic acquired Secondary Ionizing radiation: Accidental exposure (radiotherapy, radioactive isotopes, nuclear power stations) Chemicals: Benzene, organophosphates and other organic solvents, DDT and other pesticides, organochlorines, recreational drugs (ecstasy) Drugs: Those that regularly cause marrow depression (e.g. busulfan, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, anthracyclines, nitrosoureas). Those that occasionally or rarely cause marrow depression (e.g. chloramphenicol, sulphonamides, gold, anti-inflammatory, antithyroid, psychotropic, anticonvulsant/antidepressant drugs) Viruses: Viral hepatitis (non-A, non-B, non-C, in most cases), EBV

    EBV, EpsteinBarr virus.

    Table 22.3 Classification of pure red cell aplasia.


    Acute, transient Parvovirus infection Drugs (e.g. azathioprine, co-trimoxazole) Idiopathic in infancy and childhood Chronic congenital DiamondBlackfan syndrome Chronic acquired Idiopathic Associated with thymoma, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, T-large granular lymphocytosis, myelodysplasia, viral infection, drugs

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