Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

Accessing the WAN Chapter 2

ITE I Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Objectives
Describe the fundamental concepts of point-to-point serial communication including TDM, demarcation point, DTE-DCE functions, HDLC encapsulation, and serial interface troubleshooting.
Describe PPP concepts including PPP layered architecture, PPP frame structure, PPP session establishment, multiprotocol encapsulation support, link control protocol (LCP), network control protocol (NCP), and Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP). Configure PPP on a serial interface including enabling PPP encapsulation, verifying the PPP connection and troubleshooting encapsulation problems. Configure PPP authentication including explaining PAP and CHAP authentication protocols, configuring PPP authentication using PAP and CHAP, and troubleshooting PPP authentication problems.

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Fundamental Concepts of Point-to-Point Serial Communication

Concept of serial communication as the basis of WAN technologies Which is faster?
Two wires to carry 2 bits

Eight datacarrying wires to carry 8 bits 1 byte

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Serial Communication Standards

Serial connections commonly used why? cost of cable and synchronization simpler wiring longer than parallel cables much less interaction (crosstalk) There are three key serial communication standards RS-232 - pc to modem V.35 - modem-to-multiplexer - DSU HSSI - High-Speed Serial Interface Token Ring

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

RS-232

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Fundamental Concepts of Point-to-Point Serial Communication

Htwo or more data streams are transported across a single physical connection using TDM

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Fundamental Concepts of Point-to-Point Serial Communication

Define the location of the demarcation point relative to customer and service provider networks

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Fundamental Concepts of Point-to-Point Serial Communication

Explain the terms DTE and DCE with relative to the location of devices in a network

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Fundamental Concepts of Point-to-Point Serial Communication

Describe how high-level data link control (HDLC) uses one of three frame types to encapsulate data

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Fundamental Concepts of Point-to-Point Serial Communication

Explain when and how to configure HDLC encapsulation on a router

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

10

Describe the Fundamental Concepts of Point-to-Point Serial Communication

Describe the procedure to follow when troubleshooting a serial connection

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

11

Point-to-Point Concepts
Describe PPP in terms of its use in WAN links
The link quality management feature monitors the quality of the link. If too many errors are detected, PPP takes the link down. PPP supports PAP and CHAP authentication. This feature is explained and practiced in a later section.

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

12

Point-to-Point Concepts
Describe the general function of each layer of PPP architecture

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

13

Point-to-Point Concepts
Describe the purpose and format of each of the fields in a PPP frame

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

14

Point-to-Point Concepts
Define the three phases of PPP session establishment
LCP must first open the connection and negotiate configuration options.

The LCP tests the link to determine whether the link quality is sufficient to bring up network layer protocols.

NCP can separately configure the network layer protocols, and bring them up and take them down at any time.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

15

Point-to-Point Concepts
Explain the role of the LCP in PPP

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

16

Point-to-Point Concepts
Describe the characteristics of NCP

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

17

Configure PPP on a Serial Interface

Describe how configuration options are communicated in the LCP frame

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

18

Configure PPP on a Serial Interface

Explain the purpose of the commands used to configure and verify PPP connections

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

19

Configure PPP on a Serial Interface

Explain the output of the show interfaces serial command

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

20

Configure PPP on a Serial Interface

Explain the output of the debug ppp command

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

21

Configuring PPP with Authentication

Differentiate between PAP and CHAP

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

22

Configuring PPP with Authentication

Describe how to use PAP to authenticate a PPP connection

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

23

Configuring PPP with Authentication

Describe how to use CHAP to authenticate a PPP connection

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

24

Configuring PPP with Authentication

Outline the PPP encapsulation and authentication process on a flow chart

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

25

Configuring PPP with Authentication

Explain how to configure a PPP connection with authentication

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

26

Configuring PPP with Authentication

Explain the output of the debug ppp authentication command

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

27

Summary
PPP is a widely used WAN protocol
PPP provides multi-protocol LAN to WAN connections PPP session establishment 4 phases
Link establishment
Link quality determination Network layer protocol configuration negotiation Link termination

WAN Encapsulation
HDLC default encapsulation PPP

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

28

Summary
PPP authentication
PAP 2 way handshake CHAP 3 way handshake Use debug ppp authentication to confirm authentication configuration

PPP configuration
Done on a serial interface

After PPP configuration, use show interfaces command to display:

LCP state NCP state
ITE 1 Chapter 6 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

29

ITE 1 Chapter 6

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

30