Services in A Converged WAN: Accessing The WAN - Chapter 1

Services in a Converged WAN
Accessing the WAN – Chapter 1
ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
LAN Switching and
Network Routing Protocols and
Ch Wireless Accessing the WAN
Fundamentals Concepts
Living in a Network- Introduction to Routing and

1 LAN Design Introduction to WAN
Centric World Packet Forwarding
Communicating over
2 Static Routing Configure a Switch PPP
the Internet
Application Layer
Introduction to Dynamic
3 Functionality and VLANS Frame Relay
Routing Protocols
Protocols
OSI Transport Layer Distance Vector Routing Enterprise Network

4 Implement VTP
Protocols Security
Implementing Spanning Tree Access Control Lists

5 OSI Network Layer RIP version 1
Protocols (ACLs)
Addressing the Implementing Inter-VLAN Providing Teleworker

6 VLSM and CIDR
Network - IPv4 Routing Services
Configuring a Wireless Implementing IP
7 Data Link Layer RIPv2
Router Addressing Services
The Routing Table: A Closer Troubleshooting
8 OSI Physical Layer
Look Enterprise Networks
9 Ethernet EIGRP
Planning and
10 Cabling Your Link-State Routing Protocols
Network
Configuring and
11 Testing Your OSPF
Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
Objectives
What is a WAN and Why do we Need A WAN?
WANs connect devices WANs use the
separated by a broader services of
geographical area than carriers
can be served by a
LAN.
WANs use
serial
connections
WANs used by themselves, or in concert with the Internet,

allow organizations and individuals to meet their wide-area
communication needs.
The Stages of an Evolving Enterprise
Small Office (Single LAN)
Campus (Multiple LANs)
Branch (WAN)
Distributed (Global)
The Evolving Network Model
It provides a modular view of a network,

Useful high-level tool for designing a making it easier to design and build a
reliable network infrastructure.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
scalable network. 9
The Evolving Network Model
The Evolving Network Model - The
Enterprise Architecture
The Evolving Network Model - Modules in
the Enterprise Architecture
The Evolving Network Model - Modules in the
Enterprise Architecture - Topology Example
WANs and the OSI Model
WAN Physical Layer Terminology
Access server concentrates
dial-in and dial-out user
communications. The CSU provides termination for the
digital signal and ensures connection
integrity through error correction and
line monitoring.
The DSU converts

the T-carrier line
frames into frames
that the LAN can
interpret and vice
versa.
Up to 52 Mb/s on a 64 kb/s on a 25-pin D-
60-pin D-connector. connector over short
distances.
Up to 2 Mb/s on a 36-
pin D-connector and is
capable of longer cable
uses a 15-pin ITU-T runs.
D-connector.
Originally specified to support data rates of 48
kb/s, it now supports speeds of up to 2.048
Mb/s using a 34-pin rectangular connector.
Data Link Protocols
 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) -increasingly being deployed by

service providers to provide an economical solution to carry circuit-
switched as well as packet-switched network traffic.
WAN Encapsulation
WAN Frame Encapsulation Formats
WAN Switching Concepts - Circuit Switching
PSTN and ISDN are two
types of circuit-switching
technology that may be
used to implement a WAN
in an enterprise setting.
The usage of this fixed capacity may not be efficient

for data communication.
WAN Switching Concepts - Packet Switching
 There are two approaches to link determination:
Connectionless systems - carry full addressing
information in each packet. Each switch must evaluate
the address to determine where to send the packet.
Connection-oriented systems - predetermine the route
for a packet, and each packet only has to carry an
identifier. The switch determines the onward route by
looking up the identifier in tables held in memory.
 Packet-switched networks may establish Virtual Circuits
(VC) for particular end-to-end connections.
 A VC is a logical circuit created within a shared network
between two network devices.
 Two types of VCs exist:
Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC)-A permanently
established virtual circuit PVCs used in situations in
which data transfer between devices is constant.
Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC)-A VC that is dynamically
established on demand and terminated when
transmission is complete. Communication over an SVC
consists of three phases: circuit establishment, data
transfer, and circuit termination.
 Delays (latency) and variability of delay (jitter) are greater
 To connect to a packet-switched network, a subscriber
needs a local loop to the nearest point-of-presence (POP)
location where the provider makes the service available.
WAN Link Connection Options
The options available

differ in technology,
speed, and cost.
Dedicated Connection Options - Leased Lines
Dedicated Connection Options - Leased Lines
 Disadvantages include - a fixed capacity, variable traffic
leaving some of the capacity unused, separate physical
interface on the router per endpoint, which increases
equipment costs and any changes to the leased line
generally require a site visit by the carrier.
Circuit Switched Connection Options - Analog
Dialup
Low capacity intermittent, low-volume data transfers
Limit the rate of the signal to less than 56 kb/s
Adequate For small businesses for the exchange of sales figures,
prices, routine reports, and e-mail.
 Advantages are simplicity, availability, and low implementation cost.
Disadvantages are the low data rates and a relatively long connection
time.
Circuit Switched Connection Options
-Integrated Services Digital Network
ISDN can provide additional ISDN is also used as a
capacity as needed on a leased backup if the leased line
line connection fails.
ISDN tariffs are based on a

per-B channel basis and are
similar to those of analog
voice connections.
Common Packet Switching WAN
Technologies - Legacy X.25
Virtual circuits can

be established
through the Typical X.25
network with call applications are
request packets to point-of-sale card
the target address. readers.
Multiple channels X.25 link speeds
can be active on vary from 2400 Replaced by
a single b/s up to 2 Mb/s. newer layer 2
connection.
technologies30
Technologies - Frame Relay
Offers data rates up to 4 Mb/s
Most Frame Relay connections are

PVCs rather than SVCs. 31
Technologies - ATM
ATM offers both PVCs and SVCs
ATM cells are 53 bytes long. Contains a

5 byte ATM header followed by 48 bytes
of ATM payload.
ATM line needs almost 20 percent
greater bandwidth than Frame
Relay
ATM was designed to be extremely
scalable and can support link speeds of
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
T1/E1 to OC-12 (622 Mb/s) and higher.
Cisco Public 32
Internet Connection Options - Broadband
Services - DSL
Data rates of up to 8.192 Mb/s.

Popular choice for enterprise IT
departments to support home
workers.
Always-on connection technology
Services - Cable Modem
Always-on connection and a simple installation
All the local subscribers share the same cable
bandwidth.
As more users join the service, available bandwidth
may be below the expected rate.
Services - Broadband Wireless
Municipal WiFi
WiMAX
Satellite Internet
Internet Connection Options - VPN
Technology - Site-to-site VPNs
Site-to-site VPNs - connect entire
networks to each other
VPN Benefits
Cost savings
Security
Scalability
technology
Compatibility with broadband 36
Internet Connection Options - VPN
Technology - Site-to-site VPNs
Remote-access VPNs - enable individual hosts,
such as telecommuters, mobile users, and
extranet consumers, to access a company
network securely over the Internet.
Internet Connection Options - Metro Ethernet
Maturing networking
technology that broadens
Ethernet to the public
networks run by
telecommunications
companies.
Benefits of Metro Ethernet

IP-aware Ethernet switches include:
enable service providers to Reduced expenses and
offer enterprises administration
convergence Easy integration with existing
networks
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Enhanced business productivity 38
Choosing a WAN Link Connection
 In addition to the above considerations, to help in the
decision-making process here are some questions to ask
yourself when choosing a WAN connection option.
What is the purpose of the WAN?
What is the geographic scope?
What are the traffic requirements?
Should the WAN use a private or public infrastructure?
For a private WAN, should it be dedicated or switched?
For a public WAN, what type of VPN access do you
need?
Which connection options are available locally?
What is the cost of the available connection options?
Summary

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Services in a Converged WAN

Accessing the WAN – Chapter 1

Living in a Network- Introduction to Routing and

OSI Transport Layer Distance Vector Routing Enterprise Network

Implementing Spanning Tree Access Control Lists

Addressing the Implementing Inter-VLAN Providing Teleworker

WANs used by themselves, or in concert with the Internet,

Small Office (Single LAN)

It provides a modular view of a network,

The DSU converts

 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) -increasingly being deployed by

 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

The usage of this fixed capacity may not be efficient

The options available

ISDN tariffs are based on a

Virtual circuits can

Most Frame Relay connections are

ATM offers both PVCs and SVCs

ATM cells are 53 bytes long. Contains a

Data rates of up to 8.192 Mb/s.

Always-on connection technology

Benefits of Metro Ethernet

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