Formula to Memorize 1, ln a = b eb = a a ln(ab) = ln a + ln b; ln( ) = ln a ln b; ln ab = b ln a b ea+b = ea eb ; eab = e b ; (ea )b = eab

2,

= tan 0 = tan = cot = 0 2 2 3 sin = cos 0 = tan = cot = 1; cos = tan = 1 2 4 4 4 1 2 ; sin = cos = sin = cos = 4 4 2 6 3 2 tan = cot 0 = +, tan( ) = cot = 2 2 sin 0 = sin = cos sin2 x + cos2 = 1; sin( sin x x) = cos x; tan x = 2 cos x

3,

4, a2 b2 = (a b)(a + b); a3 b3 = (a b)(a2 + ab + b2 ) 5, Binomial formula for ax2 + bx + c = 0 b b2 4ac x= 2a 6, f f 1 = f 1 f = I , where f 1 is the inverse function, and I is the identity function. f (x) Domain Range 1 2 2 sin x [1, 1] [ , ] 1 7, Inverse triangular functions cos x [1, 1] [0, ] tan1 x (, ) ( 2, 2) 1 cot x (0, ) (0, )

8, lim f g = f lim g . For example lim ln f (x) = ln lim f (x). 9, Derivatives and antiderivative table f (x) f (x) f (x)dx C 0 Cx xa+1 a a1 x ax a+1 ex ex ex ln x 1/x NA 1/x 1/x2 ln |x| sin x cos x cos x cos x sin x sin x tan x sec2 x use substitution