Chương 4: Xây dựng và phát triển MIS

Chng 4:
H thng Thng tin Qun l

(Management Information Systems)
Xy dng v pht trin HTTT qun l

4.1 Quy trnh pht trin h thng thng tin 4.2 Cc phng php xy dng v pht trin HTTT 4.3 Cc phng php qun l qu trnh xy dng v pht trin 4.4 Nguyn nhn thnh cng v tht bi trong xy dng v pht trin HTTT
Ging vin: ThS. Phan Vn Thanh B mn: Qun tr Kinh doanh - (04) 3869 2301 E-mail: Thanhpv-fem@mail.hut.edu.vn Thanhpv@ibk.edu.vn
4.1 Quy trnh pht trin HTTT

iu tra phn tch h thng
1. iu tra v phn tch h thng

Mc tiu ch yu
Thit k Trin khai
Xc nh nhng vn ang tn ti ca h thng
Cu hi
Quyt nh c th
Khng thay i
Thng tin c cn thit cho t chc v ngi s dng?
Xc nh vn v cch thc m HTTT c th h tr
Vn hnh & duy tr Cc chng trnh v th tc HTTT c s dng h tr qu trnh kinh doanh
Tm hiu nhng yu cu mi v thng tin Cc hot ng, cc ngun cung cp v cc sp ca HTTT? S mt h thng ang tn ti
Xc nh nhng hnh thc k thut mi c kh nng h tr

MIS 4-3 Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012
Kh nng HTTT cn c p ng nhng yu cu ca ngi s dng?

http://fem.hut.edu.vn/
Thit k mt h thng mi
Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012
MIS 4-4


Phn tch chc nng ca h thng: tr li cu hi H thng lm g? v lm nh th no? bng cch lp m hnh chc nng ca h thng.
Cc mc din t chc nng

Din t logic, din t vt l
Din t vt l: lm g? Lm nh th no? Din t logic: lm g?
Cc mc din t chc nng

Din t logic, din t vt l Din t i th v din t chi tit
Din t i th v din t chi tit

Din t i th: chc nng c m t di dng hp en; thng tin vo, ra th c ch r nhng ni dung hp en th khng Din t chi tit: cc qu trnh x l c m t r hn. Nu cc chc nng con vn cn phc tp th cn phi m t r hn na. C tip tc th ta c s phn cp trong m t. Cui cng khi cc chc nng l kh n gin th s m t n gi l c t
Cc m hnh v phng tin din t

Biu phn tch chc nng (BFD) Biu dng d liu (DFD) Biu quan h thc th (ERD)
Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012 http://fem.hut.edu.vn/ MIS 4-5
MIS 4-6


S thay i mc din t
Din t HT c lm NH TH NO Din t HT mi lm NH TH NO Mc vt l Mc logic Din t HT c lm G Din t HT mi lm G
a) Kho st s b b) Nghin cu tnh kh thi c) Lp biu phn tch chc nng d) Lp biu dng d liu
MIS 4-7
MIS 4-8
a) Kho st s b
a) Kho st s b
Nghin cu ti liu
Nghin cu ti liu
y l phng php kho st bng mt nhng khng phi hin trng m l trn cc ti liu vit Ti liu: ha n, phiu thanh ton, s sch, tp my tnh, bin bn, ngh quyt,...
Quan st
Phng vn
S dng bng cu hi
Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012 http://fem.hut.edu.vn/ MIS 4-9 Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012 http://fem.hut.edu.vn/ MIS 4-10
a) Kho st s b
a) Kho st s b
Quan st
Theo di ti hin trng, ni lm vic mt cch th ng i hi nhiu thi gian Ngi b quan st thng thy kh chu, thng thay i hnh ng theo chiu hng khng tt khi b quan st Nn kt hp vi phng vn ngay ti ni lm vic
Phng vn
Cu hi m: kh nng tr li l ln, ngi hi cha hnh dung ht c, p dng khi ngi hi mun thm d, gi m vn , ngi tr li phi c hiu bit rng. Cu hi ng: cu tr li l c sn, ch cn khng nh l phng n no.
MIS 4-11
MIS 4-12
a) Kho st s b
a) Kho st s b
Trt t cu hi phng vn
Thu hp dn: hi khi qut ri tp trung vo mt ch im M rng dn: cp vn c th no ri m rng phm vi Tht ri m: tp trung dn vo mt ch im ri m rng kt qu thu c Lu : khng nn th hin s p t, cn bit lng nghe, th hin tn trng, tin cy, thin cm
S dng bng cu hi
Lit k cc cu hi v ngi c iu tra ghi cu tr li ca mnh vo . t c tc dng dn dt t duy v ngi tr li c th tr li ty tin, khng theo th t cu hi, thm ch khng tr li t tn km
MIS 4-13
MIS 4-14
b) Nghin cu tnh kh thi

Kh thi v t chc Kh thi v kinh t
c) Lp biu phn tch chc nng (BFD)

Kh nng tit kim H thng c th h tr vic thit Gia tng doanh thu lp mc tiu chin lc ca t Gim ph u t chc ti mc no? Tng li nhun Kh thi v k thut Kh thi v iu hnh
Kh nng chp nhn ca ngi s dng Cc phn mm v phn cng Kh nng h tr vic qun l cho php xy dng h thng Cc yu cu ca chnh ph, ca ngi cung cp v khch hng
BFD din t s phn r dn dn cc chc nng t i th n chi tit, mi nt trong biu l mt chc nng. c im: cho ci nhn khi qut, t i th n chi tit; d thnh lp; c tnh cht tnh (khng thy trnh t x l); thiu s trao i gia cc thng tin chc nng.
MIS 4-16


Qun l doanh nghip

Lm tn dng
Qun l sn xut
Qun l ti chnh
Qun l marketing
Qun l nhn lc
Nhn n
Cho vay
Thu n
D bo doanh s
Qun l chi ph
iu tra th trng
Tr cng lao ng
Duyt vay
Tr li n
Qun l d tr
Qun l d n
Qun tr bn bng
Theo di nhn s
Xc nh k hn tr
X l n tr trong hn
X l n tr ngoi hn
MIS 4-17
MIS 4-18
d) Lp biu dng d liu (DFD)


DFD l mt loi biu nhm din t qu trnh x l thng tin ca mt HT vi yu cu: din t mc logic, ch r cc chc nng con cn thc hin hon tt qu trnh x l, ch r thng tin chuyn giao gia cc chc nng v qua thy c trnh t ca chng.
Cc yu t biu din ca DFD Cc chc nng Cc lung d liu Cc kho d liu Cc i tc Cc tc nhn trong
MIS 4-19
MIS 4-20


Cc chc nng
Khi nim: mt chc nng l mt qu trnh bin i d liu (thay i gi tr, cu trc v tr) Biu din:
Tn chc nng
Cc lung d liu
Khi nim: mt lung d liu l mt tuyn truyn dn thng tin vo hay ra ca mt chc nng no Biu din:
Tn lung d liu
MIS 4-21
MIS 4-22


Cc kho d liu
Khi nim: mt kho d liu mt ni m d liu c lu li, c th c truy cp nhiu ln v sau Biu din:
Tn kho d liu
Cc i tc /tc nhn
Khi nim: mt i tc l mt thc th bn ngoi h thng, c trao i thng tin vi h thng Biu din:
Tn i tc
MIS 4-23
MIS 4-24

Cc nguyn tc v DFD
u vo ca mt chc nng cn khc vi u ra ca n. Nguyn tc ny nhn mnh rng cc d liu qua mt chc nng phi c s thay i. Ngc li, chc nng s l khng cn thit v n khng tc ng g n lung d liu i qua. Cc i tng trong mt biu dng d liu phi c tn duy nht: mi chc nng phi c tn duy nht. Tuy nhin, mt s tc nhn ngoi v kho d liu c th c v lp li (nhm gim s rc ri trong biu ). Cc lung d liu i vo mt tin trnh phi to thnh mt lung d liu i ra.
Cc tc nhn trong
Khi nim: mt tc nhn trong l mt chc nng hay mt h con ca h thng c m t mt trang khc ca m hnh nhng c trao i thng tin vi cc phn t thuc trang hin ti ca m hnh Biu din:
Tn tc nhn trong
MIS 4-25
MIS 4-26
Cc nguyn tc v DFD
Chc nng:
Khng mt tin trnh no ch c ci ra m khng c ci vo. i tng ch c ci ra th ch c th l tc nhn (ngun). Khng mt tin trnh no ch c ci vo m khng c ci ra. i tng ch c ci vo ch c th l tc nhn (ch).
Cc nguyn tc v DFD
Lung d liu:
Mt lung d liu khng th quay li ni m n va i khi Mt lung d liu i vo mt kho c ngha l kho d liu c cp nht. Mt lung d liu i ra khi mt kho c ngha l d liu c c.
MIS 4-27
MIS 4-28
Cc nguyn tc v DFD
Kho d liu:
Khng c lung d liu t mt kho n mt kho d liu khc D liu khng th di chuyn trc tip t mt tc nhn n mt kho d liu v ngc li.
Cc nguyn tc v DFD
Tc nhn:
D liu khng th di chuyn trc tip t mt tc nhn n mt tc nhn khc
MIS 4-29
MIS 4-30

Mt s lu khi xy dng DFD

Trnh t xy dng biu lung d liu Phn tch t trn xung bng cch thnh lp dn cc DFD din t cc chc nng ca h thng theo tng mc. Mi mc l mt tp hp cc DFD
V d DFD din t qu trnh bn hng

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012 http://fem.hut.edu.vn/ MIS 4-31 Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012 http://fem.hut.edu.vn/ MIS 4-32

Cc mc trong biu dng d liu Mc 0: y cn gi l mc bi cnh hay khung cnh trong ch c mt chc nng duy nht Mc 1 (cn gi l mc nh), v cc mc 2, 3, 4 c thnh lp nh sau:
Phn r chc nng thnh nhiu chc nng con V li lung d liu ra, vo cc chc nng Nghin cu cc quan h v cc d liu gia cc chc nng con, nh b sung lung d liu ni b hoc kho d liu ni b.

nh s khi s dng biu dng d liu
0 Mc 0 (bi cnh)
Mc 1 (nh)
2.1
2.2
2.3
Mc 2
MIS 4-34
MIS 4-35
MIS 4-36
MIS 4-37
MIS 4-38
2. Thit k h thng
Thit k giao din vi ngi s dng
Thit k d liu
Thit k qu trnh
c t h thng
Tiu chun thit k
MIS 4-39
MIS 4-40
2. Thit k h thng
4.1 Quy trnh pht trin HTTT Biu quan h thc th (ERD)
Chng t VKH
2. Thit k h thng
V d v Biu quan h thc th c bn ca HTTT K ton
Chng t Tng ng Bt ton
Thc th (Entity): n v d liu cn lu tr Vd: chng t, bt ton, ti khon, n v khch hng... Chng t Thuc tnh (Attribute): Ngy Cc thuc tnh, tnh cht ca ch th S chng t Vd: (Chng t) Ngy, S chng t, S H, S H Khon mc Khon mc, Din gii... Din gii Kho: Thuc tnh chnh gip xc nh thc th Chng t Vd: Chng tS chng t, SVS hiu SV, Ngy S chng t NgiH tn+Ngy sinh+H khu S H Quan h: ... 1-1 1-N N-N
N Ti khon
Ngoi H thng
Trong H thng
MIS 4-42
3. Thc hin v bo tr h thng

Mc s dng h thng
S hi lng ca ngi s dng
Chi ph v li ch
MIS 4-43
MIS 4-44

4.1 Quy trnh pht trin HTTT Chy th (testing)
Bc Chy th n v (Unit test) Chy th h thng (System test) Chy th ln cui (Final test) Xt duyt, nghim thu Ni dung chy th Ln lt chy th cc chng trnh ring r trong h thng Kim tra hot ng ca ton b h thng Kim tra thi gian thc hin, dung lng lu tr, kh nng x l trng ti ln nht, kh nng khi phc v khi ng li Chy th vi ngi dng cui, vi d liu tht trong mt thi gian nht nh (ty phng php trin khai) Lnh o xt duyt bo co kt qu chy th, k bin bn nghim thu h thng

Cc phng php trin khai (implementation, deployment)
Phng php Song song Cch trin khai H thng c v mi chy chung vi nhau mt thi gian di cho n khi chc chn hot ng tt Thay th hon ton vo mt thi im nh sn Trin khai th trong din hp, trin khai ton din khi c kt qu kh quan Tng bc theo chc nng h thng, khu vc a l... Vd: hi s trc ri n chi nhnh
http://fem.hut.edu.vn/ MIS 4-46
Mc ch m bo cc chng trnh khng c li m bo cc m un c s phi hp nhun nhuyn m bo hot ng trong mi trng thc tin Nghim thu (Ly tin)
MIS 4-45
u im
Nhc im Tn km, i hi nhiu nhn s v ngun lc Mo him, tn km hn nhiu nu c ri ro
An ton nht
Loi b trc tip Th im (pilot)
t tn km
Trin khai tng phn

Cc cng vic vn hnh, bo tr (maintenance) Sa cha li tn ng iu chnh phn cng, phn mm, tham s theo y.cu pht sinh Ci thin hiu sut x l Chi ph, cng sc bo tr, vn hnh lm tng ng k Tng chi ph s hu h thng (TCO) Mt s kinh nghim thc tin Phn b thi gian bo tr thng thng:
20%: G ri, sa li khn cp 20%: Chnh sa d liu, tp tin, bo co, phn cng, phn mm 60%: H tr ngi dng, ci tin vic sp xp ti liu, tng cng hiu sut x l
4.2 Cc phng php xy dng v pht trin HTTT

Phng php chu k h thng (7 bc)
Lp k hoch Phn tch
H thng mu th nghim
Xc nh nhu cu c bn ca NSD
Pht trin
Thit k
Pht trin h thng mu th nghip ban u
Kim nh
Vn hnh
S dng h thng mu th nghim
Gim thi gian, chi ph bo tr: thit k h thng tt; t chc quy trnh bo tr tt; s dng h thng h tr ngi dng (help desk)
Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012 http://fem.hut.edu.vn/ MIS 4-47 Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012
Bo tr
Sa cha h thng mu th nghim

MIS 4-48
4.3 Cc phng php qun l qu trnh xy dng v pht trin

Thu ngoi (outsourcing)

Thu ngoi (outsourcing)
S dng ni lc (insourcing)
u im
Tnh kinh t
Nhc im
Mt kh nng kim sot
iu kin p dng
HTTT khng to nn s khc bit
Mua phn mm dng sn
Cht lng dch v
Ngi dng t xy dng phn mm

Tnh c th d on c
S bt n v thng tin chin lc
HTTT khng ng vai tr quan trng
Thu dch v ng dng
Tnh linh hot,
Tnh ph thuc
Thu ngoi khng nh hng vic pht trin HTTT trong tng lai
MIS 4-49
MIS 4-50

S dng ni lc (insourcing) Ph hp vi doanh nghip ln; DN tit kim c chi ph nh vic t lm hoc khng c nh cung cp ph hp Hn ch do tn chi ph u t trang thit b, con ngi, Mua phn mm dng sn Ph hp i vi nhng chc nng ph bin cho nhiu DN; DN khng ngun lc t xy dng, thit k HTTT
Ngi dng t xy dng phn mm Thu dch v ng dng

4.4 Nguyn nhn thnh cng v tht bi trong xy dng v pht trin HTTT
Vai tr ca ngi s dng
Cht lng qun l qu trnh thc hin
Mc h tr qun l
Mc ri ro v phc tp ca d n

Chương 4: Xây dựng và phát triển MIS

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Chương 4: Xây dựng và phát triển MIS

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Chng 4:

H thng Thng tin Qun l

Xy dng v pht trin HTTT qun l

4.1 Quy trnh pht trin HTTT

1. iu tra v phn tch h thng

Thng tin c cn thit cho t chc v ngi s dng?

Xc nh vn v cch thc m HTTT c th h tr

Xc nh nhng hnh thc k thut mi c kh nng h tr

Kh nng HTTT cn c p ng nhng yu cu ca ngi s dng?

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

1. iu tra v phn tch h thng

1. iu tra v phn tch h thng

Cc mc din t chc nng

Cc mc din t chc nng

Din t i th v din t chi tit

Cc m hnh v phng tin din t

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

1. iu tra v phn tch h thng

1. iu tra v phn tch h thng

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

b) Nghin cu tnh kh thi

c) Lp biu phn tch chc nng (BFD)

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

c) Lp biu phn tch chc nng (BFD)

c) Lp biu phn tch chc nng (BFD)

Qun l doanh nghip

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

d) Lp biu dng d liu (DFD)

d) Lp biu dng d liu (DFD)

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

d) Lp biu dng d liu (DFD)

d) Lp biu dng d liu (DFD)

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

d) Lp biu dng d liu (DFD)

d) Lp biu dng d liu (DFD)

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

d) Lp biu dng d liu (DFD)

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

d) Lp biu dng d liu (DFD)

Mt s lu khi xy dng DFD

V d DFD din t qu trnh bn hng

Mt s lu khi xy dng DFD

Mt s lu khi xy dng DFD

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

Phan Vn Thanh 2006-2012

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