UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE + Maurice H. Stans, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS + Levis M, Branscomts, Director JANAF Thermochemical Tables SECOND EDITION D.R. Stull and H. Prophet Project Directors Ofice of Standard Reference Data National Bureau of Standards ‘Washington, D.C. 20234 NSRDS—NBS 37 Nat. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), 37, 1141 pages (June 1971) CODEN: NSRDA Issued June 1971 "For sale bythe Superintendent of Docu 8. Government Printing Omics Washington, D.C 402 (Order by Catalog No. © 18485) - Price $0.75 ‘Stock Number 030-0572JANAF THERMOCHEMICAL TABLES Superseding PB 168-370 and addenda 1, 2 and 3. The following personnel of the Dow Chemical Company: J. Chao, A.T. Hu, E. W. Phillips, G.C. Karris, S.K. Wollert, S. Levine, J.L. Cornutt, J. A. Rizos, B. H. Justice, FL. Oetting, Second Edition Prepared under Air Force Contracts F04611-67-C-0009 F04611-70.0028, by D. R, Stull and H. Prophet, Project Directors 1961-69 1965-70 1963-66 1965-68 1963-65 1960-61 1969-70 1962-63 1964 1961 at ALN, Syverud, T. E, Dergazarian,. A. C. Swanson, D. U. Webb, L. A. DuPlessis, H.K, Unger, R.S. Orehotsky, R. V. Petrella, S.T. Hadden, G.C. Sinke, ‘The Thermal Research Laboratory Dow Chemical Company Midland, Michigan ‘Technically Assisted by The Thermochemical Working Group Interagency Chemical Rocket Propulsion Group July 1970 1963-70 1959-63 1962-64 1967-68 1960-61 1963-64 1963-64 1961-62 1962 1961, 65, 69, 70Foreword The National Standard Reference Data System provides effective access to the quantitative data of physical science, critically evaluated and compiled for convenience, and readily accessible through a variety of distribution channels. The System was established in 1963 by action of the President's Office of Science and Technology and the Federal Council for Science and Technology, with responsi- bility to administer it assigned to the National Bureau of Standards. ‘The System now comprises a complex of data centers and other activities, carried on in academic institutions and other laboratories both in and out of government, The independent operational status of existing critical data projects is maintained and encouraged. Data centers that are components of the NSRDS produce compilations of critically evaluated data, critical reviews of the state of quantit tive knowledge in specialized areas, and computations of useful functions derived from standard refer- ence data. In addition, the centers and projects establish criteria for evaluation and compilation of data and make recommendations on needed improvements in experimental techniques. They are nor- nally closely associated with active research in the relevant field The technical scope of the NSRDS is indicated by the princi projects now active or being planned: nuclear properties, atomic and molecular properties, solid state properties, thermodynamic and transport properties, chemical kinetics, and colloid and surface properties. The NSDRS receives advice and planning assistance from the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences-National Academy of Engineering. An overall Review Committee con siders the program as a whole and makes recommendations on policy, long-term planning, and inter- national collaboration. Advisory Panels, each concerned with a single technical area, meet regularly to examine major portions of the program, assign relative priorities, and identify specific key problems in need of further attention. For selected specific topics, the Advisory Panels sponsor subpanels which make detailed studies of users’ needs, the present state of knowledge, and existing data resources as a basis for recommending one or more data compi contributes greatly to the guidance of NSRDS activities. ‘The NSRDS-NBS series of publications is intended primarily to include evaluated reference data and critical reviews of long-term interest to the scientific and technical community. The JANAF Thermochemical Tables Project, sponsored and monitored by agencies of the Defense Department, has been considered an important part of the National Standard Reference Data System. ‘The tables have found wide utility in technical areas far removed from those for which the work was initiated. Consequently, when plans for a Second Edition of the JANAF Thermochemical Tables were under discussion, a suggestion was made that they be incorporated into the NSRDS-NBS publication series. This suggestion was accepted, and the present volume, NSRDS-NBS 37, is the outcome. It is hoped that this publication channel will lead to even wider distribution and greater use of these very valuable tables. al categories of data compilation es. This assembly of advisory services Lewis M. Branscoms, DirectorPREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION Beginning in the mid-1950's, when elements other than the conventional carbon, hydrogen, oxy. gen, nitrogen, chlorine, and fluorine came into consideration as rocket propellant ingredients, for- midable difficulties were encountered in conducting rigorous theoretical performance calculations for these new propellants, The first major problem was calculational techniques. The second was the lack of accurate thermodynamic data, By the end of 1959, the calculational technique problem had been substantially resolved by apply. ing the method of minimization of free energy to large, high-speed digital computers. At this point the calculations became as accurate as the thermodynamic data upon which they were based. However, serious gaps were present in the available data. For propellant ingredients, only the standard heat of formation is required to conduct a performance calculation. However, this must be known to a high degree of accuracy. For combustion products, the enthalpy and entropy must be known, as a function of temperature, in addition to the standard heat of formation. In order to resolve the problem, a substantial experimental thermodynamic research program was initiated under the sponsorship and technical direction of Project PRINCIPIA of the Advanced Re- search Projects Agency, Simultaneously, @ project was initiated to eritically evaluate and compile con- sistent tables of thermodynamic properties of propellant combustion products for use by the aerospace industry. This project, known as the “JANAF Thermochemical Tables,” was undertaken by the Dow Chemical Company. Since the objective of the project was to have one single source of “best available data” prepared for use by the entire industry, the JANAF Thermochemical Panel undertook the task of furnishing a critical review of the Tables prior to their publication and distribution. This approach was designed to insure that the Tables be of the highest possible quality. Washington, D.C. G. V. Mock. July 1964 Advanced Research Project AgencyPREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION It is appropriate to call attention to some of the reasons for the phenomenal success of the JANAF ‘Thermochemical Tables in achieving, first, the initial limited objective of providing the standard data for the chemical rocket propulsion industry, and later, upon publication, world-wide recognition as thermodynamic reference data of the highest quality and timeliness. First, and most obvious, there was the selection and continued support of a highly competent evaluation team, themselves engaged in a broad specturm of thermodynamic research. The personnel of the Thermal Research Laboratory of the Dow Chemical Company, under the direction of Dr. D. R. Stull and Dr. H. Prophet, have filled this role to a degree of excellence not likely to be exceeded any- where. Moreover, the group has heroically remained productive in spite of many battles to retain con- tinuing support, and the actual sharp reduction of funding over the past two years to a less-than-viable level. A second important factor is the unusual approach to format, evaluation, and distribution of the Tables, as it has been followed since their inception. The primary distribution is in frequently issued loose-leaf supplements. Each previously issued table may thus be revised as often as necessary fo take account of improved data. Each loose-leaf table is accompanied on its reverse side by a complete ex- planation of the selection of the key data, together with all references. The third vital distinction of these Tables has been the exist ing group composed of technological users of data, thermodynamicists, and government sponsors of oth research and development. Independent prepublication review of the Tables has been an impor- tant contribution of some of the members of this group; but its annual technical meetings have resulted in even more far-reaching benefits. Together, the users and generators of data have been able to estab- lish realistic priorities for the species to be included in the Tables; at the same time the course of experimental research has been guided by the demonstration of absence or inadequacy of needed data. of a continuing cognizant work- Although the working group no longer enjoys official recogni on, the members and parti enthusiastically volunteered to continue meeting in this important work. Special words of appreciation are due to Dr. Charles W. Beckett, who has lined up all the techni- cal presentations at the last six annual meetings of the working group; and to Mr. Curtis C. Selph who has served with wisdom and insight as the Air Force project monitor for the JANAF Thermochemical Tables contracts, Joserx F. Mast Air Force Office of Scientific Research Arlington, Virginia October, 1970Members of the JANAF Thermochemical Panel (1959-1961) and the JANAF Thermochemical Work- ing Group (1961-1964) were: T. 0. Dobbins, Advanced Research Projects Agency (Past Chairman) W. H. Jones, Institute for Defense Analysis; Aerospace Corporation (Past Chairman) W. G. May, Institute for Defense Analyses; Esso Research and Engineering Company (Past Chairman) C. W. Beckett, National Bureau of Standards (Vice Chairman) G. W. Avery, Chemical Propulsion Information Agency (Past Secretary) B. K. Farris, Chemical Propulsion Information Agency (Past Sceretary) T. L. Reedy, Chemical Propulsion Information Agency (Secretary) B. J. Alley, Army Materiel Command P. W. Bender, University of Wisconsin W. A. Bernett, Bureau of Naval Weapons B. Brown, Hercules Powder Company C.L. Funk, Jet Propulsion Laboratory J.S. Gordon, Thiokol Chemical Corporation L. J. Gordon, Aerojet-General Corporation S.A. Greene, North American Aviation, Incorporated . B. Henderson, Atlantic Research Corporation D.L, Hildenbrand, Phileo Corporation J. L. Margrave, University of Wisconsin J. P. McCullough, U.S. Bureau of Mines P. L. Nichols, Jr., Jet Propulsion Laboratory C.C. Selph, Air Force Systems Command D.R. Stull, Dow Chemical Company The Thermochemical Working Group of the Interagency Chemical Rocket Propulsion Group (ICRPG) has consisted of the following at various times during its existence (1964-1969). Members J. F. Masi, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Chairman) C. W, Beckett, National Bureau of Standards (Vice Chairman) ‘T. 0. Dobbins, Advanced Research Projects Agency S. Gordon, National Aeronautics and Space Administration R. Jackel, Office of Naval Research J. Murrin, Naval Ordnance Systems Command R. Odom, Army Materiel Command C. E, Selph, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory D. Squire, Army Research Office Participants G. S. Bahn, Marquardt Corporation B. Brown, Hercules, Incorporated H. F, Caleote, AeroChem Research Laboratories J.P. Coughlin, Aerojet-General Corporation J.S. Gordon, Atlantic Research Corporation D. R. Douslin, U.S. Bureau of Mines M. Farber, Space Sciences, Incorporated R. M. Fristrom, Applied Physics Laboratory C. B. Henderson, Atlantic Research Corporation D, L. Hildenbrand, Douglas Aircraft Company JL. Margrave, Rice University viW. G. May, Esso Research and Engineering Company W. Mitchell, Thiokol Chemical Corporation C.F. Robillard, Jet Propulsion Laboratory L, Schieler, Aerospace Corporation C. H. Shomate, Naval Weapons Center D.R. Stull, Dow Chemical Company M. Zimmer, Naval Ordnance Station Secretariat (Chemical Propulsion Information Agency) T. Gilliland M. McCormack T.L. ReedyProject Personnel The Tables began under the direction of Daniel R. Stull in 1959. Major contributions in the first two years were made by Thomas E. Dergazarian, Samuel Levine and Louis A. DuPlessis. In the years from 1961 to 1969 the major contributors were Jing Chao, Harold Prophet, Alan N. Syverud and Andrew T. Hu. In 1969 Harold Prophet succeeded Daniel R, Stull as project director. At present Alan N. Syverud, Andrew T. Hu and Jerry L. Curnutt are the principal contributors. Special mention must be made of Alan N. Syverud for his help in the technical editing of the Tables. Also G. C. Sinke has aided the project on numerous occasions with criticism, advice and tables. We also wish to acknowledge the valuable asssistance of Norma Dumont 1959-64, Viola E, Har- ington 1964-66, Carol S. Scheffler 1966-67, Wildene B, Harris 1967-68 and Mary J. Walter since 1968 in the typing of these Tables. Isabel Carr has provided valuable services to the group in abstracting, searching and ordering documents, and proof reading the Tables. We also wish to thank the staff of the Computation Research Laboratory for their assistance in the ‘many facets of the production of these Tables. Daniex R. Stor, Hanoxp ProperContents Foreword Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Members of the JANAF Thermochemical Panel .. Project Personnel ... Constants Used ........++ Symbols and Terminology ... Evaluation of Thermodynamic Data Calewlation Methods ....... Notes . Index to Tables Tables .Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 77-611423couspauts usep ‘De fundamental constants are thooe recomended by the International Union of Pure and Applied chesietry. ae seportes by F. bs Rousini, Pure and Applied chenistry, 4, 982 (1960), The physica. scate based on the atomic mare of e+ 12, reported by A. £. Dimeton and E. Hichorey J, As Chem. Soc. 88, 4175 (2962) is enployed, The temperature ecale {2 noninally the 2948 International Practical Tenperature Scale for matured quantities aid noninelly the thermodynanic temperature scale for calculated gaseous quantities. The probable errors betwven these soales and the 1968 International Practical Tenparature Scale are given by T. B. douglas, J. Faseasch Mat]. Sur. S84, 294, us (2969). Eunganental constants ame syne wave ns Velocsey of Liane . 2.497025 x 10 ort vogadeo Constant » s.02as2 x 107? mt Faraday Constant 3 6,407.0 ena? a . ener eg? wor Lames eat dex"? aot? second radiation constant 5 ager om ee efits ponstanss ee Syme tau att Standard gravity ® 40.868 Sed Standard atmospnene yor a6 a Svandand altlinetae ofsuorph. norphous etate ® ‘Me rotational constant for distonte of > centrifuge) atetortion constant % Dlesoclation anergy requtves to break a dond E Internat on intrinsic eneray Gort Gloss energy SEF PY. tS eu & uantun weight of electronic states e Gaseous state, or stacistscat velent rw eam Formule Nase ee lacey otate 4 Enthalpy (or heat content) © © + PY Principal aomanta of inertia of « nolecule gigi Product of tho principal monente of inertia x qustiondum constant Mg. or 4 uquta state = Yhumber of potential maxing in an éatermat Giroutan eupersenios, © PLAN IEOLOGY + tndloatss the therwodynante standard state thunaoteat oubscetgt, ae zgp, gs Senotes temperature in Kelvin ‘Temperature in degrees Celeise Tiectronte anergy Level Reduced mst of the molecule equttibeion porteton laitfon to the stove sysbo1s, the spectroscopic symbols and Eerminaiogy aaployed ty 6, Harsbare, "Spactea of Diatonic Di Yan losensnd Company, Trey Haw York, ace adopted. 4 fndieates the increnent in a given property for a given process on resetion, taken as the value for the final state Cor oun for the producte) less shat for te initial atate (or eum for reactants). AM, 06, 45, 06, equal the Snarenant én enthalpy, fabs energy, entrory and heat capacity, mvapectivelyy for Aptos the given compound fron {te slements, with each eubstanct in ite thermodynanie atandard atete at the given temperature, sn gaseous onyeen to completely onidined procucts at 25%c, and constant pressure, with ait reatonts and products in thei appropriate standan states.SYMBOLS AND TEANZwoLoey nen the reaction op procsas evolves heat, she aign of the change in enthalpy {a negative. Conversely, when the reaction fo process absorbs heat, the sign of the change dn enthalpy 4s positive AG ov aT} denotes the standard Gibos enarmy of formation, which 1s the inccenent in Gibbs energy associated with the reaction of forming the given compound Fron its elements, with each cuberance in Sts thermadynante stancané state at the sven temperature. onyoNy Stands for the 1ogsr{stm (Ko Me base 10) of the Ehormadynante eguilibefun constant of formation fOr the reaction of forning she elven compound frou {te elements at the indicated temperature, (ftygg, yg) Sastoates the enthadpy (or heat content) in the standard state at the temperature T Less the anthalgy 4a the standard state at 221 as x (Gp Hygp, 19/7 OF CEP Nyg.25)/7 dentes the cine aneray function in the stondard atate at temperature 7, and is datined a0 Fp © CEHyy 50/7 Sf repsesents the sbeolute entropy of the therodyanic standard atate at the sbeolute temperature 7, omitting conteibutione a “Tha Standard State Ss tahen as he etate at one atmosphere pressure and the temperature under consideration for he solid, squid, and ‘eal gas, Only homogeneous gubatances ane considered here. dhs Eaference state appa consequently the Raterence State tables presented ‘SEAWGES 16 SEMBOLS ON TABLES DATED 6930-66.0p LATER Susben wit ‘Sumo anit a angstrom ow ‘calories per degrea-tole on cntorte 3 josie Subscripts as defined earlier are used a2 nynbol modifiers but are placed on the fam Tine, thus, nest capacity te appreviated sas cp", entialpy of formation a0 ale", ote ‘RELATousHy 30 Stunts ‘the eyabote cot. mete”? dog? and gibbe/acl are idantion) and refer to unite of ealories por dapres-nole. Theze unite can be converted to Si unite of joules por degres-nole by multiplying the tabulated valuar by 4.108, SinfZarly values So Aisesioriez per mole can be converted to Joules per note ty matipiying with the factor HH, Tor fureher discussions of the 2 gysten and for conversions from other units the reader ould consuit Pure and applied chenietey, 2. 2 (370)