Using Mechanism With Top Down Design.

Using Mechanism with Top Down Design.
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[an error occurred while processing this directive] Suggested Technique for Using Mechanism with Top Down Design. Introduction Mechanisms can be used in a top down design approach. In this approach, skeletons are created to represent the moving part or subassemblies in a top level assembly. Multiple skeletons are used and connected using mechanism connections, this can be joints, cams or slots. For this reason, the config.pro option "multiple_skeletons_allowed" must be set to "yes". The skeletons will be the reference and the foundation for the detailed design to be completed. The following steps explain how to approach a mechanism assembly. This assembly does not contain any sub mechanisms defined by subassemblies. Procedure Step 1. Create a ground skeleton for the mechanism. The ground skeleton will serve 4 purposes: 1. The ground skeleton will be the reference for all non-moving parts of the engine like the oil pan, and the engine block for example. 2. The ground skeleton will be a reference to assemble moving skeletons via mechanism connections. 3. This skeleton can also contain key design parameters and relations. These parameters can then drive other dimensions or parameters in other parts through assembly relations. Here is a list of the key parameters and relations for this engine model.
Parameters: L Conrod length R Crank length B Bore diameter Relations: S=2( R ) - Stroke R_L=R/L - Conrod/Crank ratio L_R=L/R - Crank/Conrod ratio B_S=B/S - Bore/Stroke ratio
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V=p (B2)(S)/4 - Volume 4. This skeleton is also a 3D layout for reference geometry. Publish geometry features are created on this skeleton for future reference for detailed design parts. This includes bolt patterns and interfaces. Figure 1 shows the model tree for this ground skeleton along with the geometry. Notice the publish geometry features in the model tree. This single skeleton will publish geometry to several parts in the assembly. The publish geometry features have descriptive names that match the actual detailed part names. Figure 2, 3, 4 and 5 show the specific features that are referenced in each publish geometry feature.
Figure 1
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Figure 2 - Head Publish Geometry
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Figure 3 Block Publish Geometry
Figure 4 - Crank Case Publish Geometry
Figure 5 - Oil Pan Publish Geometry Step 2. Create a part to represent a skeleton for each moving part in the assembly. Create the parts individually in part mode. These parts will be used later as start parts for the skeleton parts in the assembly. This is due to the fact that skeletons can only be created on the fly in assembly mode and then assembled. Therefore, these parts will only be temporarily needed until they are copied from to create the moving skeleton parts.
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Step 3. Create and assemble each moving skeleton part. Each moving part is represented as a separate skeleton. Each skeleton must be created in the assembly. The parts created in step 2 are used to copy from when creating all the skeletons. Each of these skeletons is assembled using mechanism connections. Figure 6 shows the assembly of the crank_skel to ground_skel using a pin connection. The datum references should be planned ahead so that the references are available to create the connection. In this example, there is an axis on the ground_skel and the crank_skel representing the axis of rotation for the crank shaft. There is also a datum plane normal to the axes to define the translation of the pin joint.
Figure 6 - Pin Connection Cams and slots can only be added through the mechanism menu functionality. Therefore, after the parts are assembled as much as possible with joint connections, the mechanism functionality is used to finish the connections. Here is a summary of how the parts are assembled in this assembly in order from top to bottom: Ground Pin Cylinder Pin Slider Pin Slider Crank Pin Cylinder Cam Cam Cam ConRod Piston CamGear PushRod Rocker Valve
Crank ConRod Piston CamGear PushRod Rocker Valve
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Figure 7 - Rocker Pin Joint
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Figure 8 - Rocker Cam Connections Figures 7 and 8 shows an example of how a part like the rocker is first assembled using a pin joint upon assembly and then cam connections are added to complete the mechanism. Notice that cams can be defined by using curves instead of solid geometry. The skeleton mechanism can take advantage of all the mechanism functionality. At this point, the mechanism can be dragged and run through a range of motion.
Step 4. Add assembly level relations for the skeletons. Each parts key dimensions are driven by ground skeleton's key parameters through assembly relations. These relations can now be added since the skeletons are now assembled. For example, the parameter, L, in the ground skeleton represents the connecting rod length. An assembly relation will drive the distance between the two pin axes in the connecting rod skeleton. This allows design intent to be driven from one source. Figure 9 shows the completed skeleton mechanism with all of the joint connections and cams.
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Figure 9 - Complete Skeleton Mechanism Step 5. Perform kinematic studies on the skeleton mechanism. Drivers are added to the crank shaft and also gears with cams so simulate the gear ratio between the crank shaft and the cam shafts. This model uses a motion definition that runs for a 10 second time period. Since this is a four-stroke engine, the crank shaft driver rotates the shaft 720o over the 10 second time period. Therefore, the driver can be defined as a position driver with a slope of 72o/second. The cam shaft driver slope is 36o/second since the gear ratio is 2/1. Therefore the cams will rotate one revolution of 360o for a 10 seconds. Figures 10 and 11 show these drivers defined.
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Figure 10 - Cam Driver Figure 11 - Crank Shaft Driver There are some important points to note. First, it is fast to run and playback kinematic studies at this point since the geometry is simple and there is little load on the graphics hardware. Secondly, it is fast to change and optimize the mechanism. Since the features are simple, the regeneration time is short. Also, there is very little chance of regeneration failures. This allows the users to focus on designing and optimizing the mechanism before detailed design is completed and gives flexibility. Measures can be created and sensitivity studies and optimization can be performed using behavioral modeling.
Step 6. Assemble detailed parts. Each detailed part is assembled to a corresponding skeleton model. Below is a summary of which detailed part is assembled to which skeleton. Reference control can be used while assembling parts. Skeletons Ground_skel Detailed Parts Head Cyl_block Crank_case
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Crank_rod_caps Crank_rod_caps Oil_pan 1002r Crank_skel Conrod_skel Piston_skel Cam_gear_skel Cam_gear_skel2 Push_rod_skel Push_rod_skel2 Rocker_skel Rocker_skel2 Valve_skel Valve_skel2 Crank Rod Piston Cam_gear Cam_gear Push_rod Push_rod Exec_rocker Exec_rocker Valve Valve
Step 7. Finish the detailed parts. Just like the ground skeleton model, each skeleton model has publish geometry features. These published geometry features are then passed to the detailed model using copy geometry features. The rest of the geometry is created using the copy geometry feature as a reference. This process guarantees that as the skeleton model changes, the part will also associatively update. Figures 12 14 shows this process for the valve. Figure 12 shows the valve_skeleton part with all features shown. Figure 13 is also the valve_skeleton part with only the published features shown using layers. Figure 14 is the final detailed valve with one revolved protrusion referencing the copy geometry feature. Notice that this copy geometry feature is referencing the publish geometry feature. Reference control can be used if features are being created on the detailed parts while working in the assembly.
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Figure 12 - Valve Skeleton
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Figure 13 - Valve Skeleton Publish Geometry
Figure 14 - Fully Detailed Valve Part This is done for all parts to create a complete detailed assembly. Figure 15 shows the fully detailed assembly.
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At this point, parts can be freely removed or replaced in the assembly since detailed parts do not reference each other.
Figure 15 - Final Engine
Step 8. Run the motion analysis with all the parts. Enter the mechanism menu to access the mechanism functionality. The motion analysis created using the skeleton parts can be run to move all the detailed parts also. The detailed parts can also be dynamically dragged. Visualization is a topic worth discussing here. Since the model contains so many skeleton parts, it can easily clutter the assembly. There are three ways to simplify the visualization of the mechanism assembly. The first would be using Simplified Reps. One of the rules available for creating a Simplified Rep is Properties / Component Type / Skeleton. This is an automatic way to exclude all skeleton models in the Simplified Rep. This can be done using the By Rule functionality or Definition Rules. The second method would be to use layers. If the same layering scheme is used for parts, skeleton parts, and assemblies then all layers can easily be controlled from the top-level assembly. There are two ways to do this.
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The default template assembly has a layer called 07__ASM_ALL_SKELETONS. This layer automatically contains the skeleton models. Therefore, blanking this layer will blank all the skeletons. The other option is to blank datum planes, points, axes, curves and coordinate systems specifically belonging to the skeleton models using the layers. The third option is to use Component Display. The Component Display functionality can be used to blank all skeleton models. The motion definition can still be run and results can be played back using these visualization techniques.
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Using Mechanism With Top Down Design.

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