LOGO

Mt s bi tp v este
T 1
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Cc dng bi tp
1. Cc ch s ca cht bo
2. Phn ng thy phn
3. Phn ng t chy
I CC CH S CA CHT BO
1. Ch s axit l s mg KOH cn trung ha axit
t do c trong 1 g cht bo, k hiu l A.
RCOOH + KOH RCOOK + H
2
O
2. Ch s este l s mg KOH cn phn ng va
vi triglixerit c trong 1g cht bo, k hiu l E.
(RCOO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ 3KOH 3RCOOK + (C
3
H
5
OH)
3
3. Ch s x phng ha l s mg KOH cn x
phng ha hon ton 1g cht bo k hiu l X.




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t
o

t
o

A + E = X
Cu 16/tr15: tc dng va 16g cht bo (A)
cn dng 40ml dung dch B gm NaOH 0,4M v
KOH 0,6M. Ch s x phng ha ca A l:

A. 100 B. 120

C. 140 D. 84

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I CC CH S CA CHT BO
I CC CH S CA CHT BO

n
OH
_

phn ng =
C
M (NaOH)
xV + C
M (KOH)
xV = 0.04 (mol)

n
OH
_

phn ng =
n
KOH

m
KOH
= n
KOH
xM
KOH

= 0.04x(39 + 17) = 2,24 (g)= 2240 (mg)
16 g cht bo cn 2240 mg KOH
1 g cht bo cn ? mg KOH
X = 140 ( cu C )



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I CC CH S CA CHT BO

Cu 13/tr16: X phng ha hon ton a gam cht
bo c ch s axit bng 14, ch s x phng ha
bng 182 to ra 1085,5 mui Kali ca axit bo.
Gi tr ca a l:

A. 100 B. 1000

C. 1500 D. 2000


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RCOOH + KOH RCOOK + H
2
O
n
KOH (trung ha)
= = n
H2O
m
H2O
=

nKOH(este) = = 3n
G
m
G
=


m
KOH(phn ng)
=
Ta c phng trnh bo ton khi lng:
m
este
+ m
KOH
= m
mui
+ m
G
+ m
H2O

a = 1000 ( cu B)

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I CC CH S CA CHT BO

II Phn ng thy phn
- Trong mi trng axit: Phn ng xy ra thun
nghch
RCOOR + HOH RCOOH + ROH
- Trong mi trng kim (phn ng x phng
ho): Phn ng mt chiu, cn un nng
RCOOR + NaOH RCOOH + ROH

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t
o

t
o

Nu n
NaOH phn ng
= n
Este
Este n chc.

Nu RCOOR (este n chc), trong R l
C
6
H
5
- hoc vng benzen c nhm th
n
NaOH phn ng
= 2n
este
v sn phm cho 2
mui, trong c phenolat:
VD: RCOOC
6
H
5
+ 2NaOH RCOONa +
C
6
H
5
ONa + H
2
O
Nu n
NaOH phn ng
= o.n
este
(o > 1 v R
khng phi C
6
H
5
- hoc vng benzen c nhm
th) Este a chc.

II Phn ng thy phn
Nu phn ng thu phn este cho 1 anehit
(hoc xeton), ta coi nh ancol c nhm OH
gn trc tip vo lin kt C=C vn tn tai
gii v t CTCT ca este.
Nu sau khi thy phn thu c mui
(hoc khi c cn thu c cht rn khan) m
m
mui
= m
este
+ m
NaOH
th este phi c cu to
mch vng (lacton):

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II Phn ng thy phn
Cu 28/tr19: x phng ha hon ton 19,4g
hn hp X gm 2 este cn 200 ml dd NaOH
1,5M . Dung dch sau phn ng gm 1 mui v 2
ancol lin tip trong cng 1 dy ng ng. Hn
hp X gm:
A. Metyl axetat v metyl fomiat
B. Etyl fomiat v metyl fomiat
C. Etyl axetat v metyl axetat
D. Etyl fomiat v propyl fomiat
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II Phn ng thy phn

Gi cng thc chung ca 2 este l
n
NaOH
= C
M
xV = 0,3 (mol) = n

= = 64,66 =

Etyl fomiat v metyl fomiat



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2
2
O H C
n n
2
2
O H C
n n
M
n
m
332 , 2 32 14 = + n n
II Phn ng thy phn
- t cng thc ca este cn tm c dng:
C
x
H
y
O
z
( x, z 2; y l s chn; y s 2x )
Phn ng chy:








Nu t chy este A m thu c = Este A
l este no, n chc, mch h
Nu t chy axit cacboxylic a chc hoc
este a chc, s c t 2 lin kt tr ln <
Phn ng t chy mui C
n
H
2n+1
COONa:
2C
n
H
2n+1
COONa + (3n+1)O
2
Na
2
CO
3
+
(2n+1)CO
2
+ (2n+1)H
2
O

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O H
y
xCO O
z y
x O H C
t
z y x 2 2 2
2
)
2 4
(
0
+ + +
III Phn ng t chy
Nu t chy este A m thu c =
Este A l este no, n chc, mch h
Nu t chy axit cacboxylic a chc hoc
este a chc, s c t 2 lin kt tr ln
<
Phn ng t chy mui C
n
H
2n+1
COONa:
2C
n
H
2n+1
COONa + (3n+1)O
2
Na
2
CO
3
+
(2n+1)CO
2
+ (2n+1)H
2
O

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O H
n
2
2
CO
n
O H
n
2
2
CO
n
III Phn ng t chy
Cu 62/tr22: : Hn hp X gm hai este no, n
chc, mch h. t chy hon ton mt lng X
cn dng va 3,976 lt kh O
2
( ktc), thu
c 6,38 gam CO
2
. Mt khc, X tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH, thu c mt mui v hai
ancol l ng ng k tip. Cng thc phn t
ca hai este trong X l
A. C
2
H
4
O
2
v C
5
H
10
O
2
B. C
2
H
4
O
2
v C
3
H
6
O
2

C. C
3
H
4
O
2
v C
4
H
6
O
2
D. C
3
H
6
O
2
v C
4
H
8
O
2

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III Phn ng t chy
Thu phn to 1 mui v 2 ancol lin tip
2 este no n chc mch h l ng ng k
tip

0,1775 0,145
0,1775 = (3 -2)/2.0,145 = 3,625
C. C
3
H
4
O
2
v C
4
H
6
O
2

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O H n CO n O
n
O H C
t
n n
2 2 2 2
2
0
2
2 3
+

+
n n n
III Phn ng t chy
LOGO
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Cu 22/tr18: Cho 10,1 hn hp X gm Na v K tc
dng vi H2O, thu c kh H2 v dung dch A.
Lng dung dch ny tc dng va 23,6g hn
hp 2 este c to ta khi ancol etylic phn ng
vi 2 axit no n chc lin tip, thu c 25g
hn hp mui khan. Thnh phn % v khi
lng Na c trong hn hp X l:

A. 14,11 % B. 28,22 %
C. 22.77 % D. 71,78 %
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