Matrices - 3: EXERCISE - 3 (H)

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MATRICES -3
EXERCISE 3(h)
A. Solve the following system of equations.
i) By using Cramers rule and matrix inversion method when the coefficient
matrix is non-singular.
ii) Using Gauss-Jordan method. Also determine whether the system has a unique
solution or infinite number of solutions or no solution and find solutions if exist.
1. 5x 6y + 4z = 15
7x + 4y 3z = 19
2x + y + 6z = 46
Hint : x = 1 , y = 2 , z = 3
Sol. i) Cramers rule :

5 6 4
= 7
2
3
6
4
1
= 5(24 + 3) + 6(42 + 6) + 4(7 8)

= 135 + 288 4 = 419
15 6 4
1 = 19
46
= 15(24 + 3) + 6(114 + 138) + 4(19 184)

= 405 + 1512 660 = 1917 660 = 1257
5 15 4
2 = 7 19 3
2 46 6
= 5(114 + 138) 15(42 + 6) + 4(322 38)
= 1260 720 + 1136 = 1676
5 6 15
3 = 7
2
4
1
19
46
= 5(184 19) + 6(322 38) + 15(7 8)

= 825 + 1074 15 = 2529 15 = 2514
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1 1527
=
=3
419
1676
y= 2 =
=4
419
2514
=6
z= 3 =
419
Solution is x = 3, y = 4, z = 6.
x=
ii) Matrix inversion method :

AdjA
Hint : A 1 =
det A
5 6 4
A = 7 4 3
2 1 6
A1 =
4 3
= 24 + 3 = 27
1 6
B1 =
C1 =
7 4
2 1
A2 =
B2 =
7 3
= (42 + 6) = 48
1 6
6 4
1
5 4
2 6
C2 =
= 7 8 = 1
= (36 4) = 40
= 30 8 = 22
5 6
= (5 + 12) = 17
2 1
6 4
= 18 16 = 2
4 3
5 4
= (15 28) = 43
B3 =
7 3
5 6
C3 =
= 20 + 42 = 62
7 4
A3 =
A1 A 2
Adj A = B1 B2
C1 C2
Det A = = 419
A3 27 40 2
B3 = 48 22 43
C3 1 17 62
27
AdjA
1
A =
=
48
DetA 419
1
27
1
1
x=A D=
48
419
1
1
40 2
22 43
17 62
40 2 15
22 43 19
17 62 46
+405 + 760 + 92
1
=
720 + 418 + 1978
419
15 323 + 2852
1257 3
1
=
1676 = 4
419
2514 6
iii) Gauss-Jordan method :
5 6 4 15
Augmented matrix is A = 7 4 3 19
2 1 6 46
R2 5R2 7R1, R3 5R3 2R1
15
5 6 4
A ~ 0 62 43 10
0 17 22 200
R1 31R1 + 3R2, R3 62R3 17R2
5
435
155 0
A ~ 0 62 43
10
0 2095 12570
0
1
R3 R3
2095
155 0 5 435
A ~ 0 62 43 10
0
0
1
6
R1 R1 + 5R3, R2 R2 + 43R3
155 0 0 465
A ~ 0 62 0 248
0
0 1 6
1
1
R1 R1
R2 R2
155
62
1 0 0 3
A ~ 0 1 0 4
0 0 1 6
Unique solution exists.
2.
I.
x+y+z=1
2x + 2y + 3z = 6
x + 4y + 9z = 3
i) Cramers rule
1 1 1
= 2 2 3
1 4 9
= 1(18 12) 1(18 3) + 1(8 2)
= 6 15 + 6 = 3
1 1 1
1 = 6 2 3
3 4 9
= 1(18 12) 1(54 9) + 1(24 6)
= 6 45 + 18 = 21
1 1 1
2 = 2 6 3
1 3 9
= 1(54 9) 1(18 3) + 1(6 6)
= 45 15 = 30
1 1 1
3 = 2 2 6
1 4 3
= 1(6 24) 1(6 6) + 1(8 2)
= 18 0 + 6 = 12
x=
1 21
=
=7
y=
2 30
=
= 10
3
3 12
=
=4
3
Solution is x = 7, y = 10, z = 4.
z=

1 1 1
x
Let A = 2 2 3 , X = y and D =
1 4 9
z
A1 =
2 3
4 9
B1 =
C1 =
B2 =
1 4
2 3
2 3
2 2
= (4 1) = 3
= 3 2 =1
1 1
1 1
= (9 4) = 5
= 9 1 = 8
1 1
1 1
B3 =
C3 =
4 9
1 9
= (18 3) = 15
= 82 = 6
1 1
1 1
C2 =
A3 =
1 9
1 4
A2 =
= 18 12 = 6
2 3
2 2
1
6

3
= (3 2) = 1
= 22 = 0
A1 A 2
AdjA = B1 B2
C1 C2
DetA = = 3
A3 6 5 1
B3 = 15 8 1
C3 6 3 0
6 5 1
AdjA
1
=
= 15 8 1
DetA
3
6 3 0
6 5 1 1
1
x = A 1D = 15 8 1 6
3
6 3 0 3
6 30 + 3
21 7
1
1
= 15 + 48 3 = 30 = 10
3
3
6 18 + 0
12 4
Solution is x = 7, y = 10, z = 4.
iii) Gauss-Jordan method:
1 1 1 1
1 4 9 3
R 2 R 2 2R1 , R 3 R 3 R1
1 1 1 1
A ~ 0 0 1 4
0 3 8 2
R 3 R 3 8R 2 , R1 R1 R 2
1 1 0 3
A ~ 0 0 1 4
0 3 0 30
1
R3 R3
3
1 1 0 3
A ~ 0 0 1 4
0 1 0 10
Unique solution exists
R1 R1 R 3 , R 2 R 3
1 0 0 7
A ~ 0 1 0 10
0 0 1 4
Solution is x = 7, y = 10, z = 4.
3.
x y + 3z = 5
4x + 2y z = 0
x + 3y + z = 5
Sol. (i) Cramers rule :

1 1 3
= 4
1
= 1(2 + 3) + 1(4 1) + 3(12 + 2)

= 5 + 3 + 42 = 50
5 1 3
1 = 0
= 5(2 + 3) + 1(0 + 5) + 3(0 10)

= 25 + 5 30 = 0
1 5 3
2 = 4
0 1
1 5
= 1(0 + 5) 5(4 1) + 3(20 0)

= 5 15 + 60 = 50
1
3 = 4
1
1 5
2
= 1(10 0) + 1(20 0) + 5(12 + 2)

= 10 + 20 + 70 = 100
0
x= 1 =
=0
50
50
=1
y= 2 =
50
3 100
=
=2
50
Solution is x = 0, y = 1, z = 2/
z=
1 1 3
Let A = 4 2 1 , X =
1 3 1
A1 =
2 1
3
B1 =
C1 =
1
2
1 3
C3 =
= 1+ 3 = 4
B3 =
4 1
1 1
4
= (1 9) = 10
1 1
C2 =
A3 =
= (4 1) = 3
= 12 + 2 = 14
1 3
A2 =
B2 =
= 2+3=5
x
5
y and D = 0

5
z
= (3 1) = 2
= 1 6 = 5
= (1 12) = 13
= 2+4 = 6
A1 A 2 A3 5 10 5
AdjA = B1 B2 B3 = 3 4 13
C1 C2 C3 14 2 6
det A = a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1
= 1 5 1 (30 + 3 14
= 5 + 3 + 42 = 50
5 10 5
AdjA 1
1
A =
=
3 4 13
det A 50
14 2 6
5 10 5 5
1
X=A D=
3 4 13 0
50
14 2 6 5
25 + 0 25
0 0
1
1
=
15 + 0 + 65 =
50 = 1
50
50
70 + 0 + 30
100 2
1
iii) Gauss Jordan method :

1 1 3 5
Augmented matrix is 4 2 1 0
1 3 1 5
By R 2 R 2 4R1 , R 3 R 3 + R1
5
1 1 3
A ~ 0 6 13 20
0 2
4
10
1
R3 R3
2
5
1 1 3
A ~ 0 6 13 20
0 1
2
5
R1 R1 + R 3 , R 2 R 2 6R 3
10
1 0 5
A ~ 0 0 25 50
0 1 2
5
1
R2 R2
25
1 0 5 10
A ~ 0 0 1 2
0 1 2 5
R1 R1 5R 2 , R 3 R 3 2R 2
1 0 0 0
A ~ 0 0 1 2
0 1 0 1
R 2 R3
1 0 0 0
A ~ 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 2
Unique solution
4.
2x + 6y + 11 = 0
6x + 20y 6z + 3 = 0
6y 18z + 1 = 0
2 6
0
Sol. = 6 20
0 6 18
= 2(360 + 36) 6(108 0)
= 648 + 648 = 0
Cramers rule and matrix inversion method cannot be used. = 0
ii) Gauss Jordan method :
0 11
2 6
Augmented matrix is 6 20 6 3
0 6 18 1
R 2 R 2 3R1
2 6 0 11
A ~ 0 2 6 30
0 6 18 1
R 3 R 3 3R 2
2 6 0 11
A ~ 0 2 6 30
0 0 0 93
(A) = 2, (AB) = 3
(A) (AB)
The given system of equations do not have a solution.
5.
2x y + 3z = 9
x+y+z=6
xy+z=2

2 1 3
= 1 1 1
1 1 1
= 2(1 + 1) + 1(1 1) + 3(1 1)
= 4 + 0 6 = 2
9 1 3
1 = 6 1 1
2 1 1
= 9(1 + 1) + 1(6 2) + 3(6 2)
= 18 + 4 24 = 2
2 9 3
2 = 1 6 1
1 2 1
= 2(6 2) 9(1 1) + 3(2 6)
= 8 0 12 = 4
2 1 9
3 = 1 1 6
1 1 2
= 2(2 + 6) + 1(2 6) + 9(1 1)
= 16 4 18 = 6
4
x= 1 =
= 1, y = 2 =
=2
2
2
3 6
=
=3
2
z=
2 1 3
Let A = 1 1 1 , X =
1 1 1
1 1
= 1+1 = 2
A1 =
1 1
1 1
B1 =
1 1
x
y and D =

z
9
6

2
=0
1 1
= 1 1 = 2
1 1
1 3
= (1 + 3) = 2
A2 =
1 1
C1 =
B2 =
2 3
1 1
2
1
1
A3 =
1
C2 =
B3 =
C3 =
= 2 3 = 1
1
= (2 + 1) = 1
1
3
= 1 3 = 4
1
2 3
1 1
= (2 3) = 1
2 1
= 2 +1 = 3
1 1
A1 A 2 A3 2 2 4
AdjA = B1 B2 B3 = 0 1 1
C1 C2 C3 2 1 3
DetA = a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1
= 2(2) 1 0 + 3(2)
= 4 6 = 2
2 2 4
AdjA
1
A 1 =
= 0 1 1
DetA
2
2 1 3
2 2 4 9
1
X = A D = 0 1 1 6
2
2 1
3 2
1
18 12 8
2 1
1
1
= 6 + 2 = 4 = 2
2
2
18 + 6 + 6
6 3
iii) Gauss-Jordan method :
2 1 3 9
Augmented matrix A = 1 1 1 6
1 1 1 2
R1 R1 2R 2 , R 3 R 3 R1
0 3 1 3
A ~ 1 1 1 6
0 2 0 4
0 3 1 3
1
R 3 R 3 gives A ~ 1 1 1 6
2
0 1 0 2
R1 R1 + 3R 3 , R 2 R 2 R 3
0 0 1 3
A ~ 1 0 1 4
0 1 0 2
0 0 1 3
R 2 R 2 R1 gives A ~ 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 2
By R1 R 2 , R 2 R 2 R 3 we get
1 0 0 1
A ~ 0 1 0 2
0 0 1 3
The given equations have a unique solution.
6.
2x y + 8z = 13
3x + 4y + 5z = 18
5x 2y + 7z = 20

2 1 8
= 3 4 5
5 2 7
= 2(28 + 10) + 1(21 25) + 8(6 20)
= 76 4 208 = 136
13 1 8
1 = 18 4 5
20 2 7
= 13(28 + 10) + 1(126 100) + 8(36 80)
= 494 + 26 928 = 408
2 13 8
2 = 3 18 5
2 20 7
= 2(126 100) 13(21 25) + 8(60 90)
= 52 + 52 240 = 136
2 1 13
3 = 3 4 18
5 2 20
= 2(80 + 36) + 1(60 90) + 13(6 20)
= 232 30 338 = 136
408
x= 1 =
=3
136
136
y= 2 =
=1
136
136
z= 3 =
=1
136
2 1 8
x
Let A = 3 4 5 , X = y and D =
5 2 7
z
A1 =
4 5
= 28 + 10 = 38
2 7
3 5
= (21 25) = 4
5 7
B1 =
C1 =
3 4
= 6 20 = 26
5 2
A2 =
B2 =
1 8
= (7 + 16) = 9
2 7
2 8
= (14 40) = 26
5 7
2
5
1
A3 =
4
2
B3 =
3
C2 =
C3 =
13
18

20
1
= (4 + 5) = 1
2
8
= 5 32 = 37
5
8
= (10 24) = 14
5
2 1
= 8 + 3 = 11
3 4
A1 A 2 A3 38 9 37
AdjA = B1 B2 B3 = 4 26 14
C1 C2 C3 26 1
11
Det A = a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1
= 2 38 + (1)4 + 8(26)
= 76 4 208 = 136
38 9 37
AdjA
1
=
A =
4 26 14
Det A
136
26 1
11
38 9 37 13
1
1
X=A D=
4 26 14 18
280
26 1
11 20
1
494 162 740

1
52 468 +280
=
136
338 18 +220
408 3
1
=
136 = 1
136
136 1
2 1
Augmented matrix is A = 3 4
5 2
R 2 2R 2 3R1 , R 3 2R 3 5R 2
8 13
5 18
7 20
we get
13
2 1 8
A ~ 0 11 14 3
0 1 26 25
R1 R1 + R 3 , R 2 R 2 11R 3 , we get
2 0 18 12
A ~ 0 0 272 272
0 1 26 25
1
R2 R2
we get
272
2 0 18 12
A ~ 0 0 1
1
0 1 26 25
R1 R1 + 18R 2 , R 3 R 3 + 26R 2 , we get
2 0 0 6
A ~ 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 3
1
R 2 R 3 , R1 we get A ~ 0 1 0 1
2
0 0 1 1
The given equations have a unique solution and solution is x = 3, y = 1, z = 1.
7.
2x y + 3z = 8
x + 2y + z = 4
3x + y 4z = 0

2 1 3
= 1
3
2
1
1
4
= 2(8 1) + 1(4 3) + 3(1 6)

= 18 + 1 21 = 38
8 1 3
1 = 4
0
2
1
1
4
= 8(8 1) + 1(16 0) + 3(4 0)

= 72 16 + 12 = 76
2 8 3
2 = 1 4 1
3 0 4
= 2(16 0) 8(4 3) + 3(0 12)
= 32 8 36 = 76
2 1 8
3 = 1
3
2
1
4
0
= 2(0 4) + 1(0 12) + 8(1 6)

= 8 12 56 = 76
1 76
=
=2
38
76
=2
y= 2 =
38
76
=2
z= 3 =
38
x=

2 1 3
Let A = 1 2 1 , X =
3 1 4
A1 =
1 4
B1 =
x
y , D =

z
8
4

0
= 8 1 = 9
1 1
= (4 3) = 1
3 4
1 2
= 1 6 = 7
3 1
1 3
A2 =
= (4 3) = 1
1 4
C1 =
B2 =
3 4
C2 =
A3 =
= 8 9 = 17
2 1
= (2 + 3) = 5
3 1
1 3
= 1 6 = 7
2 1
B3 =
C3 =
2 3
= (4 + 3) = 7
1 2
1
= 4 1 = 3
1 2
2
A1 A 2 A3 9 1 7
AdjA = B1 B2 B3 = 1 17 7
C1 C2 C3 7 5 3
Det A = a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1
= 2(9) 1(1) + 3(7)
= 18 + 1 21 = 38
9 1 7
AdjA
1
= 1 17 7
A =
DetA
38
7 5 3
9 1 7 8
1
1
X = A D = 1 17 7 4
38
7 5 3 0
1
72 4
76 2
1
1
= 8 68 = 76 = 2
38
38
56 20
76 2
2 1 3 8
3 1 4 0
R1 R1 + 2R2, R3 R3 + 3R2, we get
0 3 5 16
A ~ 1 2 1 4
0 7 1 12
R 2 3R 2 2R1 , R 3 3R 3 7R1 , we have
16
0 3 5
A ~ 3 0 7 20
0 0 38 76
1
R 3 R 3 , we get
38
0 3 5 16
A ~ 3 0 7 20
0 0 1
2
R1 R1 5R 2 , R 2 R 2 + 7R 3 , we get
0 3 0 6
A ~ 3 0 0 6
0 0 1 2
1
1
R1 R1 , R 2 R 2 , R1 R 2 we get
3
3
1 0 0 2
A ~ 0 1 0 2
0 0 1 2
8.
Solve x + y + z = 9
2x + 5y + 7z = 52
2x + y z = 0

1 1 1
= 2 5 7
2 1 1
= 1(5 7) 1(2 14) + 1(2 10)
= 12 + 16 8 = 4
9 1 1
1 = 52 5 7
0 1 1
= 9(5 7) 1(52 0) + 1(52 0)
= 108 + 52 + 52 = 4
1 9 1
2 = 2 52 7
2 0 1
= 1(52 0) 9(2 14) + 1(0 104)
= 52 + 144 104 = 20
1 1 9
3 = 2 5 52
2 1 0
= 1(0 52) 1(0 104) + 9(2 10)
= 52 + 104 72 = 20
4
x= 1 =
=1
4
12
y= 2 =
=3
20
=5
z= 3 =
4
Solution is x = 1, y = 3, z = 5
1 1 1
x
Let A = 2 5 7 , X = y , D =
2 1 1
z
A1 =
5 7
= 5 7 = 12
1 1
B1 =
C1 =
2 7
= (2 14) = 16
2 1
2 5
= 2 10 = 8
2 1
A2 =
B2 =
9
52

0
1 1
= (1 1) = 2
1 1
1 1
= 1 2 = 3
2 1
1 1
= (1 2) = 1
2 1
1 1
= 75 = 2
A3 =
5 7
C2 =
B3 =
C3 =
1 1
= (7 2) = 5
2 7
1 1
= 52 = 3
2 5
A1 A 2 A3 12 2 2
AdjA = B1 B2 B3 = 16 3 5
C1 C2 C3 8 1 3
Det A = a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1
= 1(12) + 1(16) + 1(8)
= 12 + 16 8 = 4
12 +2 2
AdjA
1
1
A =
= 16 3 5
DetA
4
8 1 3
12 +2 2 9
1
X = A D = 16 3 5 52
4
8 1 3 0
108 + 104
4 1
1
1
= 144 156 = 12 = 3
4
4
72 + 52
20 5
1

1 1 1 9
Augmented matrix A = 2 5 7 52
2 1 1 0
R 2 R 2 2R1 , R 3 R 3 R 2
9
1 1 1
A ~ 0 3 5 34
0 4 8 52
R1 3R1 R 2 , R 3 3R 3 + 4R 2
3 0 2 7
A ~ 0 3 5 34
0 0 4 20
1
R 3 R 3 , we obtain
4
3 0 2 7
A ~ 0 3 5 34
0 0 1
5
R1 R1 + 2R 3 , R 2 R 2 5R 3 , we get
3 0 0 3
A ~ 0 3 0 9
0 0 1 5
1
1
R1 R1 , R 2 R 2 we have
3
3
1 0 0 1
A ~ 0 1 0 3
0 0 1 5

Matrices - 3: EXERCISE - 3 (H)

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Matrices - 3: EXERCISE - 3 (H)

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Sol. i) Cramers rule :

= 5(24 + 3) + 6(42 + 6) + 4(7 8)

= 15(24 + 3) + 6(114 + 138) + 4(19 184)

= 5(184 19) + 6(322 38) + 15(7 8)

ii) Matrix inversion method :

ii) Matrix inversion method :

Unique solution exists

Sol. (i) Cramers rule :

= 1(2 + 3) + 1(4 1) + 3(12 + 2)

= 5(2 + 3) + 1(0 + 5) + 3(0 10)

= 1(0 + 5) 5(4 1) + 3(20 0)

= 1(10 0) + 1(20 0) + 5(12 + 2)

iii) Gauss Jordan method :

Sol. i) Cramers rule :

Sol. i) Cramers rule :

494 162 740

Sol. i) Cramers rule :

= 2(8 1) + 1(4 3) + 3(1 6)

= 8(8 1) + 1(16 0) + 3(4 0)

= 2(0 4) + 1(0 12) + 8(1 6)

ii) Matrix inversion method :

Sol. i) Cramers rule :

iii) Gauss Jordan method :

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