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  • How Doesan Optical Encoder Work?: Structure of An Absolute Encoder

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    Bassy Kaser
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    An optical encoder works by using a rotating disc with an optical pattern mounted on the encoder shaft. As the disc rotates, the pattern is read by phototransistors on the other side which generate position signals. These signals are converted into a digital code representing the shaft position. Single-turn encoders provide an absolute position over 360 degrees, while multi-turn encoders use multiple single-turn stages connected by a gear to measure position over multiple revolutions.

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    An optical encoder works by using a rotating disc with an optical pattern mounted on the encoder shaft. As the disc rotates, the pattern is read by phototransistors on the other side which generate position signals. These signals are converted into a digital code representing the shaft position. Single-turn encoders provide an absolute position over 360 degrees, while multi-turn encoders use multiple single-turn stages connected by a gear to measure position over multiple revolutions.

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    6 views2 pages

    How Doesan Optical Encoder Work?: Structure of An Absolute Encoder

    Uploaded by

    Bassy Kaser
    An optical encoder works by using a rotating disc with an optical pattern mounted on the encoder shaft. As the disc rotates, the pattern is read by phototransistors on the other side which generate position signals. These signals are converted into a digital code representing the shaft position. Single-turn encoders provide an absolute position over 360 degrees, while multi-turn encoders use multiple single-turn stages connected by a gear to measure position over multiple revolutions.

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    H OW D OES AN OPT IC AL EN C OD ER W OR K ?

    Structure of an Absolute Encoder

    The Optical Encoders typically consist of a rotating and a stationary member. The rotor is usually a metal, glass, or a plastic disc mounted on the encoder shaft. The disc has some kind of optical pattern, which is electronically decoded to generate position information. The rotor disc in absolute optical encoder uses opaque and transparent segments arranged in a gray-code pattern. The stator has corresponding pairs of LEDs and phototransistors arranged so that the LED light shines through the transparent sections of the rotor disc and received by phototransistors on the other side. After the electronic signals are amplified and converted, they are then available for the evaluation of the position.

    Opto-Array

    Reticle IR-LED

    Shaft

    Ball bearing

    Code disk

    Image 1: Construction Absolute Encoder

    www.posital.com

    FRABA Inc. 116 Nassau Drive, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 Phone (609) 896-1188, Fax (609) 896-1183 www.posital.com, info@posital.com

    H OW D OES AN OPT IC AL EN C OD ER W OR K ?

    Single-Turn In some applications the encoder shaft makes one revolution for one complete cycle of machine operation (angular rotation of a crankshaft in a punch press or rotary indexing table). Absolute single-turn encoders can provide absolute position values over a 360 range. After one turn the measuring range is completed and it starts over again. The resolution (number of position values over the 360 range) can be as high as 16 bits (216 = 65536). Multi-Turn In multi-turn applications the encoder shaft makes more than one revolutions to complete one machine cycle (e.g. most linear positioning, where the encoder shaft makes several turns to complete total travel). For these applications a multi-turn encoder will be required.

    The principle of the multi-turn encoder is relatively simple: Several single turn encoders are connected using a reduction gear (see Image 2). The first stage supplies the resolution per turn; the stages behind supply the number of turns. The available number of turns is usually 12 bits (212 = 4096).
    Code Discs

    16 1

    16 1

    16 1

    Image 2: Principle of the Multi-Turn

    www.posital.com

    FRABA Inc. 116 Nassau Drive, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 Phone (609) 896-1188, Fax (609) 896-1183 www.posital.com, info@posital.com

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