Kursus Pendek

EFFECTIVE TEACHING
STRATEGIES IN PRIMARY
MATHEMATICS
Institut Pendidikan Guru Malaysia
Kampus Rajang
Binatangor, Sarawak
Visualization and Spatial
Reasoning
 Essential content for
elementary teachers

Become familiar with projections,

cross-sections, and
decompositions of common two-
and three-dimensional geometric
shapes.
 Essential content for
elementary teachers

Construct three-dimensional
geometric shapes from two-
dimensional shapes and use a
two-dimensional representation
for three-dimensional shapes.

Example : draw a pyramid

Draw a pyramid in one minute

ready

go
 Essential content for
elementary teachers

Create and recognize a

geometric shape from different
perspectives (top, bottom, side).

Draw the plane of a triangular

prism
 Essential content for
elementary teachers

Use appropriate software (such

as the Geometer's Sketchpad®)
for showing representations of
geometric shapes.
Essential content for students
grades K-3
Specify locations and describe
spatial relationships using
representational systems.

– Describe relative positions in space;

interpret and apply ideas about relative
position.
Essential content for students
grades K-3

Use visualization and spatial reasoning

to solve problems.
– Use spatial visualization to create mental
images of geometric shapes.
– Identify and draw geometric shapes from
different perspectives.
– Recognize geometric shapes and
structures in their environment.
– Build and draw geometric objects from
mental images.
Essential content for students
grades 4-5

Maintain and expand on concepts

introduced in primary grades.
Essential content for students
grades 4-5
Specify locations and describe spatial
relationships using representational
systems.

– Use appropriate geometric vocabulary to

describe location, movement, and relative
position.
 Instructional activities and
lesson plans for visualization
and spatial reasoning