You are on page 1of 0

@A)B@ 2007

EGD@F(*C (H*K(*+)D@F*?CF)F@ B(GB


H8<0.879
.
C!'"igh$ - 1998 J%ni" Achie&emen$
Inc., Cl"ad S!"ing#,
Cl"ad, USA
C!'"igh$ - 2007 /2- :15 (4 4, .-,
E;6-:0=7 (I2>02816-:23<:1:- BJ;5
ISBN: 960-337-041-K
I6 1-@ 4- 36 )<:? -@ 3)/ . )3):MK>8. :.9 +-M:-7.9 L1 +6 8.9 8:.3 -2 2. 3/ -
1N ,2O88) :6< */ *2@ 6<:
CBUSINESS MATTERSD
I6 */ *2@6 K76 6 7@ B- :)/ 3) E7. 8/ 46 K6/ . 0-@, >9 <K68:.7/1:/1? <2/1?, 8:6
J7?,7)44) C%K/E-/7.4):/1?:.:) FL>3D, ,/) :.3 -3@8E<8. 1)/ 1)22/-
L7,-/) :6< K3-M4):69 :.9 -K/E-/7.4):/1?:.:)9 :>3 3L>3, 8- )7/04? 8E6-
2-@>3 :.9 +-<:-76*(04/)9 -1K)@+-<8.9 8:.3 %22(+).
I) 1-@4-3), :) 6K6@) K76L7E63:)/ )K? <2/1? :6< J"nio Achie#emen!
In!ena!ional, 4-:);7(8:.1)3 )K? :6 A+7<4) %<,-3@+6<, L,/3- 4/) K7O:.
-K-5-7,)8@)-K768)746,N :6<9 8:.3 -22.3/1N K7),4):/1?:.:) 8- 8<3-7-
,)8@) 4- :.3 %22.3/1N %:)/7-@) $/6@1.8.9 %K/E-/7N8->3 1)/ . K76-
8)746,N 8<4K2.7O0.1- 4- :. *6N0-/) 1)/ :.3 -K6K:-@) :6< J)/+),>-
,/16M '38:/:6M:6<.
& )3):MK>8. ,@3-:)/ 4- K7>:6*6<2@) :6< H>4):-@6< %K/E-/7.4)-
:/1?:.:) FL>3 (H%F), 8- 8<3-7,)8@) 4- :6 A+7<4) %<,-3@+6< 1)/ 4- :.3
-<,-3/1N E67.,@) :.9 Ci!igo"p Fo"nda!ion.
( H * K ( * + ) D @ F * ? C F ) F @ B ( G B
G 83 ( ) ) ()
" %
v^ OE MEU vI SK I hR Px OZO
vS\ NR HRU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
pSR NR H^ E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
@ kHRSD VRX jE VE OE NZ Vz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
kOVE HZ OK TP\U - sK TJ PE^ OIK HKE TEU; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
oI MK O{ OVEU P^E ?wK hI^ SJ TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
?wK hIK SJ PE V^ IU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
?wK hIK SJ PE VK M\ rhx GKR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
kOD NX TJ j\ TVRXU PKEU v^ VTEU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
uQX wOE iEP FE MI SD qwNRX aD MKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
vSR TWR SD MEK _z VJ TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
vSR FNz PE VE vSR TWR SDU MEK _zVJTJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
>K E Wz PK TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
sR rhx GKR vSR{LJTJU vZ Nz TI ZO VJU kLJ ODU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
sR pK MR OR PK M\ jy MNZ PE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
?wK hIK SJ PE VK Mz MEK jRK OZ OK Mz ?X Ly OJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
p B\ NRU VRX jSD VRXU TVR pK MR OR PK M\ jy MNZ PE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
vA nk jkr ?fBt jkA jkBsk vA srkr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
4
( H * K ( * + ) D @ F * ? C F ) F @ B ( G B
sR vS\ HSEP PE EXV\ TMRw\ xhIK OE IM wEK GIy IK Ox RXU, {TVI OE ME VE OR z -
TRXO VJ NIK VRXS H^ E VJU EHR SDU MEK VZO IwK hIK Sz TI ZO, wSR MIK Px ORX OE FIN VK -
{ TRXO VJO wRK \ VJ VE VJU aZzU VRXU.
rVE wNE^ TKE VRX vSR HSDP PE VRU wSR FNx wR OVEK My MNRK PE LJ PD VZO ThI VK MD
PI VJO RK MR OR P^ E MEK VKU IwK hIK Sz TIKU HKE PE LJ VxU VRX eX POE T^ RX, VRX ?OK E^ -
RX lX MI^ RX MEK VZO s??. @ yNJ VZO My MNZO I^ OEK RS HE OZ Px OJ MEVD FR J Lz PE -
VE.
uVTK: VR FR z LJ PE ! & wE Sx hIK VJ GX OE V\ VJ VE TVRXU PE -
LJ VxU OE IMVK Pz TRXO VKU GI QK \ VJ VIU MEK VE IO GK E Wx SR OVD VRXU, OE GK I SIX Oz -
TRXO wSR R wVK MxU TVE GK R GSR P^ EU, OE GK GE hLRyO GI QK \ VJ VIU HKE VJO EOE az VJ -
TJ IS HE T^ EU MEK OE IQE TMz TRXO wSR TZ wK Mz MEK RK MR HI OIK E Mz RK MR OR PK Mz GK E -
hI^ SK TJ.
sR FR z LJ PE $ wI SK HSD WIK VE FE TK MD hE SE MVJ SK TVK -
MD IO\U TX HMI MSK Px ORX RK MR OR PK MRy TX TVz PE VRU MEK VR S\NR VZO IwK hIK Sz TI -
ZO TI EXV\.
sR FR z LJ PE # wSRIVRKPDaIK VRXU PE LJ VxU {TVI OE EOVK -
NJ WLRyO VRO VS\wR PI VRO RwR^R EX VR^ TXO Gx R OVEK, PxTZ VRX IPwR S^ RX, PI
EO LS{ wRXU MEK wR NK VK TPRyU EOD VRO M\ TPR.
5
F L B B ; B
F(1 #' '*
@(' #' 3
;'(: jDLI PxTR MEK V\ wRU HKE VJO wSEH PE VR wR^ J TJ EHR SE wZ NJ TK {O.
;' ( )+ "J I $ %: @ EQ^E VRX hSz PE VRU XwR NR HK a\ PI OJ PI FDTJ \TE
PwR SI^ MD wRKRU OE EHR SD TIK PI P^E hSJ PE VK Mz PR OD GE.
;" ! ( )+' 8K ( ' F(' . 1$ (;F): @ TX OR NK Mz EQ^E VZO VI NK M{O EHE -
L{O MEK VZO XwJ SI TK {O wRX wE SD HIK J RK MR OR P^ E P^EU h{ SEU T' xOE xVRU.
;$( 3: @ ME VD TVE TJ VJU RK MR OR P^ EU TVJO RwR^E XwDS hRXO DVRPE wRX
Lx NRXO MEK PwR SRyO OE IS HE TVRyO ENND GIO FS^ TMRXO EwE Th\ NJ TJ.
;$+ / $ )%1*: ?^ OEK J DPKNNE PI VE Qy VZO IwK hIK Sz TI ZO ZU wSRU VJO wRK -
\ VJ VE, VJO VKPz VRX wSR Y \ OVRU M.D. {TVI OE MIS G^ TRXO PI HE Ny VI SR PI S^ GK R
TVJO EHRSD.
;$K $- % + (3: q^E IwK hI^ SJ TJ wRX EOz MIK TI GXR z wI SKT T\ VI SRXU
PI V\ hRXU, RK RwR^RK IX Ly OR OVEK HKE VKU XwR hSx Z TIKU VJU IVEK SI^ EU Px hSK VRX
wR TRy wRX xhRXO IwIO Gy TIK T' EX VzO. sR MI WD NEK \ VJU hZ S^ aI VEK TI ^TE PxSJ
(PI VR hxU).
;1 ( )+ ( " (+ (3 *): uOE hE SE MVJ SK TVK M\ HO{ SK TPE kO{ OX PJU
?VEK SI^ EU, wRX VJU G^ OIK VJ GX OE V\ VJ VE OE TX OI h^ TIK VJ NIK VRXS H^ E VJU EM\PJ
MEK PIVD VR LD OE VR VZO PI V\ hZO VJU.
;G1 ' ): ~,VK EwR Wx SIK P^E IwxO GX TJ, IM WSE TPx OR ZU wR TR TV\.
;+' % "J ' "+ )3 : sR GK ME^ Z PE wRX xhIK MDLI DVRPR OE ME Vx hIK HJ, MVz -
SKE z EHELD. vI SK NEP FD OI VEK Iw^ TJU J wOIX PE VK Mz KGK R MVJ T^ E, \wZU RK TV^ hRK
IO\U VSE HRX GKRy, xOE wS\ HSEP PE XwR NR HK TVz z VE Thx GKE P^EU OxEU EOE MD -
NX bJU.
)%1*: @ IwK FR Nz IO\U W\ SRX TVKU IQE HZ HxU.
J #/ ) )' J % +'*: pK MR OR PK Mz Gz NZ TJ wRX TX OR b^ aIK VKU EwR GR hxU,
VKU GE wD OIU MEK VE MxSGJ z VKU aJ P^ IU.
%' ) ' $' % "J F' # + "J: ry OR NR Px VSZO PI VE RwR^E VR MSD VRU wE SIP -
FE^ OIK TVJO RK MR OR P^ E PI VJ WR SR NR H^ E MEK VKU MSE VK MxU GE wD OIU PI TV\hR VJ
TVE LI SR wR^ J TJ VJU RK MR OR P^ EU.
6
( H * K ( * + ) D @ F * ? C F ) F @ B ( G B
@( ' # ' 3
$' %J: >K E GK ME T^ E PI VE WR SDU EHE L{O MEK XwJ SI TK {O Ew\ VRO wE SE HZ -
H\ TVRO ME VE OE NZ Vz.
- !- $+H* (% $ +5(): pK DO LSZ wRK wRX I^ OEK XwIy LX ORK HKE VJO RS HD -
OZ TJ, VRO xNIHhR MEK VJ NIK VRXS H^ E P^EU IwK hI^ SJ TJU.
)1 %: sR Ty OR NR VZO EPRK F{O wRX NEP FD OIK MD wRKRU HKE VJ TXP PI VR -
hz VRX TVJO wE SE HZ HK Mz GK E GK ME T^ E (MxSGJ, PK TLR^, V\ MRK, IOR^ MKE).
$( + "1 B+' 83': p,VK Gz wR VI EQ^EU wRX EOz MIK TI KGK { VIU z IwK hIK Sz -
TIKU.
$'3 "': vNJ SZ Pz HKE VJ hSzTJ EMKOz VZO z MK OJ V{O EHE L{O.
& 3 "- ): ?wK Mx OVSZ TJ TVJO wE SE HZ Hz IMI^ OZO VZO EHE L{O MEK XwJ -
SI TK {O, TVKU RwR^IU MD wRKRU I^ OEK wI SKT T\ VI SR EwR VI NI TPE VK M\U.
GH$ - ): @ GE wD OJ HKE VJO Ew\ MVJ TJ MEK ORyS HK RX MI WE NE^ RX, \wZU VE
IS HR TVD TK E MEK R PJ hE OR NR HK M\U IQR wNK TP\U.
G3 G ' 4/J*: vRK \ VJ VE aZzU PI MSK Vz SK R VR I^ GRU MEK VJO wR T\ VJ VE VZO
XNK M{O EHE L{O wRX ME Vx hIK MD wRKRU.
G +1 " ': sR wRT\ VRX V\ MRX HKE MDLI 100 ?XS{ (nR PK TPE VK MxU qR OD GIU
(n.q.)) wRX ME VE Lx VR OVEK z GE OI^ aR OVEK HKE xOE xVRU.
G 8 ( % +3 *: ]VRPR VR RwR^R TX TVz OIK P^E IwK hI^ SJ TJ PI VJO wSRT GR -
M^ E MxS GRXU.
G 8' (J ): pK MR OR PK Mz IO^ ThX TJ, J RwR^E wE Sx hI VEK TX hOD Ew\ VJO MX -
FxS OJ TJ, IwK GK { MR OVEU OE IOK Thy TIK VJO wE SE HZ Hz TX HMI MSK Px OZO wSR Y \ -
OVZO.
4J + ): @ wR T\ VJ VE IO\U TX HMI MSK Px ORX EHE LRy z P^EU XwJ SI T^ EU, VJO
RwR^E RK ME VE OE NZ VxU IwK LX PRyO MEK PwR SRyO OE EHR SD TRXO HKE MDLI Iw^ wI -
GR VK PzU TI P^E hSR OK Mz wI S^ R GR.
)' #' )%1*: pK MR OR PK Mz xM LI TJ wRX TX OR b^ aIK VE wI SK RX TK E MD TVRK hI^E,
VKU XwR hSI { TIKU MEK VJO ME LE Sz LxTJ P^EU IVEK SI^ EU.
' "+J +* ;+' % "J* G 8 (J ) /*: uOE DVRPR wRX ME Vx hIK MEK NIK VRXS -
HI^ P^E IwK hI^ SJ TJ.
: ! (H* & / H*: @ GK E WR SD PI VE Qy VJU EQ^EU VZO IQE HZ H{O MEK VZO
IK TE HZ H{O P^EU h{ SEU.
: $' +' %3 : @ IK TE HZ Hz IO\U OI R VI SK TPRy TVJO wE SE HZ Hz z TVJ GK E OR -
Pz VZO EHE L{O z VZO XwJ SI TK {O.
: + $ #/ ): @ TX OR NK Mz GE wD OJ HKE VJO EHRSD EHE L{O. ?w^ TJU, J hSJ -
TK PR wR^ J TJ IO\U EHE LRy z P^EU XwJ SI T^ EU.
: + $ #/ +J*: p hSz TVJU VZO EHE L{O z VZO XwJ SI TK {O.
: , # ': p,VK Gz wR VI GJ PK RXS HI^ VEK HKE VJO wE SE HZ Hz EHE L{O MEK XwJ -
SI TK {O.
7
F L B B ; B
:'$J A +' 8J: p MD VR h\U VJU xhIK VR GK ME^ Z PE OE PRK SD aI VEK VE MxSGJ
VJU IVEK SI^ EU, OE xhIK EwE^ VJ TJ TVE TVRK hI^E VRX IOIS HJ VK MRy MEK OE I^ OEK KGK -
R MVz VJU Px SRXU VJU k.?.
:1 )+'* - " (3 *: sE EHELD MEK RK XwJ SI T^ IU wRX wSx wIK OE LX TK E TLRyO
wSR MIK Px ORX OE wE SE hLI^ P^E PR OD GE IO\U DN NRX EHE LRy.
AH ( )%: sR VPzPE VZO IVEK SK M{O MIS G{O wRX GK E Ox PI VEK TVRXU PI V\ hRXU
VJU k.?.
A + # + E&' (:1 )+'*): pK GE wD OIU wRX PI VE FDN NR OVEK EOD NR HE PI
VRO \HMR VJU wE SE HZ HzU.
A +' 8J: s^V NRU wRX EOVK wSR TZ wIy IK Px SRU VJU KGK R MVJ T^ EU TI P^E kO{ OX -
PJ ?VEK SI^E.
A $ % !H $+ :H(: jE LE SD MxSGJ wRX GIO GK E Ox PR OVEK TVRXU PI -
V\ hRXU MEK IwE OI wIO Gy R OVEK TVJO IVEK SI^E.
A )!'3: kPRKFz HKE VJO wE SR hz IS HE T^ EU HKE xOE RSK TPx OR hSR OK M\ GK D -
TVJ PE.
A' $' GK # ': kHRSD \wRX XwDS hIK P\ ORO xOEU wZ NJ VzU IO\U wSR Y \ OVRU.
>' % )% + "J F' # + "J: ry OR NR Px VSZO PI VE RwR^E VR MSD VRU, PxTZ VJU
MI OVSK MzU VSD wI aEU, SXL P^ aIK VJO wR T\ VJ VE hSz PE VRU wRX MX MNR WR SI^, VKU
wK TV{ TIKU MEK VE IwK V\ MK E.
@ "' $' %3 : @ PI Nx VJ VRX VS\ wRX PI VRO RwR^R RK DO LSZ wRK ME VE Ox PRXO
VRXU wI SK R SK TPx ORXU w\ SRXU HKE VJO KME OR wR^ J TJ VZO EOE HM{O MEK VZO IwK -
LX PK {O VRXU.
@ "' $' %3 +* ;' (*: uOE RK MR OR PK M\ Ty TVJ PE, TVR RwR^R J EN NJ NI w^ -
GSE TJ VJU wSR TWR SDU MEK VJU az VJ TJU ME LR S^ aIK VRO VS\wR PI VRO RwR^R wE -
SD HR OVEK MEK GK E Ox PR OVEK VE EHELD MEK RK XwJ SI T^ IU.
@ "' $' % "'3 :I "#': vI SK R GK MxU GK E MX PDO TIKU TVJO RK MR OR P^ E wRX hE SE -
MVJ S^ aR OVEK Ew\ IOEN NE HxU EO\ GRX MEK yWI TJU.
@ "' $' % "1 BI )+ %: vI SK HSD WIK VRO VS\wR PI VRO RwR^R J RK MR OR P^ E wE -
SD HIK MEK GK E Ox PIK EHELD MEK XwJ SI T^ IU.
@ "' $' % "'3 3 "+*: rVE VK TVK MxU PI VSz TIKU VJU ME VDTVETJU P^EU RK MR OR -
P^ EU.
@%1 #' ': s^V NRU wRX EOVK wSR TZ wIy IK xOE PE MSR wS\ LI TPR MSE VK M\ z
IVEK SK M\ GE OIK TP\.
F ( / J: @ GK E GK ME T^ E PI VE VSR wzU w\ SZO TI EHELD z XwJ SI T^ IU.
F ( / "1 + +: sR wE SE H\ PI OR wSR Y \O EOD PR OD GE wE SE HZ HK MRy TX -
OVI NI TVz wRX hSJ TK PR wRK z LJ MI HKE VJO wE SE HZ Hz VRX, TX Oz LZU VJU IS HE T^ -
EU.
F # +*: p EHR SE TVzU VZO EHE L{O z VZO XwJ SI TK {O.
8
( H * K ( * + ) D @ F * ? C F ) F @ B ( G B
F ( ' ( )%H $ - !I $: sR hE SE MVJ SK TVK M\ wRX wSR TVE VIy IK VRXU PI V\ -
hRXU Ew\ VR OE I^ OEK Xw\ hSI RK HKE VE hSxJ VJU IwKhI^SJTzU VRXU PI VJO wSR -
TZ wK Mz VRXU wI SK RX T^ E.
F ( '- )3 : @ TX OR NK Mz EQ^E \TZO ME Vx hIK MD wRKRU (MK OJ VD MEK EM^ OJ VE).
F# !/ ( )%1*: CEK O\ PI OR VJU HI OK MzU Ey QJ TJU VZO VK P{O.
F' )' )+1 ;$( 3 *: vR TR TV\ VRX IS HE VK MRy GX OE PK MRy wRX GIO FS^ TMIK
EwE Th\ NJ TJ.
F(' $' % 'I 8'* A +' 8J: s^V NRU wRX EOVK wSR TZ wIy IK KGK R MVJ T^ E TI P^E
kO{ OX PJ ?VEK SI^E. kO P^E kO{ OX PJ ?VEK SI^E IwS\ MIK VR OE wD bIK OE NIK VRXS -
HI^, R MD VR hRU VZO wSR OR PK Ry hZO PI VR h{O LE INDP FE OI VR PI S^ GK\ VRX, wSKO
Ew\ VRO KGK R MVz VJ MRK O{O PI VR h{O.
F(' ),' (: @ wR T\ VJ VE IO\U EHE LRy z XwJ SI T^ EU wRX I^ OEK wS\ LX PRK OE
wZ Nz TRXO RK wE SE HZ HR^ HKE MDLI Iw^ wI GR VK PzU TI P^E GI GR Px OJ hSR OK Mz wI -
S^ R GR.
F(' )/ G "J + (3: q^E IwK hI^ SJ TJ J RwR^E EOz MIK TI GyR z wI SKT T\ VI -
SE DVRPE MEK TVJ S^ aI VEK TVJ WX TK Mz ROV\ VJ VE VZO IVE^ SZO.
F(' 0 G' #' )%1*: rhI GK E TP\U EwR VE P^IXTJU z GE wD OJU IK TR Gz PE VRU.
uOEU wSR [ wR NR HK TP\U I^ OEK KTR TMI NK TPx ORU \VEO RK GE wD OIU PEa^ PI VKU EwR -
VE PK Iy TIKU I^ OEK ^TIU PI VR IK T\ GJ PE.
F(' K ! ) F(' . 1 $+/$ (%( " +$"): kWRSD TVKU IwK hIK SJ PE VK MxU GSE -
TVJ SK \ VJ VIU wRX PI TR NE FRyO PI VE Qy VJU wE SE HZ HzU MEK VJU ME VE OD NZ TJU
(wI SK NEP FD OIK VJO EHRSD, VE QK O\ PJ TJ, TX TMIX E T^ E, EwR Lz MIX TJ MEK hSJ PE -
VR G\ VJ TJ).
B+ ! ( E&' (:1 )+'*): >E wD OIU wRX wE SE Px ORXO TVE LI SxU EOI QDS VJ -
VE Ew\ VR ybRU VJU wE SE HZ HzU wRX wSEH PE VR wRK I^ P^E IwK hI^ SJ TJ.
B+ )+ "J F3 )+: qE MSR wS\ LI TPRU GE OIK TP\U wRX hSJ TK PR wRK I^ VEK HKE
VJ hSJ PE VR G\ VJ TJ ME VRK MK {O.
B- $+ # )+H* F ( / J*: CX TK MR^, EO LS{ wK ORK, MI WE NEK E MR^ w\ SRK wRX
hSJ TK PR wRK Ry OVEK TVJO wE SE HZ Hz EHE L{O MEK XwJ SI TK {O (xGE WRU, IS HE T^ E,
MI WD NEK R).
C%J )'( (' G3 *: @ VKPz TVJO RwR^E J wR T\ VJ VE VZO EHE L{O MEK VZO XwJ -
SI TK {O wRX wE SD HR OVEK MEK wSR TWx SR OVEK I^ OEK ^TJ PI VJO wR T\ VJ VE VZO
EHE L{O wRX aJ VRyO OE EHR SD TRXO RK EHR SE TVxU.
C1 "'*: kPRKFz VRX GE OIK R G\ VJ HKE VJ hSzTJ VZO hSJ PD VZO VRX Ew\ MD -
wRKRO DN NRO, HKE xOE TX HMI MSK Px OR hSR OK M\ GK D TVJ PE.
7#" ;!: pK MR OR PK MD EHELD wRX xhRXO XNKMz Xw\ TVE TJ.
7G ( )3 *: ][NE RK MR OR PK MD EHELD, w.h. XwJ SI T^ IU VZO GK MJ H\ SZO, VZO
HKE VS{O, VZO JLR wRK {O MNw.
9
F L B B ; B
7G' 8( K )*: vRTD wRX RWI^ NRXO RK KGK { VIU z RK IwK hIK Sz TIKU.
M,): q^E wI S^ R GRU RK MR OR PK MzU MDP bJU. rX hOD TX OR GIy I VEK Ew\ Ey QJ -
TJ VJU EOIS H^ EU MEK PI^ Z TJ VJU ME VE OD NZ TJU.
1 ('*: fwR hSI Z VK Mz IK TWR SD TVR MSD VRU Ew\ VRXU wR N^ VIU MEK OR PK MD
wS\ TZ wE (IVEK SI^ IU) PKEU h{ SEU.
L( 1 ( ,: qI VR hxU MEK RPR NR H^ IU.
L(J%: p,VK Gz wR VI I^ OEK HI OK MD EwR GI MV\ HKE VJO Ew\ MVJ TJ EHE L{O MEK
XwJ SI TK {O.
10
( H * K ( * + ) D @ F * ? C F ) F @ B ( G B
;'( +'- : + $ #/ +J
;'( +'- : + $ #/ +J
ATMRyO RK IwK hIK Sz TIKU Iw^ GSE TJ TVRO VS\wR aZzU TEU; rVJO wI S^ wVZ TJ
wRX GIO IS HD aI TVI, wK LE O\ VE VE LE EwE OVz TI VI: c~hK, ME L\ NRXd. kO \PZU
TMI WLI^ VI HKE GXR NI wVD VJO IS{ VJ TJ, LE TX OIK GJ VR wRK z TI VI \VK RK IwK hIK Sz -
TIKU wE^ aRXO wRNy TJ PE OVK M\ S\NR TVJO ME LJ PI SK Oz TEU aZz. pK IwK hIK Sz TIKU
wE Sx hRXO VJO VSRWz wRX VS{VI, VE SRyhE wRX WR SD VI, VJ PRX TK Mz wRX
EMRyVI M.D.
tTV\TR RK xWJ FRK, \wZU ITI^U, IwJ SI D aRXO MEK EX VR^ PI VJ TIKSD VRXU VKU
IwK hIK Sz TIKU. jDLI hS\OR MEK RK IwK hIK Sz TIKU Ew\ VJO wNIXSD VRXU IS HD aR -
OVEK TMNJSD wSR MIK Px ORX OE wE SD HRXO VE wSR Y \ OVE MEK VKU XwJ SI T^ IU wRX LE
EHR SD TI VI ITI^U.
@ wE SE MD VZ GSE TVJ SK \ VJ VE LE TEU FR J Lz TIK OE ME VE OR z TI VI VJ TJ PE T^ -
E VZO IwK hIK Sz TI ZO HKE ITDU MEK VJO RK MR Hx OIKD TEU.
?S HE TVI^ VI PI VE PxNJ VJU RPD GEU TEU HKE OE EwE OVz TI VI TVKU
EM\ NRX LIU ISZ Vz TIKU. jE VE HSDb VI \TE wI SKT T\ VI SE EHELD z XwJ -
SI T^ IU PwR SI^ VI.
11
F L B B ; B
1. jE VE HSDb VI wx OVI EHE-
LD z XwJ SI T^ IU, wRX LE EHR SD aE VI
EO GK E Lx VE VI 20 ?XS{.
3. jE VE HSDb VI wx OVI EHELD z XwJ -
SI T^ IU, wRX LE EHR SD aE VI EO GK E Lx VE -
VI 1.000 ?XS{ z wI SKT T\ VI SE.
2. jE VE HSDb VI wx OVI EHELD z
XwJ SI T^ IU, wRX EH\ SE TI VRO wSR J -
HRy PI OR PzOE J RK MR Hx OIKD TEU MEK
VJU zVEO EwE SE^ VJ VE.
4. jE VE HSDb VI wx OVI EHELD z
XwJ SI T^ IU, hZ S^U VE RwR^E GIO LE
PwR SRy TE VI OE az TI VI.
;$+ / $ )%1*
;$+ / $ )%1* - C B %3 $ B*;
jEVD VJ GI ME I V^ E VRX 1950, xOE
aIX HD SK wD OK OE wE wRy VTKE EwR VI NRy -
TEO P^E WLJOz NyTJ HKE VKU GSE TVJ SK -
\ VJ VIU VZO wEK GK {O. pK xWJ FRK ZTV\TR
GIO VE hSJ TK PR wRK Ry TEO wESD P\OR HKE
OE wE^ QRXO PwD TMIV z HKE MD wRKR DNNR
DLNJPE.
rVKU Px SIU PEU RK (%..+52, "12.,
A-1-*8 z RK GK D WR SRK DN NRK) ME VE TMIX -
E TVxU ELNJ VK M{O wE wRX VTK{O QR GIy RXO IME VRP Py SK E ?XS{ z GR ND SK E GK E WJ -
P^ aR OVEU MEK FIN VK { OR OVEU VE wE wRy VTKE, VE RwR^E EwIX Ly ORXO TI ELNJ VxU
xWJ FRXU MEK IOz NK MIU. sE wE wRy VTKE PI EI S\ TR NIU, z PI EI SE HZ HRyU MNw.
EOVE HZ O^ aR OVEK HKE OE VE EHR SD TI VI.
v\TR TX hOD WR SD VI ELNJ VK MD wE wRy VTKE TVR ThR NI^R MEVD VJ GK DS MIK E
P^EU IFGR PD GEU;
vRKEU IVEK SI^ EU wE wRy VTKE wSR VK PD VI; eKE wRKR N\HR;
vRKR I^ GRU wE wRX VTK{O wSR VK PD VI;
vSR VK PD VI OE VE WR SD VI IQEK V^ EU VJU IP WD OK TJU MEK VJU DOI TzU VRXU z wK -
TVIy I VI \VK TEU MD ORXO ME Ny VI SR ELNJVz;
pK ?X SZ wE^ RK Q\ GI bEO GK TI ME VRP Py SK E ?XS{ HKE ELNJ VK MD wE wRy VTKE VR
2001. p EOVE HZ OK TP\U HKE VE hSz PE VD TEU I^ OEK xOVR ORU.
vRKIU TVSE VJ HK MxU hSJ TK PR wRK RyO RK ("12., %..+52 M.D.) IVEK SI^ IU wSR MIK -
Px ORX OE EOVE HZ OK TVRyO HKE VE hSz PE VD TEU;
?wZ WI NI^ TLI ITI^U Ew\ EXV\ VRO EOVE HZ OK TP\; qI wRKR VS\wR z HKEV^ \hK;
vRKIU DN NIU IwK hIK Sz TIKU EOVE HZ O^ aR OVEK HKE VE hSz PE VE VZO IWz FZO;
vRKIU TVSE VJ HK MxU hSJ TK PR wRK RyO wSR MIK Px ORX OE VSE Fz QRXO VJO wSR TR -
hz TEU;
rVE ELNz PE VE R EOVE HZ OK TP\U TX Oz LZU GX TMR NIy IK VR xSHR TEU. pK PE -
LJ VxU wRX Lx NRXO OE wD SRXO DSK TVE TVE HSE wVD GK E HZ O^ TPE VE, EOVE HZ O^ aR -
OVEK PI VE Qy VRXU HKE VR wRKRU LE I^ OEK R ME Ny VI SRU. p EOVE HZ OK TP\U PwR SI^
12
( H * K ( * + ) D @ F * ? C F ) F @ B ( G B
F L B B ; B
13
OE PEU MD OIK wI SKT T\ VI SR GX OE VRyU, IQX wO\ VI SRXU, HSJ HR S\ VI SRXU MEK wI -
SKT T\ VI SR GJ PK RXS HK MRyU. pK IVEK SI^ IU ME VE TMIX zU wE wRX VTK{O EOVE HZ O^ aR -
OVEK PI VE Qy VRXU HKE VR wRKE LE I^ OEK J ME Ny VI SJ; sK I^ OEK EXV\ wRX LE PwR -
SRy TI OE MD OIK P^E IVEK SI^E ME Ny VI SJ Ew\ MD wRKE DNNJ;
@ wRK \ VJ VE VZO XNK M{O MEK VJU IS HE T^ EU wRX hSJ TK PR wRK I^.
sR TVXN wRX hSJ TK PR wRK I^.
p VS\ wRU PI VRO RwR^R EOVK NEP FD OI VEK VKU EOD HMIU VZO wI NE V{O VJU.
pK VK PxU VKU RwR^IU hSI { OIK.
# EOVE HZ OK TP\U MD OIK VKU IVEK SI^ IU OE xhRXO PI HE Ny VI SR IO GK E Wx SRO HKE
EXV\ wRX ITI^U IwK LX PI^ VI OE EHR SD TI VI; |E SE MVJ S^ aIK VE wSR Y \ OVE wRX
ITI^U EHR SD aI VI ZU ME Ny VI SIU EHR SxU; sK OR P^ aI VI;
? " $K $+* %3 G 83 ( )
? " $K $+* %3 G 83 ( )
* " .
rX PwNJ S{ TVI VE MIOD TI MDLI VPzPE PI wE SE GI^H PE VE
wRX VEK SKD aRXO TI \,VK LE hSIK E a\ TE TVEO wSR MIK Px ORX OE
QI MK Oz TI VI P^E IwK hI^ SJ TJ PwK TM\ VZO. eKE wE SD GIKH PE TJ -
PIK { TVI cWRyS ORUd MDVZ Ew\ VRO V^VNR w\ SRK.
14
( H * K ( * + ) D @ F * ? C F ) F @ B ( G B
G/ -K/ E-/ 7. 4) -
:@ -9 5- 1/ 36M3
)K? 4@) /+L).
J768 +/ 6 7@ 8:-
:6< 2( E/ 8:63
:7@) -@+. K- 2) -
:O3 :.9 -K/E-@-
7.8N9 8)9.
J768 +/ 6 7@ 8:-
:6< 2( E/ 8:63 KL -
3:- )3 07O K6<9,
<2/1( N <K. 7- -
8@ -9 K6< 0)
E7-/ ) 8:-@ :- K76 -
1-/ 4L 36< 3) 2-/ -
:6<7 ,N 8- :- :.3
-K/ E-@ 7. 8N 8)9.
J768 +/ 6 7@ 8:-
:6< 2( E/ 8:63
:7-/9 8:? E6<9,
:6<9 6K6@ 6<9 0)
K7L K-/ 3) /1) 36 -
K6/ N 8-:- );6M
0) LE-:- K) 7( -
,-/ :) K76 = ? 3:)
8)9 K7/3 )1?4.
:) ),6 7( 86<3 6/
K- 2( :-9 8)9.
G/ K- 2( :-9 8)9
)3:)2 2(8 86<3
:) E7N 4) :( :6<9
,/) :.3 )K? 1:. -
8. :>3 K76 = ? -
3:>3 8)9.
I) E7N 4) :)
K6< 8)9 )K6 4L -
36<3 4-:( :.3
K2. 7> 4N :>3
+/) ;? 7>3 -5? -
+>3 8)9.
;
;6@;
;>C;< <; 6
F@ D =BH
FD < B D>
: @B
F@ @
G 8 ( % +3 *
G 8 ( % +3 *
>IO xhRXO wI SD TIK wRNND hS\ OKE Ew\ V\VI wRX RK XwR NR HK TVxU zVEO VI SD -
TVK IU JNI MVSR OK MxU PJ hE OxU MEK hSJ TK PR wRK Ry OVEO Ew\ VRXU IwK TVz PR OIU,
VRXU PJ hE OK MRyU MEK VKU PI HD NIU IwK hIK Sz TIKU HKE OE EwR LJ MIy RXO wNJ SR WR -
S^ IU z OE wSEH PE VR wRK RyO wR Ny wNR MRXU XwR NR HK TPRyU. rz PI SE, IME VRP Py -
SK E EO LS{ wZO hSJ TK PR wRK RyO wSR TZ wK MRyU XwR NR HK TVxU, V\TR PK MSRyU wRX
hZ SD OI TI xOE hES VR Wy NE ME.
rVJ GI ME I V^ E VRX 1970 R &9.;.4 J5+8 hSJ TK PR wR^ J TI VE hSz PE VE Ew\ VJO
w{ NJ TJ VRX wE NKRy VRX EX VR MK Oz VRX HKE OE ME VE TMIX D TIK VRO wS{VR XwR NR -
HK TVz A663.. ?^hI VJO DwRbJ \VK RK DO LSZ wRK LE EH\ SE aEO XwR NR HK TVxU EO
zVEO Iy MR NRK TVJ hSzTJ VRXU MEK J VKPz VRXU VR Iwx VSI wI. p J5+8 I^hI G^ MKR
MEK J FK R PJ hE O^ E wSR TZ wK M{O XwR NR HK TV{O I^hI HIO OJ LI^.
p B133 G*9.8 I^hI HR J VIX VI^ Ew\ VRXU wS{ VRXU wSR TZ wK MRyU XwR NR HK TVxU.
kwR WD TK TI ZTV\TR \VK VR MNIKG^ HKE VJO IwK VX h^ E VRXU LE zVEO J GK E LI TK P\ -
VJ VE VRX Iy hSJ TVRX NR HK TPK MRy VRXU.
`GSXTI PEa^ PI DN NRXU VR 1975 VJO IVEK SI^E
!1,7585/9 J RwR^E ThI G^ E TI VR FE TK M\ NIK -
VRXS HK M\ Ty TVJ PE VJU IB! MEK VZO XwR NR -
HK TV{O wRX zVEO TXP FE VR^ PI EXVz. @ IVEK -
SI^E xHKOI J PI HE Ny VI SJ IVEK SI^E NR HK TPK -
MRy MEK R B133 G*9.8 R OI \ VI SRU GK TI ME VRP -
PX SK Ry hRU.
p G*9.8 MEK R J5+8 zVEO MEK RK GyR IwK hIK SJ PE V^ IU. p \SRU IwK hIK SJ PE V^ -
EU hSJ TK PR wRK I^ VEK TX hOD HKE OE wI SK HSD bIK \wRKRO NIK VRXS HI^ MEK ME Vx hIK
P^E IwK hI^ SJ TJ. p ENJ LK O\U ZTV\TR IwK hIK SJ PE V^ EU I^ OEK TX Oz LZU EX V\U wRX
IWIX S^ TMIK xOEO MEK ORyS HK R z xOEO ME Ny VI SR VS\wR wE SE HZ HzU z w{ NJ TJU
IO\U wSR Y \ OVRU. ?^ TVI IO GI hR Px OZU zGJ IQRK MIK Z Px ORK PI PI SK MRyU Ew\ VRXU
wKR GK D TJ PRXU IwK hIK SJ PE V^ IU.
+ " 0 & " 02 0 3
#3.
p KGSX VzU VJU IN NJ OK MzU IVEK SI^ EU PwK TM\ VZO vE wE GR wRy NRX VE QK GIy R -
OVEU Ew\ VJO jZO TVE OVK ORy wR NJ EVPR wNR Y M{U HKE VJ qET TE N^ E I^hI VJO KGxE
15
F L B B ; B
VJU PE aK MzU wE SE HZ HzU PwK TM\ VZO. rVR NK PD OK VRX vIK SEKD, \wRX VR wNR^R
TVE PD VJ TI HKE EOI WR GK E TP\, EOE MD NX bI \VK V\VI TVJO IN NJ OK Mz EHRSD GIO
XwzS hEO PwK TM\ VE HKEV^ TVE wI S^ wVI SE MEK TVE ME WI OI^ E VRX NK PE OKRy zVEO
DHOZ TVR VR wSR Y \O wRX VRXU aJ VRy TI HKE OE TX OR GIy TIK VRO MEWx VRX. sI -
NK MD GIO TX Ox hK TI wRVx VR VE Q^ GK IMI^OR MEK DS hK TI VJO wE SE HZ Hz PwK TM\ VZO.
@ RK MR Hx OIK E xbJOI VE wS{VE PwK TM\ VE TVR WRySOR VRX TwK VKRy VJU TVRO jI -
SE PIK M\ MEK VE GK x LI VI hyPE TVJO EHRSD.
! 0 & " 02 1 0 04 0 .
# %*< K75,, KGSX VzU VJU IVEK SI^ EU !,D54*3-8, GIO IWIySI VR TDOVRX KVU
PI PwK WVx MK, ENND EOx wVX QI xOEO MEK ORyS HK R VS\wR w{ NJ TzU VRX TI VI -
SD TVK IU wR T\ VJ VIU.
/ " 0 & " " 1 0 3 1 " .
# H.47< F57- HO{ SK aI \VK PwR SRy TI OE wE SD HIK EwR VI NI TPE VK M\ VI SE wI -
SKT T\ VI SE EX VR M^ OJ VE hSJ TK PR wRK { OVEU P^E HSEPPz TX OES PR N\ HJ TJU.
pK EGIS WR^ K.33500 EOx wVX QEO PI L\ GRXU HKE VJO wE SE HZ Hz VSE HE O{O
OK WD GZO Ew\ TK VD SK MEK ME NE Pw\ MK.
+ " 0 & " 2 3 ".
~wZU R B133 G*9.8 wRX wSR E OE Wx SE PI.
' 0 0 & " 2 0 1.
p kSK TVR Vx NJU tOD TJU, wE T^ HOZ TVRU uN NJ OEU PI HK TVD OEU, QI M^ OJ TI
VJO IwK hIK SJ PE VK Mz VRX TVE GK R GSR P^ E Ew\ wRNy hE PJ ND.
vRN NR^ DO LSZ wRK OR P^ aRXO \VK RK IwK hIK SJ PE V^ IU I^ OEK VX hI SR^. pK wI SKT T\ -
VI SRK Ew\ EX VRyU \PZU I^ OEK GJ PK RXS HK MR^ MEK TMNJSD IS HE a\ PI ORK. mE Lx NE -
VI OE I^ TVI ITI^U xOEU IwK hIK SJ PE V^ EU;
sR OE QI MK Oz TIK MEK OE NIK VRXS Hz TIK MD wRKRU P^E PK MSz IwK hI^ SJ TJ PwR SI^
OE I^ OEK MDVK VR GK E TMI GE TVK M\. mE TEU G{ TIK VJO IX MEK S^ E OE EQK R wRK z TI VI
VJ GJ PK RXS HK M\ VJ VE MEK VJO IOxS HIKD TEU wSR MIK Px ORX OE IwK Vy hI VI VRXU TV\ -
hRXU TEU. kM\PJ ^TZU ME VE Wx SI VI OE PI VE VSx bI VI xOE h\ PwK TEU TI P^E IwK -
VX hJ Px OJ TVE GK R GSR P^ E.
16
( H * K ( * + ) D @ F * ? C F ) F @ B ( G B
(0 3 3 .
rEU ESx TIK OE TXN Nx HI VI MDS VIU wR GR TWEK SK TV{O, OE TVR N^ aI VI VE FEP -
FE MI SD TEU PwNRX aD MKE PI GKD WR SE Thx GKE z OE PE HIK SIy I VI wE SD QI OE
WE HJ VD; kXVD TEU VE IO GK E Wx SR OVE MEK wRNND DNNE EM\PJ LE PwR SRy -
TEO OE EwR VI Nx TRXO VR EOVK MI^ PI OR P^EU IwK hIK Sz TI ZU.
fwDS hIK ^TZU MD wRKE EOD HMJ TVJ HIK VR OKD TEU; fwDS hRXO DSEHI PK MSD
wEK GKD wRX hSIK D aR OVEK WSR OV^ GE VE rEF FE VR My SKE ME z OZS^U VE EwR HIy -
PE VE; mE PwR SRy TE VI OE WSR OV^ aI VI JNK MK Z Px ORXU; v{U LE TEU WEK O\ -
VEO EO FR J LRy TE VI TVRO ME LE SK TP\, VJ TX OVz SJ TJ z VR FD bK PR TwK VK{O
z GK E PI SK TPD VZO; qz wZU RK HI^ VR OxU TEU hSIK D aR OVEK MD wRKRO HKE OE
VRXU wNx OIK VR EX VR M^ OJ VR; } Pz wZU LE TEU IO GK x WI SI OE ME LE S^ aI VI
wE SD LX SE, OE wR V^ aI VI NRX NRy GKE z OE TX TMIX D aI VI G{SE;
uhIVI VE hSz PE VE wRX hSIK D aR OVEK HKE OE QI MK Oz TI VI; v\TE hSz PE VE
hSIK D aI TVI {TVI OE QI MK Oz TI VI P^E EQK \ NR HJ IwK hI^ SJ TJ; rMI WLI^ VI w\TE
hSz PE VE LE hSIK E TVI^ VI wSR MIK Px ORX OE EHR SD TI VI VKU wSR Pz LIK IU MEK
VE IS HE NI^ E wRX TEU hSIK D aR OVEK.
qI wRKRO VS\wR LE wNJ SR WR Sz TI VI VRXU EO LS{ wRXU ThI VK MD PI VJO IwK -
hI^ SJ Tz TEU; q^E Ty TVE TJ Ew\ xOEO KME OR wRK J Px OR wI ND VJ TEU LE I^ OEK
ETWE N{U J ME Ny VI SJ GK E Wz PK TJ, ENND GIO PwR SI^ VI OE FE T^ aI TVI P\OR
TI MDVK Vx VRKR. rMI WLI^ VI OE WVKD QI VI xOE TzPE z xOE GK E WJ PK TVK M\.
oI MK Oz TVI PI MDVK PK MS\ MEK PJO EwR LES Sy OI TVI. kO GK E Lx VI VI MD wRKR wSR Y -
\O z PKE XwJ SI T^ E wRX IwK LX PRyO RK DO LSZ wRK, LE TEU FSRXO IMI^ ORK. kw\ VJO
DNNJ PI SKD, PJO WR FD TLI OE GR MK PD TI VI PKE MEK ORyS HK E KGxE, EO J wS{VJ KGxE
TEU GIO I^hI IwK VX h^ E. pK wKR IwK VX hJ Px ORK IwK hIK SJ PE V^ IU PE LE^ ORXO Ew\ VE
NDLJ VRXU MEK TX OI h^ aRXO VJO wSR TwD LIK E.
17
F L B B ; B
G 8 ( % + "1 B8H '
G 8 ( % + "1 B8H '
rMI WLz ME VI wRVx OE QI MK Oz TI VI VJ GKMz TEU IwK hI^ SJ TJ; qwR SI^ Fx FEKE OE
I^ TE TVI ES MI VD OxRK HKE OE IS HE TVI^ VI TI P^E PI HD NJ IVEK SI^E, ZTV\TR GIO
I^ TLI wRVx wRNy OxRK HKE OE QI MK Oz TI VI P^E IwK hI^ SJ TJ. rMI WLI^ VI xOE EHEL\
z P^E XwJ SI T^ E wRX LE PwR SRy TE VI OE wE Sx hI VI MEK EwE OVz TVI TVKU
EM\ NRX LIU ISZ Vz TIKU. vS\ MIK VEK OE TX OVD QI VI xOE IwK hIK SJ PE VK M\ Thx -
GKR!
vI SK HSDb VI VJO KGxE TEU HKE xOE EHEL\ z P^E XwJ SI T^ E. sK I^ OEK EXV\
wRX VJO MD OIK QI hZ SK TVz;
vRKRU LE IO GK E WIS LI^ OE EHR SD TIK VR EHEL\ z VJO XwJ SI T^ E TEU; eKE wRKR
N\HR; kXV\ I^ OEK VR EHR SE TVK M\ TEU MRKO\.
qI wRKRO VS\wR LE FSI^VI VE hSz PE VE wRX LE hSIK E TVI^ VI wSR MIK Px ORX OE
QI MK Oz TI VI VJO IwK hI^ SJ Tz TEU;
vRKRXU w\ SRXU LE hSIK E TVI^ VI;
qI wRKRO VS\wR LE wNJ SR WR Sz TI VI VRXU wI ND VIU TEU \VK VR EHEL\ z J
XwJ SI T^ E TEU I^ OEK GK E Lx TK PE; mE hSIK E TVI^ VI xOE Thx GKR HKE VJO wSR { LJ TJ
VRX wSR Y \ OVRU TEU; kXV\ I^ OEK VR Thx GKR wSR {LJTJU VRX wSR Y \ OVRU z VJU
XwJ SI T^ EU TEU.
?DO \NE wDOI MEND, LE xhIVI MxSGJ!
18
( H * K ( * + ) D @ F * ? C F ) F @ B ( G B
;$ #- ) :1 )+'-*
;$ #- ) :1 )+'-* %3* F3 +)*
qKE w^ VTE, \wZU EX VxU wRX TX Oz LZU wE SEH HxN OR PI TVR Tw^VK, wE SE -
TMIX D aI VEK Ew\ GKD WR SE TX TVE VK MD wRX VR ME Lx OE Ew\ EXVD -EOI QDS VJ VE
IDO VR VS{VI z \hK- xhIK MD wRKR M\ TVRU. >I^VI w\TR MR TV^ aRXO VE XNKMD, RK
Iw^ wNxRO IwK FE SyO TIKU MEK w{U GK E PRS W{ OI VEK J VKPz w{ NJ TzU VRXU. >{ -
TVI VJO IMV^ PJ Tz TEU ThI VK MD PI VR ME LE S\ MxS GRU VJU IwK hI^ SJ TJU $1==*
G7.,* HKE MDLI PKE w^ VTE wRX wZ NI^ VEK:
;$ #- ) :1 )+'-* %3* F3 +)*
C%J GK#)* 5,88 -(K
F(K +* I#* %
k. kNIySK 0,28
i. >yR Wx VIU VXS^ 0,36
e. >yR Wx VIU aE Pw\O 0,48
>. iRy VX SR - NDGK 0,12
?. qKTz PK MSz OVR PD VE 0,20
rs. qE OK VD SKE 0,40
_. vK wI SKxU 0,04
H. q^E hDS VK OJ TX TMIX E T^ E 0,08
(;-) BI $' #' G(K +/$ -#K$ 1,96 43%
(1,96/4,52)
1. ?S HE T^ E (IS HE VK M\ M\ TVRU) 0,52
2. >K RK MJ VK M\ M\ TVRU 0,84
3. lIK VRXS HK M\U IQR wNK TP\U 0,12
(TX OVz SJ TJ)
4. >K E Wz PK TJ MEK wSR { LJ TJ 0,44
5. ?OR^ MKR / C\ SRK MEK >J PR VK MD VxNJ 0,28
6. kTWD NIK IU 0,08
7. >K D WR SIU GE wD OIU 0,24
(1-7) BI $' #' #' GK$ &1 /$ 2,56 57%
(2,56/4,52)
B7 >@ <@ ?@ D> 4,52 77%
(ry OR NR wS{ VZO XN{O MEK NRK w{O IQ\ GZO) (4,52/5,88)
:; =; @ : @B 1,36 23%
(vI SK L{ SK R MxS GRXU) (1,36/5,88)
19
F L B B ; B
/ ".
~wZU FNx wI VI, RK IwK hIK Sz TIKU xhRXO xOE TZS\ GK E WR SI VK MxU GE wD OIU. @
wK VTE S^ E LE wSx wIK OE wNJ S{ TIK HKE VE XNKMD MEK VRO JNI MVSK TP\, VJO ETWD -
NIKE MEK VRXU WRyS ORXU. qI SK MxU Ew\ EX VxU VKU GE wD OIU ROR PD aR OVEK TVE LI -
SxU GE wD OIU z TVE LI S\ M\ TVRU. ]N NIU ROR PD aR OVEK PI VE FNJ VxU GE wD OIU z
PI VE FNJ V\ M\ TVRU.
pK TVE LI SxU GE wD OIU wE SE Px ORXO RK ^GKIU ME LJ PI SK OD, EOI QDS VJ VE Ew\
VKU w^ VTIU wRX wE SD HIK J IwK hI^ SJ TJ. pK PI VE FNJ VxU GE wD OIU EX QD OR OVEK z
PIK { OR OVEK EOD NR HE PI VRO ESKLP\ VZO wSR Y \ OVZO wRX EXVz wE SD HIK.
vRKIU Ew\ VKU GE wD OIU VJU IwK hI^ SJ TJU $1==* G7.,* I^ OEK TVE LI SxU MEK
wRKIU I^ OEK PI VE FNJ VxU; mE xwSIwI R KGK R MVz VJU VRX ITVK E VR S^ RX OE EOJ TX hI^
EO RK PI VE FNJ VxU VRX GE wD OIU EX QD OR OVEK; eKE wRKR N\HR z HKEV^ \hK;
vRKR I^ OEK VR ME LE S\ MxS GRU VRX ITVK E VR S^ RX $1==* G7.,* Tg EX VzO VJO
DTMJTJ; ?^ OEK PI HD NR z PK MS\ wR TR TV\; kOE aJ Vz TVI VE EOV^ TVRK hE wR TR TVD
TI FK R PJ hE O^ IU VZO MND GZO cVSR W^ PZOd, cwR V{Od, chDS VRXd, cxO GX TJUd MNw.
20
( H * K ( * + ) D @ F * ? C F ) F @ B ( G B
E&- G$ AG#'- 5 "
E&- G$ 9% " ( AG#'- 5 "
+1 - ( 3 0 &" .
@ kLJOD xhIK wRN NRyU W^ NRXU. ~wRVI VRXU xFNIwI, I^hI PEa^ VJU GKD WR SE
wSDH PE VE wRX ME VE TMIy E aI P\OJ VJU HKE VRO ME Lx OE. qI SK MxU WR SxU I^hI
PEa^ VJU VE Xwx SR hE PwK TM\ VE VJU PI ME Sy -
GK MEK TR MR ND VE, IO{ DN NIU WR SxU I^hI VE
FEP FE MI SD PwNRX aD MKE wRX GK E MR TPRy TI
J ^GKE.
p ME Lx OEU xNIHI \VK VE PwNRX aD MKE VJU
kLJ ODU zVEO V\TR hSZ PE VK TVD MEK ETX Oz LK -
TVE wRX LE PwR SRy TI OE H^ OIK wNRy TKE EO
VE wRX NRy TI. @ kLJOD HI NRy TI. c?^ OEK V\TR
IX hD SK TVR OE WVKD hOZ PwNRX aD MKE HKE VRXU
W^ NRXU PRX, ENND GIO LE zLINE OE QR GIyZ
\NR PRX VR hS\OR PI VR OE VE GK E MR TP{. sx -
NRU wD OVZO, wRKRU LE VE EH\ SE aI DN NZ TVId;
~TR wI SKT T\ VI SR VR TMI WV\ VEO, V\TR
wKR wRNy IO GK E Wx SRX TE VJU WEK O\ VEO J KGxE,
Rw\VI DS hK TI OE GK I SIX OD wI SKT T\ VI SR VR
IO GI h\ PI OR OE QI MK Oz TIK P^E IwK hI^ SJ TJ.
vNJ SR WR Sz LJ MI \VK LE PwR SRy TI OE ORK -
MKD TIK xOEO wD HMR TVJO VR wK Mz XwE^ LSKE
EHRSD (w.h. NE Y Mz) xOE OVK VRX wR TRy VZO 400
n.q. VR PzOE.
uOEU hRO GSx PwR SRU TXP W{ OJ TI OE
wRXND TVJO kLJOD FEP FE MI SD PwNRX aD MKE
IQEK SI VK MzU wRK \ VJ VEU HKE 5 n.q. VR ME Lx OE.
rXP W{ OJ TI EM\PJ OE wNJ S{ OI VEK HKE EXVD
30 Px SIU PIVD VJO JPxSE wE SDGRTzU VRXU.
@ kLJOD HO{ SK aI Iw^ TJU \VK LE hSIK E a\ VEO OE EHR SD TIK Iw^ wNxRO MEN NK -
VI hOK M\ IQR wNK TP\, P^E FE N^ VTE Iw^ GIK QzU VRXU, xOE MRXV^ HKE VE PI VSJ VD VJU
MEK PI SK MxU MSI PD TVSIU SRy hZO. ~NE EXVD LE TVR^ hK aEO wI S^ wRX 1.000 n.q.
21
F L B B ; B
@ kLJOD EwIX LyO LJ MI TI GK D WR SIU VSD wI aIU wSR MIK Px ORX OE wNJ SR WR -
SJ LI^ ThI VK MD PI xOE GD OIKR, \PZU GIO GK x LI VI IwK hIK SJ PE VK Mz IPwIK S^E MEK RK
VSD wI aIU GIO TXP W{ OJ TEO OE VJU GE OI^ TRXO VE hSz PE VE wRX hSIK D aR VEO.
uhR OVEU EwRS SK WLI^ Ew\ VKU VSD wI aIU J kLJOD zVEO TVI OE hZ SJ Px OJ.
}VEO ZTV\TR \NR MEK wI SKT T\ VI SR EwR WE TK TPx OJ OE QI MK Oz TIK P^E IwK hI^ SJ -
TJ. ubEQI TVKU EwR VE PK Iy TIKU VJU HKE OE FSIK VE hSz PE VE wRX hSIK E a\ VEO
HKE OE ORK MKD TIK xOEO wD HMR TVJO NE Y Mz EHRSD ...
+1 - / 0 1 " .
qKE PxSE J kLJOD TX aJ VRy TI ThI VK MD PI VJO IwK VX h^ E VJU PI VJO IQE GxS -
WJ VJU VJ _Zz. c>IO wSR NE FE^ OZ OE ME VE TMIX D aZ VE FEP FE MI SD PRX PwNRX -
aD MKE. qE MD SK OE I^hE ES MI VD hSz PE VE OE ORK MKD TZ xOE ME VD TVJ PE TVJO
w\NJ. ?^ PEK T^ HRX SJ \VK LE PwR SRy TE OE PDLZ MEK TI DN NRXU w{U OE GK E MR -
TPRyO VE PwNRX aD MKE MEK xVTK LE PwR SRy TE OE wRX NDZ wI SKT T\ VI SEd.
cjEK OE xhIKU wI SKT T\ VI SR MxS GRUd, EwD OVJ TI J _Zz. rMx WVJ MI HKE xOE
NI wV\ MEK PIVD wS\ TLI TI: cuhZ EwR VE PK Iy TIK PI SK MD hSz PE VE. v{U LE TRX
WEK O\ VEO EO VE hSJ TK PR wRK Ry TE PI PEa^ HKE OE ORK MKD TRXPI xOE PK MS\ ME VD -
TVJ PE; mE PwR SRy TE PI OE I^ PE TVI TX Ox VEK SRK. ox SIKU VK IO OR{, OE GRX NIy -
RPI PEa^ MEK OE PRK SD aR PI VE MxSGJd.
cvRNy ZSE^E KGxEd, TXP W{ OJ TI J kLJOD, cMEK EO J IwK hI^ SJ TJ TXOI h^ TIK
OE wJ HE^ OIK MEND, ^TZU LE PwR Sx TR PI OE wSR TND FR PI xOE z GyR DVRPE HKE
OE PEU FR J Lz TRXOd.
nR^ MKE TEO xOE PK MS\ ME VD TVJ PE TVJO w\NJ MEK J IwK hI^ SJ TJ I^hI EwSRT -
G\ MJ VJ IwK VX h^ E. @ kLJOD MEK J _Zz wSR Tx NE FEO FR J LRyU MEK VRXU xPE LEO
w{U OE GK E MR TPRyO VE FEP FE MI SD PwNRX aD MKE.
+1 - (4 " .
q^E JPxSE J kLJOD MEK J _Zz TX aJ VRy TEO ThI VK MD PI VJO IwK hI^ SJ Tz VRXU
PI MD wRKRO W^NR VRXU. p eKDO OJU zVEO NR HK TVzU MEK HO{ SK aI ES MI VD wSDH PE VE
ThI VK MD PI VKU IwK hIK Sz TIKU. p eKDO OJU IQz HJ TI: cpK IwK hIK SJ PE V^ IU TX TVz ORXO
EVR PK MxU IwK hIK Sz TIKU HKEV^ VRXU ESx TIK J KGxE OE I^ OEK KGK R MVz VIU VJU GK MzU
VRXU IwK hI^ SJ TJU. ~NIU RK EwR WD TIKU ThI VK MD PI VJO IwK hI^ SJ TJ I^ OEK GK MxU
VRXU MEK EO J NIK VRXS H^ E VJU IwK hI^ SJ TJU I^ OEK IwK VX hzU, RK KGK R MVz VIU VJU EVR -
22
( H * K ( * + ) D @ F * ? C F ) F @ B ( G B
PK MzU IwK hI^ SJ TJU MES w{ OR OVEK \NE VE MxSGJd.
p eKDO OJU I^wI: crz PI SE, J IwK hI^ SJ Tz TEU I^ OEK PKE wSR TZ wK Mz IVEK SI^E.
pK wSR TZ wK MxU IVEK SI^ IU xhRXO PIK R OI MVz PE VE \wZU MEK RK EVR PK MxU IwK hIK Sz -
TIKU. kO zPRXO TVJ LxTJ TEU, LE IQx VE aE VR IO GI h\ PI OR OE TX TVz TZ P^E
kO{ OX PJ ?VEK SI^E. ix FEKE, LE wSx wIK OE PK Nz TI VI PI MD wRKR GK MJ H\ SR ThI VK -
MD, ENND XwDS hRXO TJ PE OVK MR^ N\ HRK OE IM G{ TI VI MEK OE wRX Nz TI VI PI VR hxU.
jEK RK GXR TEU VE QK GIy I VI TI GKD WR SE PxSJ. mE xFEaE TVR^ hJ PE \VK VE Thx -
GKE TVE PwNRX aD MKE TEU LE wRX NRy TEO TI \NJ VJO ?N ND GEd!
crKHD-TKHDd, VRO GK x MR bI J _Zz. ckU VR wD SR PI Ew\ VJO EShz. eKEV^ GIO QI -
MK ODU Nx HR OVDU PEU VK EMSK F{U IO OR I^U PI VJO xM GR TJ MEK VJO w{ NJ TJ PI VR -
h{Od;
p eKDO OJU TX Ox hK TI: cq^E kO{ OX PJ ?VEK SI^E I^ OEK wI SKT T\ VI SR wI S^ wNR MJ
Ew\ \,VK P^E EVR PK Mz IwK hI^ SJ TJ z PKE wSR TZ wK Mz IVEK SI^E. sR MI WD NEK \ VJU
GK EK SI^ VEK TI ^TE PI S^ GK E VE RwR^E ROR PD aR OVEK PI VR hxU. pK Px VR hRK IwIO Gy -
RXO TI P^E IVEK SI^E PI EOVDN NEH PE VJ TXP PI VR hz VRXU TVE MxSGJ VJU. qI SK -
MxU IVEK SI^ IU xhRXO hK NKD GIU PI V\ hRXU, ENND RK kO{ OX PIU ?VEK SI^ IU PwR SI^
OE I^ OEK MEK PK MSxU. pK kO{ OX PIU ?VEK SI^ IU I^ OEK wI SKT T\ VI SR GE wE OJ SxU HKE
VJO RS HD OZ Tz VRXU MEK wNJ S{ ORXO wI SKT T\ VI SRXU W\ SRXU Ew\ \,VK DN NIU IwK -
hIK Sz TIKU, \PZU xhRXO PI SK MD wNI R OI MVz PE VEd.
p eKDO OJU VE ME VR O\ PE TI:
2 pK IwIO GX VxU TVKU kO{ OX PIU ?VEK SI^ IU xhRXO 0 1 2 . sE
hSz PE VE, wRX IO GI hR Px OZU OE hD TRXO, wI SK R S^ aR OVEK TVR wRT\ TXP PI -
VR hzU VRXU TVR IVEK SK M\ MI WD NEK R MEK \hK TVJO wSR TZ wK Mz VRXU wI SK RX -
T^ E. p M^O GX ORU NIK VRXS H^ EU VJU IwK hI^SJTJU PRK SD aI VEK PI VE Qy VZO PI -
V\ hZO.
2 pK IVEK SI^ IU xhRXO EwI SK \ SK TVJ GK DS MIK E aZzU. ~VEO RK KGK R MVz VIU VZO
PI VR h{O wI LD ORXO, RK PI VR hxU VRXU MNJ SR OR PRy OVEK (Ew\ VRXU MNJ SR O\ -
PRXU VRXU). rVR PI VE Qy, RK GK IX LX OVxU VJU IVEK SI^ EU I^ OEK INIy LI SRK OE
GK IX Ly ORXO VJO IwK hI^ SJ TJ ZU TX Oz LZU.
2 @ wI SK R SK TPx OJ IX Ly OJ MEK J EwI SK \ SK TVJ GK DS MIK E aZzU G^ ORXO VJO IX -
MEK S^ E TI wRN NRyU OE IwIO Gy TRXO TI kO{ OX PIU ?VEK SI^ IU MEK TVKU ^GKIU
23
F L B B ; B
VKU IVEK SI^ IU OE EwR MVz TRXO PI HD NE hSJ PE VK MD wRTD.
@ kLJOD MEK J _Zz TMx WVJ MEO VJ TXP FRX Nz VRX eKDOOJ. sK LE xwSIwI
OE MD ORXO MEVD VJ HO{PJ TEU;
kOE aJ Vz TVI Ew\ VRO RK MR OR PK M\ VywR z/MEK VJO ?LOKMz rVE VK TVK Mz fwJ SI T^ E
?N ND GRU Ew\ NX VE MEK ThI VK MD (% Iw^ VRX TX O\ NRX) PI Hx LJ GK D MSK TJU TI EVR PK -
MxU IwK hIK Sz TIKU, wSR TZ wK MxU MEK kO{ OX PIU ?VEK SI^ IU MEK VRO EOV^ TVRK hR cMy -
MNR IS HE TK {Od.
eKE wRKR N\HR EHR SD aI VI Ew\ RwRKE Gz wR VI EVR PK Mz IwK hI^ SJ TJ; uhIK TJ -
PE T^ E HKE VRXU ME VE OE NZ VxU, IDO P^E IwK hI^ SJ TJ I^ OEK EVR PK Mz, wSR TZ wK Mz
IVEK SI^E z kO{ OX PJ ?VEK SI^E;
24
( H * K ( * + ) D @ F * ? C F ) F @ B ( G B
1. F'' 3 $ ' ' "+J -
+*;
;+' % "J
G 83 ( )
F(' )/ G "H*
+ (3 *
;$K $- %
+ (3
2. F''* G (H 8 + 8(J -
% + +$ H$(&
+/$ ( ) K$;
3. F''* #% $ +* ) -
% $+ "H* G 8 ( % + -
"H* G' , )*;
4. F''* G/ , #3 +
G1 + "H(;
5. F''* 3 $ -GI !- -
$'* $ G 83 ( )
8 ) 8(J % +;
6. F' 3 $ ( "
5/J* %3* G 83()*;
@ ' "+J +*
( ;!$)
@ +3 ('
( ;!$ "
4/J)
@ %H +' 8'
/ 5 +( - ', * %( ). ,,
F(' ),' ( " 4J + )
F(' ),' ( " 4J + )
kO GKE FD aI VI VKU ELNJ VK MxU IK Gz TIKU TVJO IWJ PI S^ GE TEU wK LE O\ VE VE OE
HOZ S^ aI VI \VK wRN NR^ ELNJ VxU (wR GR TWEK SK TVxU, PwE TMI VPwR N^ TVIU M.D.) MIS -
G^ aRXO IME VRP Py SK E ?XS{ MDLI hS\OR. rI wRN NxU wI SK wV{ TIKU MIS G^ aRXO hK -
NKD GIU ?XS{ TI xOE P\OR wEK hO^ GK!
pK ETVx SIU VZO ELNJ PD VZO GIO I^ OEK RK P\ ORK DO LSZ wRK wRX MIS G^ aRXO PI -
HD NE hSJ PE VK MD wRTD. sR 1997 VR wI SK R GK M\ Forbes IMVK PRy TI EOD NR HE VE
MxSGJ RSK TPx OZO GK E TJ PR Vz VZO.
>IO hSIK D aI VEK OE VSE HRX GD, OE hR SIy IK z OE wE^ aIK TVR Lx E VSR MDwRKRU
wSR MIK Px ORX OE MIS G^ aIK P^E wRNy PI HD NJ EPRKFz. pK ThI GK E TVxU MK ORX Px OZO
ThI G^ ZO MIS G^ aRXO IME VRP Py SK E ?XS{ MDLI hS\OR MEK RSK TPx ORK TXH HSE WI^U
MIS G^ aRXO IME VRP Py SK E ?XS{ HKE MDLI FK FN^R wRX HSD WRXO!
?^ OEK G^ MEKR MDVK Vx VRKR; ~NRK EX VR^ RK DO LSZ wRK EQ^ aRXO wSEH PE VK MD V\TE
wRNND hSz PE VE; sK OR P^ aI VI ITI^U;
25
F L B B ; B
pK RK MR OR PR N\ HRK TX Oz LZU GIO TMx WVR -
OVEK EO MD wRKRU EQ^ aIK xOE TX HMI MSK Px OR PK -
TL\ z JPI SR P^ TLK R, ENND PwR SRyO OE IQJ Hz -
TRXO HKEV^ RSK TPx ORK ELNJ VxU z RK ETVx SIU
VRX LI D PE VRU, \wZU HKE wE SD GIKH PE R VI O\ -
SRU :,1*45 $*;*75991 MIS G^ aRXO V\TR XbJ -
NxU EPRK FxU.
pK RK MR OR PR N\ HRK hSJ TK PR wRK RyO VRXU O\ -
PRXU VJU wSR TWR SDU MEK VJU az VJ TJU HKE OE
IQJ Hz TRXO VRXU PK TLRyU, wRX LE PwR SRy TE -
VI OE MIS G^ TI VI ME LE S^ aR OVEU wE SD LX SE,
EOE MX MN{ OR OVEU IWJ PI S^ GIU z WSR OV^ aR OVEU
PZSD ME L{U MEK VKU VK PxU ThI G\O \NZO \TZO
EHR SD aIK J RK MR Hx OIKD TEU - Ew\ xOE EX VR M^ OJ VR Px hSK PKE w^ VTE wRX LE wE SEH -
HI^ NIK.
p O\ PRU VJU az VJ TJU NxIK \VK RK MEVE OE NZ VxU I^ OEK GK E VI LIK Px ORK OE EHR -
SD TRXO PI HE Ny VI SJ wR T\ VJ VE IO\U wSR Y \ OVRU \TR hE PJ N\ VI SJ I^ OEK J VKPz
VRX. pK RK MR OR PR N\ HRK hSJ TK PR wRK RyO P^E HSE WK Mz wE SD TVE TJ HKE OE GI^ QRXO
VJO wR T\ VJ VE IO\U wSR Y \ OVRU, wRX EHR SD aRXO RK ME VE OE NZ VxU, TI GK E WR SI -
VK MxU VK PxU.
sR ThzPE 1 GI^ hOIK P^E ME Pwy NJ azVJTJU HKE wRw-MRSO xOE rDF FE VR FSDGX
26
( H * K ( * + ) D @ F * ? C F ) F @ B ( G B
1
TI xOE TX OJ LK TPx OR MK OJ PE VR HSD WR. >I^ hOIK VRO ESKLP\ VZO TX TMIX E TK {O PI
wRw-MRSO, wRX I^ OEK GK E VI LIK Px ORK OE EHR SD TRXO RK LI E VxU IO\U MK OJ PE VR HSE -
WK MRy xS HRX, TI GK E WR SI VK MxU VK PxU. eKE wE SD GIKH PE TI P^E XbJNz VKPz ITI^U
MEK R W^ NRU TEU PwR SI^ OE EHR SD aE VI xOE TE MRX ND MK MEK OE VR PRK SE a\ TE TVEO.
rI hE PJ Nz VKPz IO GI hR Px OZU OE PJO VR I^ hE VI PRK SE TLI^ z ^TZU OE zTE TVEO
wS\ LX PRK OE EHR SD TI VI MEK GIy VI SR.
p O\ PRU VJU az VJ TJU I^ OEK P\OR VR PKT\ Ew\ VR wEK hO^ GK VZO VK P{O. p O\ PRU
VJU wSR TWR SDU I^ OEK VR DNNR PKT\: lxIK \VK RK wE SE HZ HR^ LE wSR Tx WI SEO wI -
SKT T\ VI SE wSR Y \ OVE HKE EHRSD TI XbJ NxU VK PxU Ew\ \,VK TI hE PJ NxU VK PxU.
(kXVz J KGxE I^ OEK ^TZU GX TO\ J VJ, HKEV^ I^ OEK IX MR N\ VI SR OE TMI WLI^ VI ZU ME -
VE OE NZ VzU. rMI WLI^ VI NRK w\O PI VRO EM\ NRX LR VS\wR: >IO LE zVEO wSR VK P\ VI -
SR OE wRX Nz TI VI 50 FEP FE MI SD PwNRX aD MKE HKE 20 n.q. EOV^ 50 HKE 10 n.q.;).
pK wE SE HZ HR^ IwK LX PRyO OE ME Ny bRXO VR M\ TVRU wE SE HZ HzU (IOR^ MKR, PK TLR^
MEK JPI SR P^ TLK E, XNKMD, wNJ SZ PxU G\ TI ZO TVJO VSD wI aE M.D.) MEK OE xhRXO MEK
MxS GRU. ~TR wI SKT T\ VI SR PwR SRyO OE wRX Nz TRXO TI XbJNz VKPz, V\TR VR ME -
Ny VI SR HKE EX VRyU.
sR ThzPE 2 GI^ hOIK \VK EO R GK IX LX OVzU VRX MK OJ PE VR HSD WRX HO{ SK aI \VK
27
F L B B ; B
2
RK wI ND VIU LE wNz SZ OEO P\OR 0,25 n.q. HKE P^E TX TMIX E T^ E PI wRw-MRSO,
GIO LE Q\ GIXI hS\OR MEK hSzPE GK E Lx VR OVEU wRw-MRSO. kw\ VJO DNNJ PI SKD,
EO HO{ SK aI \VK RK wI ND VIU VRX LE wNz SZ OEO 1,50 n.q. HKE MDLI P^E TX TMIX E -
T^ E, LE zVEO wS\ LX PRU OE wSR TWx SIK HKE w{ NJ TJ wI S^ wRX 180 TX TMIX E T^ IU
PI wRw-MRSO.
pK wE SE HZ HR^ wSR TwE LRyO OE IQK TRS SR wz TRXO VJO wR T\ VJ VE VZO EHE -
L{O z VZO XwJ SI TK {O wRX wE Sx hRXO PI VJO wR T\ VJ VE wRX XwR NR H^ aRXO \VK
LE EHR SD TRXO RK ME VE OE NZ VxU. kXV\ VR MD ORXO PI VR OE hSI { ORXO P^E VKPz,
VJO RwR^E LE wNJ S{ TRXO RK ME VE OE NZ VxU. @ VKPz, TVJO 5wR^E RK ME VE OE NZ VxU
LE EHR SD TRXO \NE VE EHELD wRX LE wSR TWx SRXO RK wE SE HZ HR^, ROR PD aI VEK
3 0" . ~VEO xOEU wE SE HZ H\U wE Sx hIK PI HE Ny VI SJ wR T\ VJ VE Ew\
EX VzO wRX LE EHR SD TRXO RK ME VE OE NZ VxU, XwDS hIK 0 0
MEK xVTK TVRO wE SE HZ H\ PwR SI^ OE xhIK PI^ OIK EGKD LI VJ RSK TPx OJ wR T\ VJ VE.
sR ThzPE 3 TXO GX D aIK VKU ME Pwy NIU wSR TWR SDU MEK az VJ TJU VZO
TXTMIXETK{O wRw-MRSO. >I^ hOIK VJO 3 0" . pK wE SE HZ HR^ GIO MIS -
G^ aRXO V^ wR VE wE SD HR OVEU wI SKT T\ VI SIU Ew\ 150 TX TMIX E T^ IU PI wRw-MRSO.
?DO ThI G^ E aEO OE VE wRX Nz TRXO HKE VKPz XbJ N\ VI SJ VJU 1 n.q. GIO LE I^ hEO
28
( H * K ( * + ) D @ F * ? C F ) F @ B ( G B
3
wRN NRyU EHR SE TVxU.
sx NRU, \wZU ^TZU PwR SI^ VI OE PE OVx bI VI, J wSR TWR SD MEK J az VJ TJ VZO
EHE L{O EN ND aRXO GK ES M{U. sE GKD WR SE TVXN, RK IwR hxU, J VI hOR NR H^ E MEK RK
TXO Lz MIU VJU RK MR OR P^ EU GJ PK RXS HRyO EN NE HxU z GK E MX PDO TIKU TVJO wSR -
TWR SD MEK VJ az VJ TJ, Ew\ VKU RwR^IU wSR My wVRXO MEK ORyS HK IU VK PxU KTRS SR -
w^ EU.
@ wSR TWR SD z R ESKL P\U VZO KGK EK Vx SZU VE NE OVRy hZO ELNJ V{O, VSE HRX -
GK TV{O MEK MZ PK M{O, I^ OEK PK MS\U. @ az VJ Tz VRXU I^ OEK KGK E^ VI SE XbJNz, \wZU
TVE wSR Y \ OVE wRX xhRXO cxN NIK bJd, w.h. RSK TPx ORK w^ OE MIU aZ HSE WK MzU. pK
EHR SE TVxU I^ OEK wS\ LX PRK OE wNJ S{ TRXO XbJNz VKPz HKE TwD OKE EHELD, VE
RwR^E IwK LX PRyO wDSE wRNy O' EwR MVz TRXO.
?TI^U Iw^ TJU, I^ TVI PI SK MxU WR SxU wS\ LX PRK OE wNJ S{ TI VI wI SKT T\ VI SE
hSz PE VE HKE xOE I^ GRU wRX IwK LX PI^ VI wSEH PE VK MD. eKE wE SD GIKH PE, \VEO VR
EHE wJ Px OR TEU TX HMS\ VJ PE FHD aIK xOE MEK ORyS HK R bJ WK E M\ G^ TMR (CD), VSx -
hI VI OE VR EHR SD TI VI \wRKE MEK EO I^ OEK J VKPz VRX. rI PI SK MD hS\ OKE ZTV\TR
R G^ TMRU EX V\U PwR SI^ OE PJO aJ VI^ VEK, EM\PJ MEK EO J VKPz VRX I^ OEK hE PJ Nz.
sE wE SE MD VZ GK E HSDP PE VE TX OR b^ aRXO \,VK TXP FE^ OIK TI GK D WR SIU wI SK -
wV{ TIKU.
29
F L B B ; B
vSR My wVIK XbJNz VKPz,
\VEO aJ VI^ VEK PI HD NJ
wR T\ VJ VE wSR Y \ OVZO -
XwJSITK{O MEK wSR-
TWx SI VEK PK MSz.
vSR My wVIK hE PJ Nz VKPz,
\VEO aJ VI^ VEK PK MSz wR T\ -
VJ VE wSR Y \ OVZO-XwJSI-
TK{O MEK wSR TWx SI VEK PI -
HD NJ.
@ VKPz KTRS SR w^ EU wSR-
My wVIK, \VEO J wSR TWI -
S\ PI OJ wR T\ VJ VE wSR Y -
\ OVZO-XwJSITK{O I^ OEK
^TJ PI VJ aJ VRy PI OJ.
kQK R wRK z TVI VE HKE OE TEU FR J Lz TRXO OE IwK Ny TI VI VE wSR FNz PE VE vSR -
TWR SDU MEK _zVJTJU VJU TI N^ GEU 31.
30
( H * K ( * + ) D @ F * ? C F ) F @ B ( G B
F ( ' # J % +
F(' #J % + F(' ),' (* " 4J+ )*
0 0 04 0 1$ -
1, 0 01 3 3 0 4 0
# 2 1.
1. p wE HI V\U ME Vx TVSI bI VJO wE SE HZ Hz wRS VR ME NK{O EX VzU VJU hSR OKDU
PI EwR Vx NI TPE OE EX QJ LRyO RK VK PxU VRXU. v{U IwJ SI D TLJ MI J wR T\ -
VJ VE wRX aJ VRyO RK ME VE OE NZ VxU;
2. sR ME VD TVJ PE PRX TK MzU ck'lprd I^hI wSR TWR SxU TI bJ WK E MRyU G^ -
TMRXU PRX TK MzU (CD). v{U LE IwK GSD TIK EXV\ TVKU wZ Nz TIKU bJ WK E M{O
G^ TMZO VRX ME VE TVz PE VRU;
3. sE wRX NI SK MD xhRXO PI HD NJ az VJ TJ MEK RK wE SE HZ HR^ GK wNE T^ E TEO VKU
VK PxU VRXU. v{U LE IwJ SI D TIK J Ey QJ TJ VJU VK PzU VZO wRX NI SK M{O VJ
aJ VRy PI OJ wR T\ VJ VE TVJO EHRSD;
0 0 04 0 1$ -
1, 0 01 3 3 0 4 0
0 1 & 0 ".
1. jE L{U VE GKD WR SE HSE WI^E MEK ThR NI^E EHR SD aRXO \NR MEK wI SKT T\ VI -
SR @/f, wRKE Iw^ GSE TJ LE xhIK EXV\ TVRO ESKLP\ VZO ME VE TVJ PD VZO IwK -
TMIX zU HSE WR PJ hE O{O; sK LE TXP FI^ TVJO VKPz VZO XwJ SI TK {O wRX wE -
Sx hRXO;
2. pK ME VE OE NZ VxU PI wI SK FEN NR OVK MxU EOJ TX h^ IU I^ OEK wS\ LX PRK OE wNJ -
S{ TRXO wI SKT T\ VI SE hSz PE VE HKE VJO Ew\ MVJ TJ JNI MVSK M{O EX VR MK Oz -
VZO. vRKE Iw^ GSE TJ LE xhIK EXV\ TVRO ESKLP\ VZO JNI MVSK M{O EX VR MK -
Oz VZO wRX wE SD HR OVEK;
3. pK ME VE OE NZ VxU WE^ OI VEK OE I^ OEK wS\ LX PRK OE wNJ S{ TRXO GK wND TK E
VKPz HKE VE MR V\ wRX NE TI ThxTJ PI VJO wIS TK Oz hSR OKD. v{U LE IwK GSD -
TIK EXV\ TVJO wSR TWI S\ PI OJ wR T\ VJ VE wRX NI SK M{O TVJO EHRSD;
0 0 04 0 1$ -
1 0 01 0 , #3 3.
1. ?^ OEK EShz ME NR MEK SKRy MEK J az VJ TJ VZO PE HK\ I^ OEK EX QJ Px OJ. v{U PI -
VE FDN NI VEK J wSR TWR SD MEK J az VJ TJ VZO PE HK\;
2. v{U PI VE FDN NI VEK J az VJ TJ, J wSR TWR SD MEK J VKPz KTRS SR w^ EU VZO
31
F L B B ; B
|SK TVRX HIO OKD VK MZO TVR NK GK{O VJO IFGR PD GE PIVD VKU HKRS VxU;
3. sE ELNJ VK MD wE wRy VTKE XbJ NzU VI hOR NR H^ EU xhRXO az VJ TJ, ENND RK wE -
SE HZ HR^ xhRXO ME VE TMIX D TIK PI HE Ny VI SIU wR T\ VJ VIU Ew\ EX VxU wRX
I^ OEK GK E VI LIK Px ORK OE EHR SD TRXO RK ME VE OE NZ VxU. v{U LE IwJ SI D TIK
EXV\ VR HI HR O\U VJO VKPz MEK VJO wSR TWR S\ PI OJ wR T\ VJ VE;
4. sE wE OVI N\ OKE PI wRN NxU VTx wIU I^ OEK QEOD TVJ P\GE. v{U LE IwJ SI D -
TIK VR HI HR O\U EXV\ VJO wSR TWR SD MEK VJO VKPz VRXU;
5. >I GR Px ORX \VK VE EXHD xhRXO XbJND Iw^ wI GE hR NJ TVI S\ NJU, RK wE SE -
HZ HR^ PI^ Z TEO VKU VK PxU VRXU wSR MIK Px ORX OE wRX Nz TRXO wI SKT T\ VI SE.
v{U LE PI VE FNJ LI^ J az VJ Tz VRXU;
6. q^E ETLx OIKE ME Vx TVSI bI VR 30% VJU MEN NK xS HIK EU FEP FE MKRy. v{U PI -
VE FDN NI VEK J VKPz VZO FEP FE MI S{O XwR ME P^ TZO MEK w{U J az VJ TJ VZO
TXO LI VK M{O;
7. rI wI SK \ GRXU XbJ NzU EOIS H^ EU PI wRKRO VS\wR LE IwJ SI E TLRyO RK wZ -
Nz TIKU VZO ITVK E VR S^ ZO cHSz HR SRX WE HJ VRyd;
32
( H * K ( * + ) D @ F * ? C F ) F @ B ( G B
0
0
& .
(* ,*E) *) + $0 () ! D #*G (* (*) '. *G (). 5 D'( -
(/ * ' &G 0 * (7 * ! (* ("0 37 *& @7E & C'& . G ( .) C."G -
( .# *) : #).
C&& 0# *& & ' (* !/ !& #/ (*& &D&0& (*& 7F +G $ (;
C&& 0# *& $G#, $; +G $ ( ,*G D'E 7 D" '& +/ ' (, D'& . -
0 * 7' !* ' (* ! *&, D'& - / #*&) G () & # ,$ (* *& D'& - /#;
% G (* *0:
33
, 2 ) ) $ )
C&& 0# *& & ' (* !/ !& #/ (*& &D&0& (*& 7F +G $ (;
C&& 0# *& $G#, $; +G $ ( ,*G D'E 7 D" '& +/ ' (, D'& . -
0 * 7' !* ' (* ! *&, D'& - / #*&) G () & # ,$ (* *& D'& - /#;
% G (* *0:
34

C&& 0# *& & ' (* !/ !& #/ (*& &D&0& (*& 7F +G $ (;
C&& 0# *& $G#, $; +G $ ( ,*G D'E 7 D" '& +/ ' (, D'& . -
0 * 7' !* ' (* ! *&, D'& - / #*&) G () & # ,$ (* *& D'& - /#;
% G (* *0:
35
, 2 ) ) $ )
36

C&& 0# *& & ' (* !/ !& #/ (*& &D&0& (*& 7F +G $ (;
C&& 0# *& $G#, $; +G $ ( ,*G D'E 7 D" '& +/ ' (, D'& . -
0 * 7' !* ' (* ! *&, D'& - / #*&) G () & # ,$ (* *& D'& - /#;
% G (* *0:
, 1 ,0
* )". , 1 ,0 $
: # 0# ,D 'G + # * / 7 ' !& ($ $E # $ ! '
$D"&, 1 ! *). 8& G (* *# : # # (,#* % E# (7E & D'& H ()
D."G ( .# D #*H #*) (*) !/ "&, ) '. *G ():
% +* * $ *
* - +
- *.; 0 * , -
,; " * ;
$ * $ *
, - , # -
, * # #-
- ;
C&& ED' D # 0# *& & ' (* !/ !& #/ *.# + $0 ( H# *); 5
D&& "/&;
@ D&& $E(& ED' D # D'& " *) + $0 () *); A& ' / +. -
#&, *# *" / ' (, *) + $ '0 ), * + $ (* ! +," " G *) +0 -
(); 5 D&& "/&;
$ &,' G ( * E# (F# $ (("/ !#) D'& ! $E #&, # & G ( * *&,)
!* # ". *E) # ,$&F #* * $ ! ' $D"&, 1 ! *) :#). A
(,# G $ * 0# #*, D. ( !E) !+' () D&, D& *, DH #& #* (*& $, -
"/ *.# #'H D.#, /D.) D' $: 3A ,#* ! $D"&, 1 !4,
3@) %0 1 # * D& !*G ( *4, 3:D"H) !#* *&4! > + $ (*E)
D(*F &,# /* ,* * (,# G $ *, # D # " +&F# '! * (,7#, $D& -
'&F# D' $ * # ,%G (&,# *) D."G ().
C&& 0# *& $G#, $ D&, ED' D # D, F # (*&,) !* # ". *E)
: #; :,*&0 D&, +&'&F# * $ ! ' $D"&, 1 ! *) : #) 0#
D'( (/ * '& $& + "0) G (! 1&,# D'( (/ * '&; < ED' D
: # # D'& " " *# ,2 "G D& / * * G * $&# !/ * *; C'E D &
+ $0 () *) # 0# (& 'E) G (*0 ); C' '2 * *& $G#, $ D&,
37
, 2 ) ) $ )
ED' D # D'& " " : #.
(# - . '* * * -
- - - - # - -
, * - . / * - -
! % - + -
+.
,+ *' ,' $ $ ( ). :# E# D'& - /# 0# #E&, $0 D 70 ' (
"G ( +G $ (G *) # D'E 7 ($ #* !G D" '& +& '0 .
$&*$ + & )* # $ ( ). :# & #'. D& E7&,# D&" "E) D "& E)
(*& * & ' (&,#, $0 D 70 ' ( "G ( # D'& " *& "/& *&#
&D&0& *& D'& - /# *) 0# !"F * '&. 5 D' $: ' & '/ * '&, D& +* -
#/, D& # !* !/. @6 ,*E) *) + $0 () $' !E) +&'E) 0# * !/ $ !
$ ( (F!' ( $ "" D'& - / #*.
$ ( ) !,& %! ( )). ;0& ! '/ $* *# DH" ( *&, D'& - / #*&)
$0) D 70' () E# (* $, $D& '0 ,*G # D , $0 +G $ (G *)
# ,D# , $0 ( (*&,) !* # ". *E) !' H) *# D& / * * G *# D& * " ($ -
* !/ * * *&, D'& - / #*&) *).
%)( # $ ( ). ?0 D 70 ' ( $' !E) +&'E) $D& '0 # 7' ( -
$& D& G ( $0 +G $ ( # D'& . G ( (,#& " ! ,*G *# 0 *# D 70 -
' ( ! /7 # D&, "G ( E# (,! !' $E #& D'& - /#. +G $ ( $D& '0
# D'& . 0 *& /#& $ *) * '0 ), *# !/ # G * +G$ *).
38

* ' #/
* ' #/
I*# %&F * * 7'G $ * () ( E# !&$ $ * D0*() ! E# # 2, !* -
!/, 0(.) # $# #. '0 1 * /* $' ! D/ ,* * 7'G $ * D& * "&F# E(& -
& "") D 7 'G () D&, D' &,# *& *,'0, *& "F ' ! *& 7,$/ *&$ -
*). ?E'&) ,*H# *.# 7' $ *.# D& * "&F# E(& & *& !' *&) $ * $&' -
+G *.# +/'.#, #H ""& $E'&) 7' $ *.# 7' ( $& D& &F# *# $& -
G *.# ,D" "G ".# *) D*( '0 ). # 7& $E#.) ,* * 7'G $ * # !* "G -
%&,# ( (D0 *, /D.) *& !/ (), $ D& !" (* !/ (!& D/ # (,# 70 (&,# E#
D'/ $& & *%0 , /*# 7' ( $& D& &F# *# & ' ! #&F' .# 2+ -
!H# 0(!.# $&, ( !G), D'& - / #*.# D/ *& D#*& D. "0 & G D'& $ H# *&
(7& "0 &.
'&G *&, 7'G $ *&) D/ * #& !& !, ' D'&) *) D 7 'G () D& * "0
$/#& $ D/ *) ($ #* !E) (*# &!& #& $0 . ? * &G *&, (,$ &F -
"&, D 7 ' $ * !/ * *) =E.#, (,$D" 'H (* *& D' ! *. '$ $ D'& -
! $E #&, # 0 % * *) (7E () D&, # D*F( (& #* $* %F *.# D 7 'G ( .#
! *.# #& !& !, 'H#.
39
, 2 ) ) $ )
40

) .
:% & D& G (* /,* E7 * $ (7 * ! $ *& >!&#&$!/ 9F!".$, -
H#/,D'(H# ! ' (0 ) (*# &!& #& $0 D'& ! $E #&, # D #*G (*
(*) !/ "&, ) '. *G ():
5 D&& "/& D& * "0 ($ #* !G 0 ( /*# $0 #E * '0 ! 0 -
(* * ( $0 D/" ! !*0 1 E# ! #&F' & '& (* ( & G E# !*G ' &
' +0 .#;
5 D&& "/& /*# !"0 # $0 $ " D 70 ' ( (*# D' & 7G (),
,*/ D& * "0 ($ #* !G 0 (;
5 D&& "/& & D/") #* . #0 1& #* $* %F *&,) *# D/ !* (
($ #* !G) " * !G) &$ );
- " 0 # 0 /
CH) D'&( & '0 1 * & 3!"/)4 D&"0 *); 9"/) D&"0 *) 0# ,*/) D&,
2+0 1 (*) !"& E), D&, D0' # $E'&) (*) *&D !E) !"& !E) !(*' *0 )
G # $ 'H # * * *'E 7& #* & #/ *; > !"&0 D&"0 *) # $ #F & #*
(,7# ( & #/ * DE' D/ *# D&" * !G. ?D& '&F# # ' 1& #* "& #* -
! ( E# !& #& * !/ !E#*'&, G D" # 0# +" !&0 ! , # !&0 $ *&,)
#'H D&,) D&, (,# #*&F# ! $E'. (0) * #H $ E7 *;
> D 7 'G (), D/ *# "" $', # $D& '&F# # 2+0 (&,# G # & -
!G (&,# E# ' +0 &. ?0 D 70 ' ( # $D& '0 !# # ( $0 + $ -
'0 ! ?D& '0 $0 D 70 ' ( # 0# E#) 3!"/) D&"0 *)4; C&) 0# &
,F #) $0) D 70' () (*# !& #. #0 (*# &D&0 " *&,' 0; ?D& '0 $0
D 70 ' ( # 0# 3!"/) D&"0 *)4 # ,D& (* '0 1 *# *&D !G !& #. #0 ""
# (,$D ' +E ' * $ ( ($/ (*&,) D" *) G *&,) ,D" "G "&,) *);
* * *. *
+ - * # - * !.
1. B#) *&D !/) /$ "&) 1G* ( D/ *# * '0 () # 7' $ *& & *G (
E# D'/ '$ $ D'& (* (0 ) D/ *) (,$ $& '0 ) *.# !!& D& H#. D"G -
') 7' $ *& / * ( ,*&F *&, D'& '$ $ *&) $ H ( * !E' *)
* '0 ) (). C& 0# ,F # *) * '0 ) () DE # #* (*# !& -
#. #0 ! (*&,) $*/ 7&,) *) * '0 ) ();
2. * '0 () !* (!, 1 D #0 D " !0 ) #. *.# 7
*H#. C'/ (+ * $' ! D !/#* 2# # D# &F# D/ $' ! $!'
!&$ $ * #/) D/ * D& !' & +/ ' D #0 (). < ED' D # D& -
(F ' * *& D #0 D/ *# & ', # D'& " * $E(. + $0 ( .#
(*) + $ '0 ) ! *# *" / ' ( (7 * !E) D'& & D& G (), # # -
D*F % * (. D ' E# !"F * '& ! (+ "E (* '& D'& - /# G # (* $ *G -
( * *# D' . G *&,; C& 0# ,F # *) * '0 ) () DE # -
#* (*# !& #. #0 ! (*&,) $*/ 7&,) *) * '0 ) ();
3. > , , #*G) #/) (* *& '0 &, 3'G & '&, + *&F4 *) * '0) ()
!*/' . ( # $ H ( *& !/(*&) " *&,' 0 ) *&, ! # ,%G ( *
!E' D (7& "H #*) # '&F) $ *E) ,$# (0 &,. ' 1& #*
41
, 2 ) ) $ )
"0) H') E*(, H(* # $# 0# ,D& 7' . $E #&) # *&,) D" 'H # *&
( !/ $(/ G # *&,) D'E 7 * &+E " *.# ' 1& $E #.# D"G '&,)
D (7/ " (). < D *'E 2 * (*& , , #*G # !& "&, G ( *# D&" -
* !G *&, ,*G;
4. F ,# ( () # $ 'H # /* $D& '0 * # D" ( ( * *&# ' $/
*.# D& " *.# D&, !* (!, 1 *& '& (* (/ () ! # % (+ "0 -
( * D'( (/ * ' 7'G $ * #* ! (*H #*) 200 ' 1/ $ #&,) $ ! -
#&F' & ,*& $ *& D& $E #& %& D" ($/. ? D&& !' *G ' & D& + (0 -
( * D&&,) D& "F ( *; C& 0# ,F # () DE # #* ( ,*&F)
*&,) ' 1/ $ #&,) ! (*&,) $*/ 7&,) *) * '0 ) ();
5. @*) !"E) D& 7E), * '0 D*' "0 &, () D'0 7 D'/ '$ $
D'& 7G) (*&,) ,D" "G "&,) *). @G$ ' D&, & *$E) *&, D*' "0 &,
E7&,# DE(, *& *$G $ &!& #& $ !G) 70'() *) * '0 ) () (,$ -
&, "F # (* $ *G ( * *& D'/ '$ $. > ,D" " "&0 () #* '&F#
D "H #*) () # D' * &F# ( $0 *E*& D'0 D*. (. C& 0#
,F # *) * '0 ) () DE # #* (*&,) ,D" "G "&,) ! (*&,) $*/ -
7&,) *) * '0 ) ();
6. @*& #&(& !& $0 & () D' & #* D !0# , # D/ " *, #H E7 * (,$ -
/ " & $ *&# !"F * '& D" & / * * (G *&,). C'/ (+ * D" -
'& +& ' G ! * /* ,*G * '0 # !& "&, 0 *) ,(* 'E) !& #& * -
!E) & 0 ). ?E7' *H' # E # !D&& *F 7 $ ! !,E' # (
0# #, D& 20 (* *# FD' % *&, D'& "G $ *&). C&) 0# &
,F #) ();
7. > D . ' *E) *&, A$G $ *&) J',() $/") E7&,# !* "G % (*&
(,$DE ' ($ /* *& '& (* (/ () $/", # *# D'& 7G F',() *)
D/"). > ! ' ($/) *) D *0 0 * ' ,2 "/ !/(*&). A& *$G $
(,#*G'() *&, '& (* (0 &, () # 0# D& "F *.) E& /* ,F -
# * * $/",# ( ,*G. C& 0# ,F # *) * '0 ) () DE -
# #* (*# !& #. #0 ! (*&,) $*/ 7&,) *) * '0 ) ();
8. ?0 &$ D' " "& #* !H# !* (*H# # (,$ +. #0 $ *# D "& G
D&, E7 * !# (7 * ! $ *&# *'/ D& (,(!, (0 ) *.# D'&- / #*.# ().
C'/ * 0# + #G, (+ "G) ! ,7 ' (*, # 0# ,# */# # # -
!, !". 0. "" G *&, D *&F ( D/ *# * '0 () # ', -
42

#G ( ! # (7 ( #" " !* !E) "F() ! # 7& $E #.) !* *E*&&
# D *&F ( *# & ' !' &F ! #&F' &, %& D" ($&F. :# .(*/ (&
0#&,# & "" E) ,*E), # 0# D'( (/ * '& !' G D' . G
$0) #E) (,(!, (0 ). C&) 0# & ,F #) ();
43
, 2 ) ) $ )
44

' #
' # ' #/
? * D'& &, $E #.) *&# *'/ D&, $ *&# &D&0& & !* # ". *E), /D.)
(0) ! & +0"& (), 0#&,# 7'G $ * (*) D 7 'G () ( #*" " $ *.#
H# ! *.# ,D ' ( H# D&, D& !*&F#. > D 7 'G () D/ * D", '
*&,) $0 &,# *&,) ,D" "G "&,) *&,) $ $(&F) ! $ '& $0 ( ( #*" -
" $ *) ' (0 ) D&, D'E 7&,#. > ,D" " "& 0# E !* # ". *E),
& &D&0 & D #&F# *&,) $(&F) *&,) ( "") D 7 'G (). ? ,*/# *&#
*'/ D& *& 7'G $ 'E (*# &!& #& $0 D/ *&,) !* # ". *E) (*) D 7 'G ()
! D (*'E + (*&,) !* # ". *E).
D"G ,*G %G ( *) '&G) *&, 7'G $ *&) (*# &!& #& $0 #& 0
.(*/ (& E# $ "& ! ($ #* !/ D' & #* *&, &!& #& $ !&F $) (,(*G $ -
*&), *& . > D'( (/ * '& D&"0 *) D #&F# D'( (/ * '& D/ *& 25%
*&, (& G $ */) *&,) ( +/'&,). :,*/ ($0 # /* &, "F &,# *&, " 7 (*&#
*') $G#) *& 7'/ #& $/#& ! $/#& # D" 'H (&,# +/'&,) *& (/ -
$ *&,), *# & !* (0 G *) & 'E) *&,) (+/'& !* #". ()).
A 0#& #* * 7'G $ * D&, D" 'H #&,# & D&"0 *) (*& !' *&); ? * &G -
*&, (,$ &F "&, () D' !& "&, G (* ! (,$D" 'H (* *& '$ $
*) D/ $ #) ("0 ).
ID.) "E D *, * 7'G $ * D&, D" 'H # * ( +/'&,) (0) ! &!& E -
# () "" ! & D 7 'G (), D'E 7&,# * ,# */ * * (*& !' *&) #
!* (!, ( (7& "0 , '/ $&,) ! (,(*G $ * D& 7E*, (). > +/'& D& -
* "&F# E(& & *& !' *&) D'& ! $E #&, # D' (7 ,D ' (0 ), /D.)
# !G $, # ! *' !G +'& #*0 *&,) " ! . $E #&,). D D"E &# 7" -
) #'. D& # * 7H' ' 1& #* (*& $/ ( & *&$E. A $ '& $0 (
! & $(&0 D&, "$ #&,# D (*'E +&,# (*&,) !* # ". *E), # *
%&E 2&,# (*) *&D !E) D 7 'G () ! # D (*'E 2&,# (* (,#E 7 (*&
!' *&).
:# %' * * $ *&# *'/ D& $ *&# &D&0& %&F * * 7'G $ * (), ,*
'E&,# (*# &!& #& $0 .
45
, 2 ) ) $ )
, 2 ) ) $ )
,&$ #$) Y+
KAI #$ *$ ,*)$)
49
, 2 ) ) $ )

You might also like