Glossary of auditing terms and Vietnamese equivalents

Students: Dng Th Cc - 1KT 07 - 0704010006 Bi Th Minh Hot - 2 KT 07 - 0704010022 Hong Xun Qunh - 1 KT 07 - 0704010052 V Phng Tho - 2KT 07 - 0704010056 Bi Th An Hoi - CN2 0407010011

Supervisor: Mrs. Vn Anh

Table of content

1.Introduction 2.Literature review 3. Methodology 4. Glossary of auditing terms and Vietnamese equivalents 5. Limitation and conclusion 6. References

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1.Introduction: Highly-developed business environment nowadays are in increased demand of assurance about reliable and trusted financial information. Auditing, therefore, is there to achieve this objective for the public. The role of audit has been becoming more and more important, especially after the collapse of some giant United States corparations causing the world economy to face up with a very hard period of time. In Vietnam particularly, there are the same great need for auditing and competent auditors. Consequently, many universities and many colleges such as Hanoi University have brought auditing subject to their curriculum in order to help the country train and create future knowledgable auditors. Besides, at time of globalization and integration, its another neccesity that the students who learn about auditing understand the audit-related terms apparently not only in Vietnamese but also in English. This research, establishing the glossary of auditing terms and equivalents in Vietnamese, is hopefully a foundation for students to fulfill the goal.

2. Literature review a. Auditing Auditing is defined as the accumulation and evaluation of evidence about information to determine and report on the degree of correspondence between the information and established criteria (Arens Shailer & Elder, 2010). This job should be done by a competent and independent person, who is called an auditor. There are 3 main types of audit, namely Financial statement audit, Performance audit and Compliance audit.

Financial statement audit: Determine whether the overall financial statements of an entity are stated in accordance with applicable accounting standard and accounting framework. Performance audit: Evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of any part of an organizations operating procedures. Compliance audit: Determine whether the organization follows specific procedures, rules, or regulations set by some higher authority by reviewing its financial records.

Auditing terms are the specializing terms that relate to a lot of aspects of audit concepts and procedures. b. Auditing standards in Vietnam Auditing practices in Vietnam must follow Auditing standards which are regulated by the Ministry of Finance. Up to date, there are seven Decisions, consisting of thirty seven standards with detailed guidelines about auditing and other related activities. The first Decision (120/1999/Q-BTC) was issued in 1999 and the latest one (101/2005/Q-BTC)was in 2005. 3. Methodology To reach the objective of the research, stated in Introduction part, we contacted the consulting teacher to obtain standard auditing glossary in English, which include a list of auditing terms. Then, our task is to look up in the regulations in Vietnam and other references to find out the equivalent terms and equivalent explanation in Vietnamese. Our main source to carry out this task is Vietnam Auditing Standards. Besides, some other laws and regulations involve in the research process such as Law on Goverment auditing and Code of ethics for professional accountants and auditors. We also look at online sources to have deeper and more clearly understanding about these auditing terms. Finally, we combine all the sources to create a complete auditing glossary in both English and Vietnamese. 4. Auditing glossary and Vietnamese equivalents

Terms

Definition

Nghi

Gii thch

Notes

Access controls Controls designed to prevent Kim sot unauthorised use of IT equipment, data truy cp files and computer programs

H thng kim sot c thit k ngn chn vic s dng khng c cho php ti cc trang thit b cng ngh thng tin, h s d liu v cc chng trnh my tnh.

Accountability The responsibility of an entity to report Trch nhim Trch nhim ca mt t chc v vic phi on its use of resources allocated for a gii trnh gii trnh v vic s dng cc ngun lc specific purpose. c phn b cho mt mc ch c th no . Accounting An approximation of a financial c tnh k L mt gi tr gn ng ca mt ch tiu lin Decision estimate statement item in the absence of exact ton quan n bo co ti chnh c c tnh 143/2001/Qmeasurement trong trng hp thc t pht sinh nhng BTC /Standard cha c s liu chnh xc hoc cha c 540/article 4 phng php tnh ton chnh xc hn, hoc mt ch tiu thc t cha pht sinh nhng c c tnh lp bo co ti chnh

Accounting misstatement

Occur when an accounting item is not Sai st0 k expressed to show its objective and ton truthful economic value. Include understatements and overstatements, through the use of inappropriate accounting treatment or disclosure policy Set as generally accepted accounting Chun mc methods for specifec accoungting items k ton The series of tasks and records of an entity by which transactions are processsed as a means of maintaing financial records

Xy ra khi mt hng mc k ton khng c trnh by mt cch khch quan v ng vi gi tr kinh t thc ca n. Bao gm0 bo co thp hn hoc cao hn thc t do0 vic hch ton v chnh sch cng khai thng tin khng ph hp. c thnh lp ging nh cc phng php k ton c tha nhn chung cho tng hng mc k ton c th.

Accounting standards Accounting system

H thng k L cc qui nh v k ton v cc th tc k Decision ton ton m n v c kim ton p dng 143/2001/Qthc hin ghi chp k ton v lp bo co ti BTC/ standard chnh. 400/article 11

Accounts A computer file containing details of payable master suppliers, details of transactions with file suppliers, and the balance owed. Account receivable master file Accounts receivable subsidiary ledger

S0 tng hp 0 Mt tp d liu trong my tnh cha ng cc khon cc thng tin chi tit v nh cung cp, chi phi tr tit v cc giao dch vi cc nh cung cp v s d cn li. Mt tp d liu trong my tnh cha ng nhng thng tin chi tit v cc khch hng, cc giao dch vi cc khch hng v s d cn li.

A computer file containing details of S0 tng hp customers, details of transactions with cc khon customers, and the balance owed. phi thu

A ledger recording details of S0 chi tit cc S ghi chp li chi tit v cc giao dch cho transactions by customer and showing khon phi tng khch hng c th v ch ra s d cn the balance owed. thu phi thu. Decision 03/2005/QBTC/standard 1000/article 66

Adverse opinion An opinion expressed when the effect kin khng kin khng chp nhn (hoc kin tri of a disagreement of a conflict between chp nhn ( ngc) c a ra trong trng hp cc applicable financial reporting kin tri vn khng thng nht vi Gim c l frameworks is an extreme case and the ngc) quan trng hoc lin quan n mt s lng auditor concludes that a qualification of ln cc khon mc n mc m kim ton the auditors report is not adequate to vin v cng ty kim ton cho rng kin disclose the misleading or incomplete chp nhn tng phn l cha th hin nature of the financial report tnh cht v mc sai st trng yu ca Bo co quyt ton vn u t hon thnh, bng mu cu: "Theo kin ca chng ti, v nh hng trng yu ca nhng vn nu trn, Bo co quyt ton vn u t hon thnh l khng trung thc v khng hp l trn cc kha cnh trng yu...".

Agency theory

Analytical evidence

Analytical procedures

A theory that presupposes that when L thuyt investors entrust their resources to ngi i managers- as agents- all parties din/ Hc involved in the relationship will act thuyt v i rationally and attempt to maximise their din. benefits. The agent is the source of the demand for the audit. This theory is also known as the stewardship monitoring hypothesis. Agent theory assumes that agents are self-interested individuals and that there is information asymmetry between the agent and the principals. Information asymmetry refers to the fact that agents have control over the information regarding resources whereas the principals do not. Self-interest agents will pursue selfinterest which, in turn, will result in agenct cost to the principals Audit evidence obtained through Bng chng applying analytical procedures. This phn tch. involves considering or comparing relationships that exist in the entitys financial information. Procedures that involve the study and Quy trnh comparison of relationships among data phn tch.

Mt hc thuyt gi s rng khi cc nh u t tin tng v trao vn ca h cho cc nh qun l- ngi th y- th tt c cc bn lin quan n mi quan h ny s hnh ng mt cch c suy tnh v n lc ti a ha li nhun ca h. Ngi th y chnh l ni m kim ton cn tm n nhiu. Hc thuyt ny cng c bit n nh Hc thuyt v ngi qun gia. Hc thuyt v i din cho rng ngi th y l nhng c nhn t li v c tn ti tnh trng thng tin bt cn xng gia ngi th y v nhng ngi ch. Tnh trng thng tin mt cn xng m ch n s tht rng ngi th y c s kim sot nht nh i vi thng tin trong khi nhng ngi ch th khng. Ngi th y t li s chy theo li ch c nhn, ri sau , s gy ra chi ph i din m nhng ngi ch phi gnh chu. Bng chng kim ton t c thng qua vic p dng th tc kim ton. iu ny lin quan n vicxem 0 xt, so snh cc mi quan h tn ti trong cc thng tin ti chnh ca n v c kim ton. L vic phn tch cc s liu, thng tin, cc Decision t sut quan trng, qua tm ra nhng xu 219/2000/Qhng, bin ng v tm ra nhng mi quan BTC/standard h c mu thun vi cc thng tin lin quan 500/article 26 khc hoc c s chnh lch ln so vi gi tr d kin.

Application controls

Assertion

Controls that apply to the processing of Kim sot specific types of transactions, such as ng dng. invoicing customers, paying suppliers and preparing payroll. For computerised information system activities, application controls refer to control procedures that provide reasonable assurance that the recording, processing and reporting of data are properly performed for specific 0 applications. Statement made by management in C s dn financial statements that relates to liu (ca bo economic actions and events co ti chnh)

H thng kim sot c ng dng cho qu trnh x l cc loi nghip v c th no , v d nh ghi ha n cho khch hng, thanh ton cho nh cung cp v lp bng lng. i vi vic x l h thng thng tin trn my tnh, kim sot ng dng m ch ti quy trnh kim sot cung cp m bo tng i rng vic hch ton, x l v bo co s liu c thc hin theo phng thc ng n cho tng ng dng c th.

Assessing control risk

Assurance

L cn c ca cc khon mc v thng tin Decision trnh by trong bo co ti chnh do Gim 219/2000/Qc (hoc ngi ng u) n v chu trch BTC/standard nhim lp trn c s cc chun mc v ch 500/article 14 k ton qui nh phi c th hin r rng hoc c c s i vi tng ch tiu trong bo co ti chnh. The process of evaluating the nh gi ri Qu trnh nh gi0 hiu qu ca0 thit k v 0 effectiveness of the design and ro kim sot hot ng ca h thng0 kim sot ni b operation of an entitys internal controls ca mt cng ty trong vic ngn chn hoc in preventing or detecting material pht hin ra sai st trng yu trong cc bo misstatements in the financial co ti chnh. statements The provision of confidence and m bo 0 Quy nh v s b 0 o mt v ng tin cy0 ca credibility regarding the integrity 0 of a thng tin subject matter. 0

Assurance engagement

L hp ng dch v, theo kim ton Decision vin hnh ngh a ra kin kt lun nhm 87/2005/Qnng cao mc tin cy ca ngi s dng BTC/art 15 thng tin. Hp ng m bo c thc hin cung cp: a) S m bo mc cao cc vn ph hp vi cc tiu chun c t ra t trc xt trn cc kha cnh trng yu; hoc b) S m bo mc va phi cc vn hp l trong cc trng hp c th. Assurance The risk that the practitioner expresses Ri ro dch L ri ro m ngi tin hnh dch v0 a ra engagement risk an inappropriate conclusion when the v m bo. mt kt lun khng0 ph hp khi thng tin d subject matter does not conform with liu khng khp vi nhng tiu ch c the identified criteria. nh trc. Attest services Professional services that verify the truthfulness of a subject matter. Dch v chng thc Mt dch v0 chuyn nghip xc minh tnh trung thc ca0 thng tin

An engagement performed by a Dch v m professional accountant with the bo (Hp intention of enhancing the credibility of ng m information about a subject matter. bo)

Attribute sampling

A sampling approach to determine the proportion of the population exhibiting a particular attribute, such as items in a transaction class whose processing deviates from laid-down control procedures.

Ly mu kim ton (Ly mu ) theo thuc tnh

Mt cch ly mu 0 chn ra mt phn ca tng th mang mt0 thuc tnh c th no , v d0 quy trnh x l0 mt loi nghip v0 no khng tun theonh 0 ng th tc kim sot ra.

Audit

A service where the auditor provides a Dch v kim high level of assurance through ton The issue of a positive expression of an opinion that enhances the credibility of a written assertion about an accountability matter The provision of relevant and reliable information and a positive expression of opinion 0 about an accountability matter where the party responsible for the matter does not make a written assertion

L dch v i hi chuyn mn k ton, Decision kim ton hoc cc k nng c lin quan do 87/2005/Qmt ngi hnh ngh k ton, kim ton, BTC/article 10 thu, t vn qun l v cc dch v t vn khc

Audit and attestation function

Activities which aim to provide the assurance of an accountability matter regarding its truthfulness

Chc nng Cng vic thc hin vi mc ch cung cp kim ton v s m bo v tnh trung thc0 ca thng tin chng thc gii trnh

Audit committee A committee of non-executive directors y ban kim y ban gm nhng gim c phi iu hnh responsible for overseeing financial ton ph trch theo di0 chc nng bo co0 ti reporting functions chnh Audit evidence Information obtained by the auditor in Bng chng 0 L tt c cc ti liu, thng tin do kim ton Decision arriving at the conclusions on which the kim ton vin thu thp c lin quan n cuc kim 219/2000/Qaudit opinion is based ton v da trn cc thng tin ny kim ton BTC/standard vin hnh thnh nn kin ca mnh 500/article 5 Audit The gap that exists between what users 0 expectation gap expect of an auditor and the service auditors provide. This gap is due ,in part, to the inadequate performance of auditors L khong cch tn ti gia nhng iu m ngi s dng bo co ti chnh mong i t kim ton vin v dch v m kim ton vin cung cp. Khong cch ny mt phn gy ra bi s khng hon thnh y cng vic ca kim ton vin

Audit manager Staff member in charge of an audit. The0 Gim c audit manager coordinates and kim ton supervises the execution of the audit work program and is responsible for client liaison Audit mandate An authority to undertake an audit and y thc kim provide a report. The mandate may ton prescribe the nature of the audit and the type of audit report expected. Audit planning The preparation of an overall audit strategy for the expected conduct and scope of the audit Audit program A detailed description of tests of controls and substantive procedures that are planned to be performed

Thnh vin ca nhm kim ton ph trch cng vic kim ton.0 Gim c kim ton iu phi v gim st hot ng 0kim ton v chu trch nhim0 lin h bo co vi khch hng y nhim thc hin cng vic kim ton vo cung cp bo co. Trong y thc c th nu r bn cht ca kim ton v loi bo co kim ton nh

Lp k hoch L vic lp k hoch kim ton tng th cho Decision143/20 kim ton cuc kim ton v phm vi kim ton 01/Q-BTC/ standard 300

Chng trnh L ton b nhng ch dn cho kim ton Decision143/20 kim ton vin v tr l kim ton tham gia vo cng 01/Q-BTC/ vic kim ton v l phng tin ghi chp standard 300/ theo di, kim tra tnh hnh thc hin kim article 6 ton. Chng trnh kim ton ch dn mc tiu kim ton tng phn hnh, ni dung, lch trnh v phm vi ca cc th tc kim ton c th v thi gian c tnh cn thit cho tng phn hnh. Audit risk The risk that an auditor may give an Ri ro kim L ri ro do kim ton vin v cng ty kim Decision143/20 inappropriate opinion on the finacial ton ton a ra kin nhn xt khng thch hp 01/Q-BTC/ information that is materially misstated khi bo co ti chnh c kim ton cn standard 400/ c nhng sai st trng yu. Ri ro kim ton article 7 bao gm ba b phn: ri ro tim tng, ri ro kim sot v ri ro pht hin. Audit risk model A model that express the relationships M hnh ri L m hnh th hin mi quan h gia ba b among audit risk components. It simply ro kim ton phn ca ri ro kim ton. n gin l ri ro states that audit risk = inherent risk kim ton = ri ro tim tng ri ro kim control risk detection risk sot ri ro pht hin

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Audit team

A group of people responsible for an Nhm kim L nhm bao gm: Kim ton vin hnh Decision audit, comprising a partner, a manager, ton (Nhm ngh, cc kim ton vin v tr l kim ton 87/2005/Qan audit senior and staff assistants cung cp dch tham gia hp ng kim ton (Hp ng BTC/article 24 v m bo) m bo) A chain of evidence provided by coding, cross-references and documentation that connects account balances and other summary results with original transaction data An independent examination of financial or non-financial information for the purpose of providing an assurance on the credibility of that information to intended users Methods and techniques used by the auditors to gather and evaluate audit evidence Bng chng H thng cc bng chng a ra di dng kim sot m ha, tham chiu cho hay bng ti liu (Du vt kim nhm mc ch i chiu s d ti khon v ton) cc kt qu thng k khc vi d liu gc 0 ca cc giao dch Kim ton L mt qu trnh kim tra c lp nhng thng tin ti chnh hoc0 phi ti chnh nhm mc ch cung cp s m bo v tin cy ca thng tin ti nhng ngi s dng thng tin Quy trnh kim ton Phng php v k thut s dng bi kim ton vin thu thp v nh gi bng chng kim ton Cc chun mc bao gm nhng nguyn tc c bn, nhng quy trnh0 c bn, v nhng0 hng dn c lin quan c ban hnh cho hot ng kim ton

Audit trail

Auditing

Auditing procedures

Auditing standards

Standards that contain that basis principles and essential procedures, together with related guidance,promulgated by the profession for the practice of auditing Auditor liability the liability of an auditor for breaching a duty or for not fulfilling a contract

Chun mc kim ton

Bank confirmation

Trch nhim Trch nhim ca kim ton vin khi vi phm ca kim ton ngha v ca mnh hay khng tun th theo vin (trch ng hp ng nhim ngh nghip) Written confirmation of the balance at Th xc nhn Bn xc nhn bng vn bn ca ngn hng bank and other matters received ca ngn v s d ti khon ca khch hng ngn directly by the auditor from the entity's hng hng v cc thng tin khc bank

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Bank reconciliations

Schedules agreeing the balance of cash 0 Bng i at bank per the entity's record with the chiu s d balance shown on the statement of ngn hng, accounts received from the bank. The iu gii most common reconciling items are ngn hng) outstanding deposits and unpresented cheques

Bng0 i chiu s d tin gi ti ngn hng trong s cng ty vi s liu0 trn0 s ph ca ngn hng. Cc khon 0 i chiu thng dng nht l0 tin0 ang chuyn) v sc cha0 thanh ton

Bank transfer schedule

Big Four

Schedules prepared by the auditor Danh mc Danh mc lp bi kim ton vin trong listing bank transfers for a few days chuyn khon lit k cc khon chuyn khon ngn hng either side of the end of the reporting ngn hng mt vi ngy trc hoc sau thi k bo period, and the dates recorded in the co,ngy chuyn khon v bo co ca ngn records and the bank statements hng The largest four international Big Four Bn hng kim ton ln nht th gii, bao accounting firms in the world-KPMG, gm KPMG, PricewaterhouseCoopers, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Ernst&Young Ernst&Young v Delloite Touche Tohmatsu and Delloite Touche Tohmatsu L vic chn cc n v ly mu t mt tng th bng phng php ly mu ngu nhin hay la chn bt k cc nhm n v ly mu c cng tnh cht nh ch ci u ca tn khch hng hay ngy cc giao dch din ra L ri ro m cng ty khng t c mc tiu ra hay khng thc hin c k hoch ca mnh L mt quy trnh kim ton trong kim ton vin kim k tin mt ti qu v khp ng s d vi s0 k ton 0

Block selection Selection of sampling units from a Chn nhm population by random or haphazard selection of characteristics held by clusters of sampling units, such as the initial letters of customers' names or the date at which the transaction occurred Business risk The risk that the entity will not achieve Ri ro kinh its objectives or execute its strategies doanh

Cash counts

Audit procedure of counting cash on Kim0 qu hand and agreeing the balance with the records

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Cash cut-off tests

Cash receipts cut-off test

Audit procedure verifying the Kim tra th agreement of cash receipts recorded in tc phn chia the accounting records at close of nin ca business with the physical movement of tin cash A substantive procedure designed to Kim tra th obtain reasonable assurance that cash tc phn chia receipts are recorded in the accounting nin nhn period in which they are received tin A journal recording cash receipt 0 Nht k thu transactions for posting to the ledgers tin

Quy trnh kim ton xc nhn s ng khp ca lng tin nhn ghi chp trong s k ton vi lung vo thc t ca tin. Mt quy trnh0 kim ton chi tit0 c xy dng m bo hp l 0rng0 tin thu v c ghi chp trong ng0 nin 0k ton0 L s ghi chp cc giao dch0 thu tin phn nh vo s ci

Cash receipts journal

Common law

Unwritten law formulated, developed and administered by the courts

Thng lut

Lut bt thnh vn c hnh thnh, pht trin v s dng bi ta n

Comparatives

Amounts or disclosures of one or more Thng tin c previous 0periods that are presented on a tnh so snh comparative basis with those of the current period

Compilation engagements

Cc thng tin c tnh so snh trong bo co ti chnh c th c trnh by di dng s liu (nh tnh hnh ti chnh, kt qu hot ng kinh doanh, lu chuyn tin t) v cc gii trnh trong Thuyt minh bo co ti chnh ca n v trong nhiu nm ti chnh ph thuc vo chun mc k ton v trnh by bo co ti chnh c p dng Engagements that require professional Dch v tng L dch v i hi ngi hnh ngh k ton accountants to prepare or compile a hp thng tin lp hoc tng hp mt bo co da trn subject matter based on certain criteria nhng tiu ch nht nh An assertion relating to financial information that all transactions and accounts have been presented in the financial statements

Decision 03/2005/QBTC/Standard 710/article 3

Decision 03/2005/QBTC/standard 930

Completeness

Tnh y Mt tiu chun ca c s dn liu ca bo Decision co ti chnh trong ton b ti sn, cc 219/2000/Qkhon n, nghip v hay giao dch xy ra BTC, Standard c lin quan n bo co ti chnh phi c 500, point 14d ghi chp ht cc s kin lin quan

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Compliance audit

An audit that involves obtaining and Kim ton evaluating evidence to determine tun th whether certain financial and operating activities of an entity conform to specified conditions, rules or regulations Comprehensive Auditing that occurs when an auditor Kim ton auditing undertakes a range of audit and audit- ton din related services within an audit mandate for a client. It encompasses the elements of a financial statement audit, a compliance audit and a performance audit ComputerTechniques that involve using the K thut assisted computer in performing auditing kim ton do audit techniques procedures vi tnh h tr Conceptual framework for auditing

L loi hnh kim ton kim tra, nh gi Law on v xc nhn vic tun th php lut, ni quy, government 0 quy ch m n v c kim ton phi thc auditing of hin. Vietnam, Article 04, point 03. L cuc kim ton trong kim ton vin thc hin mt s hot ng kim ton v cc dch v lin quan n kim ton cho mt khch hng. Kim ton ton din bao gm cc yu t ca mt cuc kim ton bo co ti chnh, kim ton tun th v kim ton hot ng. Cc k thut lin quan n vic s dng my tnh trong vic tin hnh cc quy trnh kim ton.

A theoretical framework that supports Khun kh v L khun kh l thuyt, trong s dng the key elements of an audit, using l thuyt cc khi nim c tnh logic, h tr cc thnh logical concepts cho cc hot t c bn ca cuc kim ton. ng kim ton Confirmation of Written enquiry of suppliers, requesting Xc nhn cc L vic kim ton vin ngh n v c accounts confirmation directly from an khon n kim ton gi th yu cu xc nhn ti nh payable independent source outside the entity phi tr cung cp nhm xc minh cc khon n phi tr nh cung cp. Confirmations A form of enquiry that enables the Xc nhn auditor to obtain information directly thng tin t from an independent source outside the bn ngoi entity L qu trnh thu thp v nh gi bng chng kim ton thng qua vic lin h trc tip vi bn th ba nhn c phc p ca h v cc thng tin c th nh hng n c s dn liu c ban Gim c lp v trnh by trong bo co ti chnh ca n v c kim ton. Decision 101/2005/QBTC, Standard 505, point 06

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Conformation role

The auditor's function in ensuring that Vai tr tun the organization conforms to policies, th procedures and statutory matters

Chc nng ca kim ton vin trong vic m bo n v0 tun th theo cc chnh sch, quy trnh v cc vn php l 0 Decision 100/2005/QBTC, Standard 18, point 07. (VAS or VSA)

Contingent liability

Continuous auditing

A potential liability that becomes an N tim tng L (1) ngha v n c kh nng pht sinh t actual liability when one or more future cc s kin xy ra v s tn ti ca ngha events occurs or fails to occur v n ny s ch c xc nhn bi kh nng hay xy ra hoc khng xy ra ca mt hoc nhiu s kin khng chc chn trong tng lai m doanh nghip khng kim sot c; hoc (2) ngha v n hin ti pht sinh t cc s kin xy ra nhng cha c ghi nhn v (a) khng chc chn c s gim st v li ch kinh t do vic phi thanh ton ngha v n hoc (b) gi tr ca ngha v n khng c xc nh mt cch ng tin cy. Auditing activities that provide an Kim ton Cc hot ng kim ton cung cp mc ongoing level of assurance on a subject lin tc m bo lin tc i vi mt vn . matter A relationship between two contracting Quan h hp Mi quan h gia hai bn tham gia vo hp parties ng ng.

Contractual relationship

Contributory negligence

The failure of the plaintiff to meet certain required standards of care

Li do bt cn

Bn nguyn n khng p ng mt s chun mc theo quy nh v mc cn trng Cc th tc v chnh sch m ban qun tr a ra m bo cc ch th c thc hin y .

Control activities

Policies and procedures that Hot ng management establishes to help ensure kim sot that its directives are carried out

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Control environment

The overall attitude, awareness and actions of management regarding internal control and its importance in the entity

Control procedures

Control risk

Co-regulation

L nhng nhn thc, quan im, s quan Decision tm v hot ng ca thnh vin Hi ng 143/2001/Qqun tr, Ban gim c i vi h thng BTC, Standard kim sot ni b v vai tr ca h thng 400, point 12 kim sot ni b trong n v. Those policies and procedures, in Th tc kim L cc quy ch v th tc do Ban lnh o Decision addition to the control environment, sot n v thit lp v ch o thc hin trong 143/2001/Qthat management has established to n v nhm t c mc tiu qun l c BTC, Standard ensure that , as far as possible, specific th. 400, point 13 entity objectives will be achieved A risk that a material misstatement will Ri ro kim L ri ro xy ra sai st trng yu trong tng Decision not be prevented or detected on a sot nghip v, tng khon mc trong bo co ti 143/2001/Qtimely basis by an entity's internal chnh khi tnh ring r hoc tnh gp m h BTC, Standard control structure thng k ton v h thng kim sot ni b 400, point 05 khng ngn nga ht hoc khng pht hin v sa cha kp thi. The environment within which both ng kim Mi trng trong c Chnh ph v cc the government and the auditing sot cng ty kim ton cng thc hin vai tr profession exert active controls kim sot Evidence obtained by an auditor in Thng tin support of transactions recorded in the chng thc accounting records of an entity An assurance on the relevance and reliability of information Chng c c kim ton vin thu thp nhm h tr cc giao dch c ghi trong s sch k ton ca doanh nghip.

Mi trng kim sot

Corroborating information

Credibility (of information)

Mc tin L mt m bo v tnh ph hp v tin cy ca thng cy ca thng tin. tin L h s kim ton cha ng cc thng tin Decision v khch hng ch lin quan ti cuc kim 120/1999/Qton mt nm ti chnh. BTC, Standard 230, point 05

Current file

A file that contains corroborating H s kim information relating to the execution of ton nm the current year's audit program

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Cut off

An assertion that relates to whether all Tnh ng k L mt tiu chun ca c s dn liu ca transactions, events and accounts have bo co ti chnh trong ton b cc giao been recorded in the correct period dch, s kin v ti khon c ghi nhn vo ng thi k 0 . Tests performed on the transactions around year-end to ensure the completeness and occurrence of transactions Cc th nghim kim tra tnh ngk 0 L cc th nghim nhm kim tra cc giao dch pht sinh vo cui nin m bo cc giao dch ny thc s pht sinh v c ghi nhn y .

Cut off tests

Cyclical inventory counts Damages

Periodic inventory counts that count, Kim k nh L vic nh k 0 kim k, trong sut mt over a year, all or most inventory items 0 hng nm k ton, ton b hoc hu ht hng tn tn kho kho. An amount awarded as compensation Bi thng for the losses suffered by plaintiffs in a thit hi legal action A listing of bank notes, coins and Bin lai tin individual cheques for deposit with the gi bank, a copy of which is receipted by bank teller and retained by the entity A risk that the auditor's substantive procedures will collectively fail to detect a material misstatement. Ri ro pht hin Mc n b cho nhng thit hi bn nguyn n phi chu trong mt s v php l.

Deposit slip

L bn lit k cc loi tin c gi vo ngn hng.

Detection risk

L ri ro xy ra sai st trng yu trong tng Decision nghip v, tng khon mc trong bo co ti 143/2001/Qchnh khi tnh ring r hoc tnh gp m BTC, Standard trong qu trnh kim ton, kim ton vin v 400, point 06 cng ty kim ton khng pht hin c.

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Deviation

The failure to apply a control properly Sai phm and consistently, or its application by an unauthorized employee.

Deviation rate

The proportion of a sample of transactions tested that have not been processed in accordance with laiddown control procedures. Expressed when possible effect of a limitation on scope is an extreme case and the auditor has not been able to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence and accordingly is unable to express an opinion on the financial report.

L vic khng thc hin hoc thc hin sai th tc kim sot, pht hin c qua cc th nghim kim sot hoc cc sai lch v thng tin hoc s liu pht hin c qua cc th nghim c bn, do c nhn hoc tp th gy ra mt cch c (gian ln) hoc khng c (sai st). Tng sai phm c tnh bng t l li hoc tng gi tr sai lch v s liu. T l sai phm L t l cc giao dch khng tun th theo cc th tc kim sot trong mt mu c th nghim.

Decision 143/2001/QBTC, Standard 530, point 05

Disclaimer of opinion

kin t chi L kin c a ra trong trng hp hu (hoc kin qu ca vic gii hn phm vi kim ton l khng th quan trng hoc thiu thng tin lin quan a ra kin) n mt s lng ln cc khon mc ti mc m kim ton vin khng th thu thp y v thch hp cc bng chng kim ton c th cho kin v bo co ti chnh. Documentary Information about financial transactions Bng chng Thng tin v bo co ti chnh c bao evidence contained in documents such as source chng t gm trong cc loi chng t nh chng t documents, agreements, contracts, gc, tha thun, hp ng, ha n v bo various types of forms, invoices and co. statements. Documenting Documenting a description of the Ghi nhn Lu vo h s kim ton m t c cu kim the internal control structure in the form of hiu bit v sot ni b ca n v c kim ton di understanding completed internal control n v hnh thc cc cu hi iu tra v kim sot questionnaires, flowcharts or narrative ni b, biu din tin hoc bin bn memoranda. tng thut. Documents and Documents provide evidence on Chng t v Chng t cung cp bng chng v cc giao records specific transactions that have occurred, s sch k dch c th pht sinh v cc ghi chp l tm and records are summaries of ton tt ca cc giao dch pht sinh. transactions that have occurred.

Decision 120/1999/QBTC, Standard 700, point 42

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Dual-purpose test

A test that serves as both a test of controls and a test of details of transactions.

Th nghim Mt th nghim trong kim ton vin c kp th thc hin th nghim kim sot cng vi th nghim c bn cho cng mt nghip v. Kim ton vin phi thc hin cng vic check kim ton vi y nng lc chuyn mn cn thit, vi s thn trng cao nht v tinh thn lm vic chuyn cn. L cc bin php p dng chocc 0 ti khon v thng tin ti chnh khc nhau a ra mt kt qu mong mun v tnh hnh ti chnh ca n v 0 Bt c thng tin no c to ra v duy tr bi cc cng c in t m kim ton vin s dng a ra kin v mt c s dn liu. L mt on nhn xt nm trong bo co Decision kim ton a ra kin chp nhn ton phn 120/1999/Q lm sng t mt s yu t nh hng BTC, Standard khng trng yu n bo co ti chnh, 700, point 37 nhng khng c nh hng n bo co kim ton. on nhn xt ny thng t sau on a ra kin nhm gip ngi c nh gi nh hng ca cc yu t nh hng n bo co ti chnh.

Due care

Earnings management

Not being negligent-that is, planning Tnh thn and performing an audit and issuing an trng ngh audit opinion with skill and nghip competence, having regard to the needs of users. The measures applied to accounts and Hnh vi ph financial information in order to php li express a certain desirable outcome for nhun the entity's financial position. Any information produced and Bng chng maintained by electronic means that an in t auditor uses to form opinion about an assertion. A paragraph highlighting a matter in an on lu unqualified auditor's report following an audit opinion in specified circumstances, such as uncertainty over the question of the entity's going concern status.

Electronic evidence

Emphasis of matter

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Engagement letter

L s tho thun bng vn bn gia cc bn Decision tham gia k kt (cng ty kim ton, khch 120/1999/Qhng) v cc iu khon v iu kin thc BTC, Standard hin kim ton ca khch hng v cng ty 210, point 04 kim ton, trong xc nh mc tiu, phm vi kim ton, quyn v trch nhim ca mi bn, hnh thc bo co kim ton, thi gian thc hin v cc iu khon v ph, v x l khi tranh chp hp ng. Hp ng kim ton phi c lp v k chnh thc trc khi tin hnh cng vic kim ton nhm bo v li ch ca khch hng v ca cng ty kim ton. Enquiry Either oral or written questions by the iu tra L vic tm kim thng tin t nhng ngi Decision auditor. c hiu bit t bn trong hoc bn ngoi n 219/2000/Qv. iu tra c thc hin bng vic chnh BTC, Standard thc gi vn bn, phng vn hoc trao i 500, point 23 kt qu iu tra, s cung cp cho kim ton vin nhng thng tin cha c, hoc nhng thng tin b sung cng c cc bng chng c. Enterprise risk A process applied in strategy setting Qun tr ri L quy trnh c p dng trong khu thit management and across the entity designed to ro cho lp chin lc kinh doanh v xuyn sut identify potential events that may affect doanh nghip hot ng ca doanh nghip nhm pht hin the entity, and manage risk to be within nhng bin c c kh nng nh hng ti its risk appetite, to provide reasonable n v v kim sot ri ro trong phm vi cho assurance regarding the achievement of php; ng thi m bo mc hp l rng the entity's objectives. n v s t c cc mc tiu kinh doanh ra. Environmental An audit that responds to the growing Kim ton Kim ton mi trng l cng c qun l audit concern of business to control their mi trng bao gm mt qu trnh nh gi c tnh h environmental performance more thng, nh k v khch quan c vn bn effectively and to comply with a range ha v vic lm th no thc hin t chc of environmental regulations. mi trng, qun l mi trng v trang thit b mi trng hot ng tt.

A letter (contract) stating the scope and Hp ng terms of the audit kim ton engagement.

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Ethical issues

Ethical Relativism

Situations where individuals have to make a choice from unclear and complex alternatives, where each alternative may be the right choice according to a specific moral or viewpoint. A view that moral values are relative to a particular environment, and that they vary according to circumstances. An assertion relating to financial statements that assets and liabilities exist at a given date.

Xung t v L tnh hung m trong mt c nhn phi o c la chn gia nhng phng n phc tp v khng r rng; mi phng n c th l la chn chnh xc theo mt chun mc o c hoc quan im nht nh. Thuyt tng L mt quan im cho rng cc gi tr o i v c l tng i trong mt o c mi trng c th v chng thay i theo tng hon cnh. Hin hu Mt tiu chun ca c s dn liu ca bo co ti chnh trong mt ti sn hay mt khon n phn nh trn bo co ti chnh thc t phi tn ti (c thc) vo thi im lp bo co. L sai st m kim ton vin d tnh l tn ti trong tng th. Decision 219/2000/QBTC, Standard 500, point 14a

Existence

Expected error The error that the auditor expects to be Sai st d present in the tnh population. Experts Specialists in areas other than auditing Chuyn gia who may be consulted or called on to assist in the audit.

L mt c nhn hoc mt t chc c nng lc, kin thc v kinh nghim chuyn mn cao trong mt lnh vc ring bit ngoi lnh vc k ton v kim ton.

Decision 03/2005/QBTC, Standard 620, point 04 Decision 101/2005/QBTC, Standard 320, point 63 Decision 28/2003/QBTC, Standard 220, point 07

Extent of substantive procedure External auditors

The number of items or sample size to Phm vi thc S lng phn t hoc c mu m trn which a particular test or procedure is hin cc mt th nghim hoc th tc kim ton c applied. th tc c th c tin hnh. bn Individual practitioners or members of Kim ton public accounting firms who render vin professional auditing services to clients. L nhng ngi c chng ch kim ton vin ng k hnh ngh ti mt doanh nghip kim ton c thnh lp v hot ng theo php lut Vit Nam v c cng ty kim ton giao trch nhim k bo co kim ton.

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Financial statement assertions

C s dn L cn c ca cc khon mc v thng tin Decision liu ca bo trnh by trong bo co ti chnh do Gim 219/2000/Qco ti chnh c (hoc ngi ng u) n v chu trch BTC, Standard nhim lp trn c s cc chun mc v ch 500, point 14 k ton quy nh phi c th hin r rng hoc c c s i vi tng ch tiu trong bo co ti chnh. Financial An audit that enables an auditor to Kim ton Mt cuc kim ton cho php kim ton statement express an opinion as to whether the bo co ti vin v cng ty kim ton a ra kin xc audit financial statements are prepared, in all chnh nhn rng bo co ti chnh c c lp trn material respects, in accordance with an c s chun mc v ch k ton hin identified financial reporting hnh (hoc c chp nhn), c tun th framework. php lut lin quan v c phn nh trung thc v hp l trn cc kha cnh trng yu hay khng? Financial Dishonest activities that result in Gian ln bo L nhng hnh vi c lm sai lch thng tin Decision statement fraud misleading financial statements co ti chnh kinh t, ti chnh do mt hay nhiu ngi 143/2001/Qtrong Hi ng qun tr, Ban Gim c, cc BTC, Standard nhn vin hoc bn th ba thc hin, lm 240, point 4 nh hng n bo co ti chnh Flow chart A schematic diagram using Lu L biu s dng nhng biu tng c standardized symbols, interconnecting tiu chun ho, ng ni v ch thch flow lines and annotations that portrays din t cc bc lin quan n vic x l steps involved in processing thng tin thng quan h thng thng tin information through information qun l system Forensic audit Auditing activities that involve in Thm tra Cng vic kim ton lin quan n iu tra investigation of fraud and fraudulent php l gian ln v cc hnh vi gian ln. Trong qu activities trnh kim ton, kim ton vin v cng ty kim ton c trch nhim gip n v pht hin, x l v ngn nga gian ln. Fraud An intentional act of dishonesty or Gian ln Hnh vi khng trung thc hoc sai phm moral lapse o c mt cch c

Statement made by management in financial statements that relates to economic actions and events.

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Generalised audit software

Audit software that auditor uses under a Phn mm variety of data organization and kim ton processing methods tng qut

Global reporting An independent initiative started in initiative 1977 to develop and disseminate globally applicable sustainability reporting guidelines. It provides a generally accepted framework for reporting an organisation's economic, environmental and social performance Going concern An entity that envisages no major curtailment of its operation in the foreseeable future, and that assumes its going viability by being able to pay off its debts.

Going concern 0 An assumption that an entity an entity assumption will continue in the future unless evidence is available to the contrary

L mt trong nhng cng c IT Kim ton vin s dng c c bng chng trc tip v cht lng ca cc h s sn xut v duy tr bi cc h thng ng dng. V d, phn mm kim ton tng qut c th hon thnh nhim v kim ton sau y: Kim tra h s cht lng, y , nht qun, v s ng n (ngn hng xem xt nhu cu tin gi cc tp tin i vi tin gi v rt tin ln bt thng) Sng kin bo L sng kin c lp bt u t nm 1977 co ton cu nhm pht trin v ph bin hng dn nhng nguyn tc n nh v bo co c ng dng trn ton cu. GRI l mt chng trnh khung c chp nhn rng ri, p dng vo vic bo co tnh hnh cht lng hot ng kinh t, mi trng v x hi ca mt t chc. Hot ng Mt n v c coi l hot ng lin tc Decision lin tc trong mt tng lai gn c th d on c 193/2003/Q(t nht l mt nm k t ngy kt thc nin BTC, standard k ton) khi khng c nh hoc yu 570, point 4 cu phi gii th, ngng hot ng hoc thu hp ng k quy m hot ng, tm kim s bo h t cc ch n theo php lut v cc quy nh hin hnh. Gi nh hot Gi nh hot ng lin tc l mt nguyn Decision ng lin tc tc c bn khi lp v trnh by bo co ti 193/2003/Qchnh. Theo gi nh ny, ti sn v n phi BTC, standard tr c ghi nhn da trn c s l n v c 570, point 5 kh nng thc hin gi tr cc ti sn v thanh ton cc khon n phi tr trong iu kin kinh doanh bnh thng.

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Government auditors

Public sectors auditors who audit the Kim ton Kim ton vin nh nc l cng chc nh account of municipalities and state and vin nh nc nc c b nhim vo ngch kim ton federal governments, and who report thc hin nhim v kim ton. their audit findings to the respective parliaments Hot ng kim ton vin nh nc l vic kim tra, nh gi v xc nhn tnh ng n, trung thc ca bo co ti chnh; vic tun th php lut; tnh kinh t, hiu lc v hiu qu trong qun l, s dng ngn sch, tin v ti sn nh nc.

Law on government audit 37/2005/ QH11, article 3

Haphazard selection

Independence

i tng kim ton ca Kim ton Nh nc l hot ng c lin quan n qun l, s dng ngn sch, tin v ti sn nh nc. Selection of sampling units from La chn bt L mt trong s cc phng php la chn Decision population by observation k phn t vo mu, trong kim ton vin 143/2001/Qla chn cc phn t khng theo mt trt t BTC, Standard no nhng phi trnh bt k s thin lch 540, point 44, hoc nh kin ch quan no (V d: b qua appendix 3 cc phn t kh tm hoc lun lun chn cc phn t nm dng u tin hoc dng cui ca trang) ng thi phi m bo cho tt c cc phn t trong tng th u c c hi c chn. Phng php la chn bt k khng ph hp khi ly mu thng k. Ability to withstand pressure from c lp L nguyn tc hnh ngh c bn ca kim Decision management influence when ton vin. Trong qu trnh kim ton, kim 120/1999/Qconducting an audit or providing audit ton vin phi thc s khng b chi phi BTC, standard related services, such that one's hoc tc ng bi bt k li ch vt cht 200, point 16 professional integrity is not hoc tinh thn no lm nh hng n s compromised trung thc, khch quan v c lp ngh nghip ca mnh.

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Independence checks

The verification of work previously Kim tra c performed by other individuals or lp departments, or the proper valuation of recorded amount

Information asymmetry

L vic thc hin cc th tc kim ton i 0 source of vi cc d liu c s dng xc nh v Vietnamese trnh by gi tr hp l v nh gi xem gi definition tr hp l ny c c xc nh mt cch ng n trn c s cc d liu v cc gi nh ca Ban Gim c n v c kim ton hay khng. Occurs when there are differences in Thng tin bt L vic cc bn tham gia giao dch c tnh 0 source of the degree of control and understanding cn xng che y thng tin. Khi , gi c khng phi Vietnamese of information between parties l gi cn bng ca th trng m c th qu definition thp hoc qu cao. A hypothesis that posits that the Gi thuyt demand for auditing is a result of thng tin investors wanting reliable information that can be used effectively in decision making. Unlike agency theory, the emphasis is not so much on the agent as on the reliability of the information. Controls that cover risks related to the Kim sot x authorisation, completeness and l thng tin accuracy of transactions The information relevant to financial reporting objectives consists of the procedures and records established to initiate, record, process and report entity transactions (as well as events and conditions) and to maintain accountability for the related assets, liabilities and equity A material misstatement that could occur in the absent of internal controls H thng thng tin L gi thuyt tha nhn rng nhu cu ca 0 source of kim ton l kt qu ca vic nh u t Vietnamese mun c nhng thng tin ng tin cy v definition hu dng trong vic a ra quyt nh u t ca h. L kim sot trnh nhng ri ro lin quan ti0 ph duyt nghip v, tnh chnh xc v y ca cc nghip v Nhng thng tin lin quan n mc ch bo0 source of co ti chnh, bao gm: Vietnamese + Nhng quy trnh v bo co v vic bt definition u, ghi li, x l v bo co nghip v ca cng ty + Duy tr cng vic k ton cho cc ti khon: ti sn, n v vn s hu lin quan L ri ro tim n, vn c do kh nng tng Decision nghip v, tng khon mc trong bo co ti 143/2001/Qchnh cha ng sai st trng yu khi tnh BTC, Standard ring r hoc tnh gp, mc d c hay khng 400, point 4 c h thng kim sot ni b.

Information hypothesis

Information processing controls Information system

Inherent risk

Ri ro tim tng

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Initial audit engagement (Initial engagement) Inspection

The first audit of an entity by the particular audit firm

Kim ton L kim ton nm m Bo co ti chnh nm Decision nm u tin trc : 219/2000/Q- Cha c kim ton; hoc BTC, Standard - c cng ty kim ton khc kim ton. 510, point 5 Xem xt k lng hoc kim tra chi tit chng t,0 s sch hoc xem xt trc tip nhng ti sn hu hnh hoc ngun hu hnh khc L gi thit rng0 cc nh qun l v nhng 0 ngi tham gia vo cc hot ng ti chnh 0 c xu hng coi kim ton vin nh mt phng thc0 bo him-0 c ngha l0 trch nhim ti chnh pht sinh do tn tht t cc v kin tng c chuyn sangki 0 m ton vin.

Careful scrutiny or detailed Kim tra examination of documents and records, and the physical examination of tangible sources A view that posits that managers and Gi thuyt professional participants in financial m bo activities seek to use an auditor as a means of insurance - that is, as a means of shifting financial responsibility if any losses are expected from litigation

Insurance hypothesis

Interim audit

Cng vic kim ton c thc hin trc khi kt thc nm ti chnh. Thng thng, kim ton s b bao gm thc hin th nghim kim sot v th nghim chi tit ca nghip v. Interim A set of half-yearly statements, Bo co ti Bo co ti chnh s b ca mt cng ty financial report including an income statement, a chnh gia k c chun b vo mi na nm, bao gm: balance sheet/statement of financial Bo co thu nhp, bng cn i k ton, bo position, a statement of cash flows and co lu chuyn tin t v thuyt minh bo selected explanatory notes, to be co ti chnh, c cng b bi cng ty . prepared by a disclosing entity

Audit work performed before the end Kim ton of the reporting period. Typically, this gia k involves performing tests of controls and tests of details of transactions

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Internal audit

An independent appraisal function Kim ton ni Kim ton ni b l hot ng nh gi v Decision established within an organization to b t vn c lp trong ni b t chc, c 143/2001/Qexamine and evaluate the activities of thit k nhm ci tin v lm tng gi tr cho BTC/standard the entity as a service to an entity as a cc hot ng ca t chc , gip t chc 610, point 04 service to the entity. The overall t c cc mc tiu bng vic nh gi v activities that are performed within an ci tin mt cch h thng v chun tc tnh organization aimed at adding value by hiu lc ca quy trnh qun tr, kim sot v evaluating systems of internal control qun l ri ro and providing advice. The scope of internal audit ranges from internal L mt b phn trong h thng kim sot control to risk management t corporate ni b ca mt n v, c chc nng kim governance. tra, nh gi tnh ph hp, hiu qu, s tun th php lut v cc quy nh ca h thng k ton v h thng kim sot ni b ca n v Internal auditor Those engaged as-in house employees Kim ton L thnh vin0 ni b ca doanh nghip, of an organisation who are responsible vin ni b. ngi chu trch nhim nh gi c lp cc for providing 0 independent audit hot ng ca doanh nghip0 appraisals of the organization's activities Internal control Management's philosophy and Kim sot ni L cc qui nh v cc th tc kim sot do Decision operating style and all the policies and b n v c kim ton xy dng v p dng 143/2001/Qprocedures adopted by management to nhm bo m cho n v tun th php lut BTC/standard assist in achieving the entity's v cc qui nh, kim tra, kim sot, ngn 400/article 10 objectives, including the safeguarding nga v pht hin gian ln, sai st; lp of assets, the prevention and detection bo co ti chnh trung thc v hp l; nhm of fraud and error, the accuracy and bo v, qun l v s dng c hiu qu ti completeness of the accounting records, sn ca n v. H thng kim sot ni b and the timely preparation of reliable bao gm mi trng kim sot, h thng k financial information. ton v cc th tc kim sot. Internal control Lists that can enumerate the types Bn cu hi Bn lit k danh sch cc loi sai st tim evaluation of potential misstatement that could kim tra nh tng c th xy ra trong mt c s dn liu checklists occur in specific assertions gi kim sot c th no . ni b.

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Internal control Where there are discrepancies in problems the internal system that result in control failures

Cc vn Vn xy ra khi tn ti s khng nht kim sot ni qun trong h thng ni b v dn n s00 b. tht bi trong kim sot. Mt danh mc cc cu hi v chnh sch k ton v kim sot cng nh cc quy trnh m kim ton thy cn thit ngn chn cc sai st trng yu trong cc bo co ti chnh. Bng c chun b sn ghi chp cc m 0 t v s lng c kim 0k ca hng tn kho. Bng k hng tn kho thng c nh s trc.

Internal control A series of questions about accounting Bng cu hi questionnaire and control policies and procedures that kim sot ni the auditor considers necessary to b. prevent material misstatements in the financial statements Inventory count Pre-prepared sheets for recording Bng k hng sheets inventory description and quantity as tn kho. counted. These are usually prenumbered. Inventory master file.

A computer file containing details of S0 tng hp Tp d liu trong my tnh lu tr cc chi invetory items, their movement and the hng tn kho. tit v s bin ng v s lng cn li ca quantity on hand cc hng mc hng tn kho. Subsidiary ledger recording individual investment in shares and debentures. Entries show purchases and sales, the cost of each bundle purchases, and the quantity and cost of the balance owed An irregularity overstating the cash balance by intentionally 0 recording a bank transfer as a deposit in the receiving bank while failing to show a deduction from the bank account on which the transfer cheque is drawn.
0 S chi tit

Investment register

cc khon u t

S k ton chi tit ghi chp cc hng mc u t c nhn vo c phiu v tri phiu.Cc mc trnh by cc nghip v mua, bn, chi ph ca mi nghip v mua v s lng v chi ph ca s d cn n.

Kiting

Vit chi phiu S phng i khng hp l s d tin mt khng tin bng cch0 c ghi nhn chuyn khon0 l bo chng. khon tin gi0 trong ngn hng nhn0 tin trong khi li khng0 tr tin0 t ti khon ngn hng0 khi vit chi phiu 0 Bng ni dung, tng hp mt s cng vic cn c thc hin, hon thnh. not sure

Lead schedule

A summary working sheet that is Dn lch. supported by individual working papers

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Limited assurance engagement. Low - balling

An engagement that provides only a limited level of confidence in the reliability of the subject matter.

Hp ng bo Mt hp ng kim ton m ch cung cp m hn mc mt mc m bo nht nh cho s ng tin cy ca vn lin quan. t ph thp Hnh ng nh gi cc thp cho mt dch Decision v kim ton nhm thng gi thu v sau 87/2005/Q s dng cc hnh thc khc b l. BTC/ point 0229 Phng php Mt0 chin lc kim ton da trn gi nh gi thp nhr 0 ng ri ro kim sot ca mt c s ri dn liu0 mc trung bnhho 0 c thp. ro kim sot. Qun tr. L m t cng vic ca nhng ngi c giao nhim v ch o, iu hnh, gim st, kim sot mt lnh vc no hoc ch o, iu hnh mt php nhn. Ban lnh o chu trch nhim m bo cho n v hot ng c hiu qu, t c mc tiu m n v ra, gim st hoc cung cp bo co ti chnh cho cc bn hu quan. Th qun l. Th qun l cp n nhng im thiu st cn khc phc v kin xut ca kim ton vin v cng ty kim ton nhm ci tin h thng k ton v h thng kim sot ni b Th gii trnh Th gii trnh ca ban gim c gi ti ca ban gim kimton 0 vin. c. Decision 101/2005/QBTC/standard 260/article 5

A practice whereby a bid price of an audit service is quoted at an unreasonably low level so as to win the bid, with any "losses" subsequently recovered through other means Lower assessed An audit strategy based on the level of assumption that control risk is medium control risk to low for an assertion approach Management The individuals who control and are responsible for the resources invested within an entity.

Management letter.

Management representation letter.

A letter written to the management of an entity by an auditor. It contains recommendations for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of significant matters that were noticed during the course of an audit A letter that contains representations from management to an auditor

Decision 03/2005/QBTC/standard 1000/appendix 1

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Materiality

In respect of accounting information, an omission, misstatement or nondisclosure that could adversely affect the decisions of the user in given circumstances

Trng yu.

Mathematical evidence

Audit evidence that results from recalculations by the auditor and comparisons of those results with client calculations.

Bng chng ton hc.

L thut ng dng th hin tm quan Decision trng ca mt thng tin hoc mt s liu 143/2001/Qtrong bo co ti chnh. BTC/ standard Thng tin c coi l trng yu c ngha l 400 /article 9 nu thiu thng tin hay thng tin thiu chnh xc th s nh hng n cc quyt nh ca ngi s dng bo co ti chnh. Mc trng yu tu thuc vo tm quan trng ca thng tin hay ca sai st c nh gi trong hon cnh c th. Tnh trng yu ca thng tin phi c xem xt c trn tiu chun nh lng v nh tnh. L bng chng kim ton c c da vo vic tnh ton li cc s liu c cung cp bi khch hng v so snh vi kt qu tnh ton ca chnh khch hng .

Mean - per unit method Modified auditor's report Monitoring

A sampling method where the amount Phng php Mt phng php ly mu m s lng being estimated is the average value of bnh qun c c tnh da trn gi tr trung bnh each sampling unit n v. ca mi n v mu. Issued when the audit opinion is qualified or when it is apporopriate for the auditor to draw attention to or emphasise a matter that is relevant to users In relation to controls, involves assessing the design and operation of controls on a timely basis and taking necessary corrective action Written comments concerning the auditor's consideration of the internal control structure. Bo co kim ton c sa i. Theo di. c a ra khi kim ton vin a ra kin chp nhn tng phn v thy thch hp thm on lu v mt vn ph hp cho ngi s dng. Gim st trong kim sot l vic nh gi 0 thit k v0 thc hin0 hot ng kim sot0 kp thi v a ra gii php iu chnh cn thit.

Narrative memoradum

Bin bn Nhng gp di hnh thc vn bn ca tng trnh. kim ton vin v c cu kim sot ni b.

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Nature of substantive procedures

Negligence

The type and effectiveness of the auditing procedures 0 to be performed. The types of substantive procedure are analytical procedures, tests of detail of transactions and test of details of balances. Not exercising due care

Ni dung ca th nghim c bn. Thiu ch

Loi hnh v tnh hiu qu ca th tc kim ton c tin hnh.Th nghim c bn gm quy trnh phn tch, cc kim tra chi tit cc nghip v, s d0 cc ti khon Thiu nng lc chuyn mn v tnh thn trng

Networking firm A firm that is associated or affiliated with another firm under the same management or ownership

Non-attest service

Non-audit services

L cc t chc chu s kim sot, quyn s Decision hu hoc qun l chung ca mt cng ty 87/2005/Qhoc bt c t chc no m bn th ba d BTC/article 28 dng kt lun c l mt phn ca cng ty trong phm vi quc gia hoc quc t, nh cng ty m, cng ty, chi nhnh, vn phng i din A service that does not result in the Dch v L dch v m kim ton vin hnh ngh expression of an opinion, negative khng phi khng cn a ra kin, m bo ph nh, assurance, a summary of findings, or dch v chng tm 0 tt nhng pht hin hay bt k hnh thc any other form of assurance by the thc m bo no khc. Phn ln cc dch v public accountant. Most non-attest khng phi dch v chng thc u c lin services are those provided in respect quan n dch v k ton, thu, t vn qun of traditional accounting and taxation, l, ph sn v khi phc kinh doanh management consulting or advice, and insolvency and business recovery Services that are not audit related. Dch v phi 0 L cc dch v khng lin quan n cng Examples are accounting, management kim ton vic kim ton nh k ton, t vn qun l, consulting and insolvency and business ph sn v khi phc kinh doanh recovery The component of audit risk that is not Ri ro ngoi due to examining only a portion of the ly mu data, such as through the use of inappropriate procedures or the misinterpretation of evidence L ri ro khi kim ton vin i n mt kt Decision lun sai v cc nguyn nhn khng lin quan 143/2001/Qn c mu. V d: kim ton vin c th s BTC/Standard dng th tc kim ton khng thch hp hay 530, article 9 kim ton vin hiu sai bng chng v khng nhn din c sai st.

Mng li cng ty

Non-sampling risk

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Non -statistical The use of judgement to determine Ly mu phi L phng php ly mu khng c mt hoc Decision sampling sample size and to0 interpret the results thng k c hai c im sau: a) Cc phn t c 143/2001/Qla chn ngu nhin vo mu; b) S dng l BTC/Standard thuyt xc sut thng k nh gi kt qu 530, article 11 mu, bao gm c vic nh lng ri ro ly mu. Observation The act of watching or witnessing the Quan st L vic theo di mt hin tng, mt chu Decision performance of some activity or trnh hoc mt th tc do ngi khc thc 219/2000/Qprocess hin (V d: Kim ton vin quan st vic BTC/Standard kim k thc t hoc quan st cc th tc 500, article 22 kim sot do n v tin hnh...). Occurrence An assertion relating to financial Pht sinh Mt nghip v hay mt s kin ghi chp Decision information that transactions did occur th phi xy ra v c lin quan n n v 219/2000/Qtrong thi k xem xt; BTC/Standard 500, article 14 Operating The extent to which laid-down control effectiveness of procedures are being complied with the control procedures Operational auditing Hiu qu hot Phm vi m cc qui trnh kim sot c ng ca qui a ra c tun th trnh kim sot Mt qu trnh c tnh h thng nh gi s hiu qu, hiu nng ca mt t chc v tnh tit kim trong vn hnh ca n di s kim sot ca ban lnh o, sau bo co n ngi c lin quan kt qu cuc nh gi Hnh ng m khch hng mi cng ty kim ton khc a ra kin v s bt ng gia ban qun tr ca khch hng vi kim ton vin v hch ton k ton. Hnh ng ny c th gy p lc cho kim ton vin phi a ra bo co chp nhn ton phn khi mt khch hng

Opinion shopping

A systematic process of evaluating an Kim ton organisation's effectiveness, efficiency hot ng and economy of operations under management's control, and then reporting to appropriate persons the results of the evaluation A practice whereby an audit client invites another firm of accountants to offer a second opinion on a disagreement the client's management has with the auditor over a proposed accounting treatment. This action can pressure the auditor to issue an unqualified auditor's report so as not to lose the audit to the second firm

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Oral evidence

Responses to oral enquiries of officers Bng chng0 L tr li ca vin chc v nhng nhn vin and key employees of the entity li ni ch cht ca n v cho nhng cu hi bng li

Organisational Ensure segregation of duties within the Kim sot t m bo s phn nh trch nhim trong ni controls information technology (IT) and chc b phng cng ngh thng tin v gia phng between IT and user departments cng ngh thng tin vi cc phng0 chc nng khc Overall review An overall review of financial statements so as to arrive at the conclusion that the financial information as a whole is consistent with the auditor's knowledge of the entity's business Parallel 0 A method of testing controls that simulation simulates the entity's processing of real data. Actual entity data are processed using auditor-controlled software. The output is then compared with the entity's actual output. Partner A member of a partnership of public practitioners. A partner has the overall and final responsibility of an audit engagement Pay-slips Sot xt tng Vic nh gi tng th bo co ti chnh th i n kt lun rng v mt tng th, thng tin ti chnh ph hp vi hiu bit ca kim ton vin v tnh hnh kinh doanh ca n v.

M phng L bin php th nghim m phng qu tng ng trnh x l d liu thc t ca n v. D liu thc t ca n v c x l bng phn mm kim sot ca kim ton. Phn d liu u ra ny sau c so snh vi d liu u ra thc t ca n v Gim c L ngi i din theo php lut cao nht (ngi ng ca cng ty kim ton v chu trch nhim u) cng ty cui cng i vi cng vic kim ton. kim ton),Partner Forms that indicate the make-up of an Phiu tr Biu mu trn ghi s tin ngi lao ng employees'current 0 0 period's net pay, and lng nhn c trong thi k hin ti v ch r that show the hours worked, gross tng s gi lm vic, tng s lng v cc wages and the payroll deductions khon gim tr S k ton chi tit ghi chp vic tnh ton v s tin lng tr cho mi ngi lao ng

Decision 28/2003/QBTC/standard 220/article 5

Payroll register A journal recording details of the Bng0 lng calculation and amount of wages paid to each employee

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Payroll A computer file recording details of transactions file wage payments paid to employees.

0 S tng hp

tin lng

Tp tin ghi chp chi tit s tin lng tr cho ngi lao ng

Performance audit

Performance reviews

An independent and systematic examination of the organisation, program or function for the purpose of (1) forming an opinion on whether it is being managed in an economical, efficient and effective manner, and (2) determining whether the internal procedures for promoting and monitoring economy, efficiency and effectiveness are adequate Management review and analysis of reports that summarise the detail of account balances, such as reports of sales activity, and of actual performance compared with budgets, forecasts or previous period amounts.

Kim ton hot ng

Mt qu trnh kim tra c lp v c h thng mt doanh nghip no nhm mc ch (1) hnh thnh kin rng doanh nghip ang c qun l mt cch tit kim, hiu qu v hiu nng v (2) xc nh rng qu trnh thc y v gim st tnh kinh t, s hiu qu v hiu nng ni b l ph hp. Decision 143/2001/QBTC/standard 400, art 26

Permanent file A permanent file that contains data useful in an audit on many future engagements

Th tc kim Cc th tc kim sot bao gm: Lp, kim sot tra, so snh v ph duyt cc s liu, ti liu lin quan n n v; Kim tra tnh chnh xc ca cc s liu tnh ton; Kim tra chng trnh ng dng v mi trng tin hc; Kim tra s liu gia s k ton tng hp v s k ton chi tit; Kim tra v ph duyt cc chng t k ton, ti liu k ton; i chiu s liu ni b vi bn ngoi; So snh, i chiu kt qu kim k thc t vi s liu trn s k ton; Gii hn vic tip cn trc tip vi cc ti sn v ti liu k ton;Phn tch, so snh gia s liu thc t vi d ton, k hoch. H s kim Tp tin c nh bao gm cc d liu hu ch ton chung cho nhiu cuc kim ton v sau

Decision 120/1999/Q 00 BTC/Standard 0 230, article 130

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Personnel data A computer file containing details of H s d liu Tp tin trn my tnh cha ng d liu v master file employees, such as wage rate and date gc v nhn nhn vin nh bc lng, ngy bt u lm of hiring vin vic Personnel file A record maintained by the personnel H s nhn department recording details of vin employees such as wage rate and date of hiring Controls that limit access to assets and Kim sot0 important records. Bn ghi chp lu li bi phng nhn s trong c cc chi tit v nhn vin nh bc lng v ngy0 tuyn dng H thng kim sot hn ch vic s dng ti sn hay truy cp vo nhng s liu quan trng Bng chng kim ton c c do kim tra thc t hay kim tra ti sn hu hnh

Physical controls

Physical evidence

Audit evidence obtained from physical Bng chng examination or inspection of tangibles thc t assets A detection risk that is considered tolerable

Planned detection risk

Ri ro pht L ri ro pht hin mc chp nhn c hin c tnh

Planning materiality

Materiality determined during the planning phase of the audit

Mc trng Mc trng yu c xc nh trong giai yu c tnh on lp k hoch cho cuc kim ton

Plant register

A record of plant and equipment items S khai bo containing such information as ti sn c description, supplier, serial number and nh location, as well as cost and depreciation charges that reconcile with the control account in the general ledger

S ghi chp0 ti sn c nh nh0 nh xng, my mc thit b bao gm nhng thng tin nh m 0 t ti sn, tn nh cung cp, s seri, v tr, nguyn gi,0 mc khu hao i chiu vi ti khon0 s ci

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Population

Transactions in a transaction class or items making up an account balance that the auditor believes to be consistent as far as the likelihood of deviation or misstatement of the type being sought is concerned

Predecessor Auditor

Preliminary assessment of control risk

Presentation and disclosure Privity of contract

L ton b d liu m t kim ton vin Decision ly mu c th i n mt kt lun. V 143/2001/Qd, tt c cc phn t trong mt s d ti BTC/Standard khon hay mt loi nghip v cu thnh mt 530, article 7 tng th. Mt tng th c th c chia thnh cc nhm hoc cc tng th con v mi nhm c kim tra ring. Trong trng hp ny, thut ng tng th bao hm c thut ng nhm. An auditor who has since been replaced Kim ton L kim ton vin hnh ngh thc hin Decision by a current auditor vin tin hp ng kim 87/2005/Qnhim ton hoc thc hin cng vic k ton, BTC, Code of thu, t vn cho khch hng k trc hoc ethics for cc k trc. professional accountants and auditors, General provisions, point 22 An assessment for the purpose of nh gi ban L nhng nh gi s b v tnh hiu qu obtaining a reasonable u v ri ro ca h thng kim sot ni b ca n v expectation as to the effectiveness of kim sot c kim ton, m t chng trnh kim controls such that the detailed audit ton chi tit s c thit lp da trn cc program can be designed under the chin lc kim ton ph hp. appropriate audit strategy. An assertion that components of Trnh by v Mt tiu chun ca c s dn liu ca bo Decision financial statements are cng b co ti chnh trong cc khon mc c 219/2000/Qpresented and disclosed in accordance phn loi, din t v cng b ph hp vi BTC, Standard with a financial reporting framework. chun mc v ch k ton hin hnh 500, point 14g (hoc c chp nhn) The contractual relationship that exists Quan h hp L mi quan h tn ti gia cc bn tham between two or more ng gia vo hp ng. contracting parties.

Tng th

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Professional ethics

Professional indemnity insurance Professional judgment

The written code of ethics put forward Chun mc L vn bn quy nh cc nguyn tc, ni Decision by a professional o c dung v hng dn p dng cc tiu chun 87/2005/Qbody. ngh nghip o c ngh nghip ca kim ton vin BTC, Code of hnh ngh v ngi lm kim ton trong cc ethics for doanh nghip v t chc nhm m bo t professional c nhng tiu chun cao nht v trnh accountants and chuyn mn, v mc hot ng v p auditors, ng c s quan tm ngy cng cao ca General cng chng. provisions, point 1 An insurance taken by a professional Bo him L loi hnh bo him trong ngi cung person to indemnify the assured against (trch nhim) cp dch v loss resulting from the proven ngh nghip chuyn nghip s phi bi thng nhng negligence of the professional person. thit hi gy ra bi s bt cn ca h. L s vn dng cc k nng, kin thc v kinh nghim ph hp v ti chnh k ton, kim ton, chun mc o c ngh nghip, php lut v cc quy nh c lin quan a ra quyt nh v cc hnh ng ph hp trong bi cnh ca cuc kim ton. L lng sai st trong tng th c c Decision tnh da trn t l 143/2001/Qsai st pht hin c trong mu kim ton. BTC, Standard 530, point 51 L kim ton vin hnh ngh (kim ton Decision vin hin thi hoc 87/2005/Qkim ton vin tin nhim) c khch hng BTC, Code of mi thc hin cc dch v lin quan n ethics for kim ton, k ton, thu, t vn hoc cc professional dch v tng t, hoc ngi c yu cu accountants and cung cp dch v t vn nhm muc ch p auditors, ng yu cu ca khch hng. General provisions, point 22.

An exercise of an opinion by an Xt on accountant or auditor that is chuyn mn based on the assumption that he or she has the professional skills and expertise to exercise due professional care and to be objective in providing advice or opinions on matters presented to him or her. Projected error Population error based on the Sai st d projection of error rate in the tnh trong sample tested. tng th Proposed auditor The incoming auditor who is appointed Kim ton to replace the vin c existing auditor. mi

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Purchases cutoff test

A substantive test of details of Th nghim transactions designed to kim tra obtain reasonable assurance that tnh ng k purchase transactions occurring near ca giao dch the end of the reporting period are mua hng recorded in accounting period in which the transactions occurred and that the corresponding entries for inventories are made in the same period. Qualified audit Expressed when the auditor concludes kin chp opinion that an unqualified nhn tng opinion cannot be expressed but that phn the effect of any scope limitation, disagreements with those charged with governance, or a conflict between applicable financial reporting frameworks is material but not extreme. Random selection Selection of sampling units from a population by the use of random number tables or computergenerated random numbers. Chn mu ngu nhin

L th nghim c bn v chi tit ca giao dch t c mc m bo hp l rng cc giao dch mua hng pht sinh vo gn cui nin k ton c ghi nhn ti thi k m giao dch pht sinh v cc bt ton hng tn kho tng ng cng c ghi nhn ti cng mt thi k. L kin c a ra trong trng hp Decision kim ton vin cho rng khng th a ra 120/1999/Qkin chp nhn ton phn, v nhng phn BTC, Standard khng chp nhn do khng ng vi Gim 700, point 39, c hay do cng vic kim ton b gii hn, 41 l quan trng nhng khng lin quan ti mt s lng ln cc khon mc ti mc c th dn n kin t chi, hoc kin khng chp nhn. L vic la chn cc phn t ca mu t mt tng th bng cch s dng bng s ngu nhin hoc mt chng trnh chn s ngu nhin.

Reasonable assurance engagement

Performed to provide a reasonable level Dch v m L dch v m trong kim ton vin hnh Decision of confidence in bo ngh a ra 87/2005/Qthe subject matter. kin kt lun nhm nng cao mc tin cy BTC,Code of ca ngi s dng thng tin. ethics for professional ccountants and auditors, General provisions, point 15

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Reasonable care Professionalism or due professional Nng lc and skill care and competence chuyn mn reasonably expected of a professional v tnh thn person (as opposed to a layperson) trng under the circumstances of the case. The professional is expected to have considered all facts (and their reliability) to arrive at a responsible and well-informed opinion on the matter. Recalculation

Kim ton vin phi thc hin cng vic kim ton vi y nng lc chuyn mn cn thit, vi s thn trng cao nht v tinh thn lm vic chuyn cn. Kim ton vin c nhim v duy tr, cp nht v nng cao kin thc trong hot ng thc tin, trong mi trng php l v nhng tin b k thut p ng yu cu cng vic.

Decision 87/2005/QBTC,Code of ethics for professional accountants and auditors, General provisions, point 39

Checking the mathematical accuracy of Tnh ton li L vic kim tra tnh chnh xc v mt ton records and hc ca s liu trn chng t, s k ton, documents. bo co ti chnh v cc ti liu lin quan khc. The main accounting records of an entity, in the form of journals and ledgers. S sch k ton L nhng ghi chp k ton quan trng ca n v di dng s chi tit v s ci.

Records

Regulation

The framework that provides the Php lut v support and control the cc quy market with the authority of either the nh government or the profession.

L nhng vn bn quy phm php lut do Decision cc c quan c 219/2000/Qthm quyn ban hnh (Quc hi, y ban BTC, Standard Thng v Quc hi, Ch tch nc, Chnh 250, point 6 ph, Th tng Chnh ph, cc B v c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph; vn bn lin tch ca cc c quan, t chc c thm quyn, Hi ng Nhn dn v y ban Nhn dn cc cp, v cc c quan khc theo quy nh ca php lut); cc vn bn do cp trn, hi ngh nghip, Hi ng qun tr v Gim c quy nh khng tri vi php lut, lin quan n hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh v qun l kinh t, ti chnh k, ton thuc lnh vc ca n v.

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Related party transactions

Transactions consummated by related Giao dch parties (that is, by gia cc bn parties who are involved in an lin quan economic action or the event to the extend that 'arm's length' bargaining of terms is not possible). Re-performance Recalculating or reconciling financial Tnh ton data. This process also involves recording certain aspects of the processing of selected transactions. Representation A request of the entity's lawyers to Th yu cu letter to confirm the chuyn gia a lawyer reasonableness of management's t vn php estimates of the likely financial lut ca n settlement of legal matters and the v completeness of legal matters identified by management. Review-level engagement

L vic chuyn giao cc ngun lc hay cc Decision ngha v gia cc bn lin quan, khng xt 195/2003/Qn vic c tnh gi hay khng. BTC, Standard 550, point 6

L vic kim tra tnh chnh xc v mt ton Decision hc ca s liu trn chng t, s k ton, 219/2000/Qbo co ti chnh v cc ti liu lin quan BTC, Standard khc hay vic thc hin cc tnh ton c 500, point 25 lp ca kim ton vin. L th do n v c kim ton k v do Decision kim ton vin gi i trong yu cu 28/2003/Qchuyn gia t vn php lut ca n v xc BTC, Standard nhn tnh hp l trong cc nh gi ca 501, point 39 Gim c n v c kim ton v hu qu ca cc v kin tng, tranh chp v c tnh nh hng v mt ti chnh ca v vic , k c cc chi ph php l c lin quan. An assurance service in which an Cng tc sot L cng tc gip cho kim ton vin v Decision auditor provides a xt bo cng ty kim ton 195/2003/Qmoderate level of assurance. It is a co ti chnh da trn c s cc th tc sot xt a ra BTC, Standard lower level of assurance than that kin kt lun l khng (hoc c) pht hin 910, point 3. provided in an audit. The outcome of a ra s kin trong yu no lm cho kim ton review-level engagement is a statement vin cho rng bo co ti chnh khng c of negative assurance. lp ph hp vi Chun mc k Vit Nam (hoc chun mc k ton c chp nhn), xt trn mi kha cnh trng yu (m bo va phi). Cng tc sot xt bo co ti chnh khng cung cp tt c cc bng chng kim ton v cng khng a ra s m bo hp l nh mt cuc kim ton bo co ti chnh.

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Rights and obligations

Mt tiu chun ca c s dn liu ca bo co ti chnh trong mt ti sn hay mt khon n phn nh trn bo co ti chnh n v phi c quyn s hu hoc phi c trch nhim hon tr ti thi im lp bo co. Risk assessment A process whereby management nh gi ri L qu trnh ban qun tr nhn nh cc ri identifies risks pertaining to the entity ro ro lin quan n doanh nghip thc hin in order to put effective controls into cc bin php kim sot hiu qu nhm0 operation to control those risks kim sot ri ro. 0 Risk management The entire culture, process and system Kim sot ri L tng th bao gm vn ha doanh nghip, establishes to manage opportunities and ro cc quy trnh v h thng c thit lp minimize or control risks tn dng ti a c hi v gim thiu hoc kim sot ri ro. Ri ro chp nhn sai Ri ro pht sinh khi mu kim ton trong kim tra chi tit cc s d ch ra kt lun rng s d ti khon ghi0 khng c sai phm trng yu trong khi thc t c sai phm trng yu. Ri ro loi b Ri ro pht sinh khi mu kim ton trong sai kim tra c bn v chi tit cc s d ch ra kt lun rng s d ti khon ghi l c sai phm trng yu trong khi thc t khng c sai phm trng yu. Ri ro v Ri ro khi nh gi ri ro kim sot qu thp tin cy qu cao Ri ro v Ri ro khi nh gi ri ro kim sot qu cao tin cy qu thp

An assertion that entity holds or controls the rights to assets and that liabilities are the obligations of the entity

Quyn v ngha v

Decision 219/2000/QBTC, Standard 500, point 14b.

Risk of incorrect Risk that arises when the sample in a acceptance substantive test of details supports the conclusion that the recorded account balance is not materially misstated when it is materially misstated Risk of incorrect Risk that arises when the sample in a rejection substantive test of details supports the conclusion that the recorded account balance is materially misstated when it is not materially misstated Risk of The risk of assessing control risk as overreliance being too low

Risk of underreliance

The risk of assessing control risk as being too high

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Roll-forward testing

Analytical procedures or tests of details Kim tra of transactions performed on cun tin transactions that occur between the date of testing (when testing is done before the end of the year) and the end of the reporting period Sales cut-off test A substantial procedures designed to Th nghim obtain reasonable assurance that sales kim tra and accounts receivable are recorded in tnh ng k the accounting period in which the ca giao dch transactions occurred, and that the bn hng corresponding entries for inventories and cost of sales are made in the same period Sales journal A journal listing completed sales S nht k transactions bn hng

L quy trnh phn tch hoc kim tra chi tit not sure cc giao dch pht sinh gia ngy kim tra (kim tra c tin hnh trc khi kt thc nin ) v cui thi k bo co. L th nghim c bn c thit lp m bo hp l rng doanh thu bn hng0 v cc khon phi thu c ghi trong thi k k ton m cc giao dch pht sinh; v cc bt ton v hng tn kho v0 gi vn 0hng bn tng ng c thc hin trong cng k. S k ton lit k cc giao dch bn hng pht sinh.

Sales return cut- A substantial procedures designed to off test obtain reasonable assurance that sales returns are accounted for in the period in which the original sales transaction occurred Sales A computer file listing details of all transactions file sales transactions

Th nghim kim tra tnh ng k ca hng bn tr li 0 S tng hp bn hng

L th nghim c bn c thit lp m bo hp l rng hng tr li c ghi nhn trong thi k giao dch bn hng ban u thc s pht sinh. D liu my tnh lit k chi tit cc giao dch bn hng pht sinh.

Sampling interval

The interval between successive sampling units selected for testing where systematic selection is being applied

Khong cch L khong cch gia hai n v ly mu lin Decision ly mu tip c tnh bng cch chia s lng phn 143/2001/Qt ca tng th cho c mu. BTC, Standard 530, Appendix 03, point b.

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Sampling risk

The possibility that a properly drawn sample may, by chance, not be representative of the population

Ri ro ly mu

L kh nng kt lun ca kim ton vin da Decision trn kim tra mu c th khc vi kt lun 143/2001/Qm kim ton vin t c nu kim tra BTC, Standard trn ton b tng th vi cng mt th tc. 530, point 08

Sampling unit

Items making up a transaction class or n v ly account balance out of which the mu sample is to be selected for testing

Segregation of duties

Procedures that ensure individuals do not perform incompatible duties

L cc phn t ring bit cu thnh tng th. Decision n v ly mu c th l mt n v tin t, 143/2001/Qmt n v hin vt hoc s lng. BTC, Standard V d: cc sc trong bng k np tin, cc 530, point 10 nghip v ghi C trn s ph ngn hng, Ha n bn hng hoc s d N cc khon phi thu khch hng. Phn tch0 Quy trnh m bo cc c nhn khng thc trch nhim hin cc nhim v chng cho nhau.

Selective testing The examination of specific items Kim tra within a population based on the chn lc auditor's knowledge of the business and the characteristics of the population being tested Statistical Sampling that uses probability theory to Ly mu sampling determine sample size and to interpret thng k the results Stocktake/ The process of ascertaining inventory physical quantities by count, weight or inventory count measurement Stratification Subdivision of a population, such as monetary value. The sub-population 0 need to be defined so sampling units can belong only to one stratum

L vic kim tra cc phn t trong mt tng th da vo hiu bit ca kim ton vin v doanh nghip v c tnh ca tng th c kim tra. Decision 143/2001/QBTC, Standard 530, point 11

L phng php ly mu c hai c im sau: (1) cc phn t c la chn ngu nhin vo mu, (2) s dng l thuyt xc sut thng k nh gi kt qu mu, bao gm c vic nh lng ri ro ly mu. Kim k0 hng L qu trnh xc minh s lng hng tn tn kho kho bng cch cn, o ong, m.

Phn nhm

L vic phn chia tng th thnh cc tng Decision th con hoc cc nhm, mi tng th con 143/2001/Qhoc mi nhm l mt tp hp cc n v BTC, Standard ly mu c cng tnh cht (thng l ch tiu 530, point 12 gi tr).

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Subsequent events

Subsequent period's bank statement

Substantive procedures

Systematic selection

Events occurring between the period Cc s kin L nhng s kin c nh hng n bo co Decision end and the date of auditor's report, and pht sinh sau ti chnh pht sinh trong khong thi gian 28/2003/Qfacts discovered after the date of the ngy kha s t sau ngy kha s k ton lp bo co ti BTC, Standard auditor's report k ton lp chnh kim ton n ngy k bo co 560, point 04 bo co ti kim ton; v nhng s kin c pht hin chnh sau ngy k bo co kim ton. The first bank statement issued after the Bn sao k ti Bn sao k ti khon u tin c cng b0 end of the reporting period that is used khon ca sau k bo co c kim ton vin s dng by the auditor to verify the existence of ngn hng xc minh s tn ti ca cc khon tin 0 outstanding deposits and unpresented trong0 k tip ang chuyn v cc sc cha0 thanh ton cheques listed on the bank theo c lit k trong bn i chiu0 s d ngn reconciliation as at end of the reporting hng vo cui thi k bo co. period Procedures that provide evidence as to Th nghim L vic kim tra thu thp bng chng Decision the substance of management's c bn (kim kim ton lin quan n bo co ti chnh 219/2000/Qfinancial statement assertions. tra c bn) nhm pht hin ra nhng sai st trng yu BTC, Standard lm nh hng n bo co ti chnh. Th 500, point 07 nghim c bn gm: (1) kim tra chi tit cc nghip v v s d, (2) quy trnh phn tch. Selection of sampling units from a La chn L phng php la chn cc phn t ca Decision population at regular intervals known theo h thng mu trong trc ht xc nh khong 143/2001/Qas the sampling interval cch ly mu c tnh bng cch chia s BTC, Standard lng phn t ca tng th cho c mu; sau 530, Appendix chn im xut pht bt k ca phn t 03, point b. u tin v c th cch mt s lng phn t bng khong cch ly mu xc nh s chn mt phn t vo mu.

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Technical review A review by a partner or manager to Sot xt k L cng vic ca kim ton vin v cng ty Decision ensure that the form and content of thut (bo kim ton da trn c s cc th tc sot xt 193/2003/ financial statements are in accordance co ti chnh) a ra kin kt lun l khng (hoc c) Q-BTC, with accounting standard, the pht hin ra s kin trng yu no lm cho Standard 910 Corporations Act and Australian kim ton vin cho rng bo co ti chnh Securities Exchange requirement khng c lp ph hp vi chun mc k (where applicable) ton Vit Nam (hoc chun mc k ton c chp nhn), xt trn mi kha cnh trng yu (m bo va phi). Cng tc sot xt bo co ti chnh khng cung cp tt c cc bng chng kim ton v cng khng a ra s m bo hp l nh mt cuc kim ton bo co ti chnh. Test data A method of testing controls in a Phng php L mt trong nhng phng php th approach computerized information system th nghim nghim kim sot c s dng khi mi environment. The auditor prepares d liu trng h thng d liu thng tin c iu fictious transactions and has these khin bng my vi tnh. Cng vic ca kim tested using the entity's software. The ton vin l chun b nhng nghip v gi output from processing test data is then tng v dng nhng nghip v ny th compared with the expected output. nghim trn phn mm ca cng ty c kim ton. Kt qu t qu trnh th nghim d liu sau c em so snh vi kt qu c mong i lc ban u. Tests of controls Audit tests performed to provide Th nghim Kim ton vin phi thc hin cc th Decision evidence about the effectiveness of the kim sot nghim kim sot thu thp y bng 143/2001/ design and operations of internal chng v tnh hiu qu ca h thng k ton Q-BTC, controls v h thng kim sot ni b trn cc Standard 400, phng din: point 33 - Thit k: H thng k ton v h thng kim sot ni b ca n v c thit k sao cho c kh nng ngn nga, pht hin v sa cha cc sai st trng yu; - Thc hin: H thng k ton v h thng kim sot ni b tn ti v hot ng mt cch hu hiu trong sut thi k xem xt.

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Tests of details of account balances

Substantive procedures to obtain Kim tra chi evidence directly about an account tit s d cc balance rather than about the individual khon mc debits or credits in an account, to reach a conclusion about the account balance Tests of details Tests to obtain evidence of a sample or Kim tra chi of transactions all of individual debits or credits in an tit cc account, to reach a conclusion about the nghip v account balance Third parties Parties other than a contracting party Bn th 3

L mt th nghim c bn thu thp trc tip bng chng v s d ca mt ti khon0 rt ra kt lun v tnh chnh xc ca s d ca ti khon. L th nghim thu thp bng chng v mt phm vi mu hoc0 ton b pht sinh0 n v0 c ca mt ti khon, rt ra kt lun v tnh chnh xc ca s d ti khon. L cc i tng i tng khng phi cc bn tham gia k kt hp ng

Time budget

The estimated amount of time required Qu thi gian L thi gian d tnh cc thnh vin ban at each staff level (partner, manager, kim ton ( cc cp ) hon thnh cng senior and staff0 assistants) to complete vic kim ton ca mnh each part of audit The time at which substanttive 0 Lch trnh procedures are performed relative to the thc hin cc end of the reporting period th nghim c bn

Timing of substantive procedures

Khi thc hin cc th nghim c bn giai Decision on gia k, kim ton vin phi thc hin 101/2005/ cc th nghim c bn b sung hoc cc th Q-BTC, nghim c bn kt hp vi cc th nghim Standard 330, kim sot bao qut c c giai on cn point 58 li nhm to ra c s hp l cho vic m rng phm vi kt lun ca kim ton vin t giai on gia k cho n giai on cui k. Tolerable error The maximum error in the population Sai phm c L mc sai phm ti a trong mt tng th Decision that the auditor can accept as being th b qua m kim ton vin v cng ty kim ton c 143/2001/ consistent with the conclusion that th chp nhn c. Sai phm c th b qua Q-BTC, sample results confirm achievement of l sai phm di mc trng yu. Standard 530, the audit objective point 13 Tracing Following through a transaction from i chiu L theo di mt nghip v t ngun chng not sure source of documents to accounting t ca nghip v y n h s k ton ca records nghip v.

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Transactions

Exchange of assets and services 0 Giao dch between an entity and outside parties, as well as the transfer use of assets and services within an entity. A term that is synonymous with "fairly Phn nh presented". It is used when expressing a trung thc v fair opinion on financial statements hp l when required by the Corporation Act

L vic trao i ti sn v dch v gia mt thc th v nhng i tng bn ngoi, cng nh vic chuyn giao s dng ca ti sn v dch v trong mt thc th.

True and fair view

Truth and fairness

Ngha l kin ca kim ton vin a ra Decision trn bo co kim ton mt s m bo chc 120/1999/ chn rng bo co ti chnh phn nh Q-BTC, trung thc v hp l trn cc kha cnh Standard 700, trng yu; nhng khng m bo tuyt i point 7 rng khng c bt k mt sai st no trn bo co ti chnh c kim ton. The expectation that financial Trung thc v Ngha l bo co ti chnh c chun b statements are objectively prepared hp l mt cch khch quan da trn0 nguyn tc v based on generally accepted accounting cc phng php k ton c0 tha nhn practices and methods and are rng ri v0 phn nh trung thc v0 bn cht representative of the true economic v gi tr kinh t ca giao dch pht sinh0 transactions and values

Underlying Information about economic actions Nhng d L nhng thng tin v cc hot ng v s accounting data and events contained in the accounting kin k ton kin kinh t c ghi trong cc h s k records of an entity cung cp ton ca mt thc th. Unmodified An auditor's opinion on a generalauditor's report purpose financial report prepared in accordance with a financial reporting framework designed to achieve fair presentation that states that financial report "gives a true and fair view" or "presents fairly, in all material respects", in accordance with the applicable reporting framework Bo co kim ton vi kin chp nhn ton phn L kin ca kim ton vin khi bo co ti Decision chnh phn nh trung thc v hp l trn cc 120/1999/ kha cnh trng yu tnh hnh ti chnh ca Q-BTC, n v c kim ton, v ph hp vi Standard 700, chun mc v ch k ton Vit Nam hin point 35 hnh (hoc c chp nhn).

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Unqualified opinion

Expresses the auditor's belief that the kin chp financial statements accomplish the nhn ton stated purpose by presenting a true and phn fair view of the entity's financial position (balance sheet), its financial performance (income statement) and its cash flow

Valuation and allocation

Vouching

An assertion that assets, liabilities, and nh gi v equity interests are included in the phn b financial report at appropriate amounts and any resulting valuation or allocation adjustments are appropriately recorded Selecting entries in the accounting Xc minh records, and obtaining and inspecting the documentation that served as the basis for entries

kin chp nhn ton phn c trnh by Decision trong trng hp kim ton vin v cng ty 120/1999/ kim ton cho rng bo co ti chnh phn Q-BTC, nh trung thc v hp l trn cc kha cnh Standard 700, trng yu tnh hnh ti chnh ca n v point 35 c kim ton, v ph hp vi chun mc v ch k ton Vit Nam hin hnh (hoc c chp nhn). kin chp nhn ton phn cng c hm rng tt c cc thay i v nguyn tc k ton v cc tc ng ca chng c xem xt, nh gi mt cch y v c n v nu r trong phn thuyt minh bo co ti chnh. L mt c s dn liu trong ti sn, n v0 which li ch s hu c ghi trong bo ci ti starndard? chnh mt gi tr ph hp v bt k iu chnh no v nh gi v phn b cng c ghi li mt cch hp l. L la chn nhng bt ton trong s k 0 not sure ton; tp hp v kim tra chng t lin quan n nhng bt ton . L nhng chng t c lu trn giy, trn phim, hoc cc phng tin in t khc, bao gm bng chng kim ton c kim ton vin dng gip a ra kin kim ton.

Working paper Documentation stored on paper, film or Giy t lm in electronic media containing audit vic evidence in support of the audit opinion

5. Limitation and conclusion This research, based on current laws and regulations on audit and secondary data, is establishing a glossary of audting terms and Vietnamese equivalents. In the process of doing the research, there were some drawbacks that we had to deal with. First, some terms can not be found in Vietnam auditing standards because normally, the procedures relating to the terms are not in auditing pratices in

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Vietnam. Second, due to time limit and lack of real auditing experiences, there might be some problems with translation. These problems hopefully can be solved in the further study on this topic. Overall, we hope that this research is the useful basic material for students, especially future accouting students in FMT to help a better and more practical understanding of auditing subject.

6. References

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2009. Window dressing. Ti chnh u t, [internet] 12 September. Available at: http://www.taichinhdautu.com/2009/12/ window-dressing.html [Accessed 24 October 2010]

Ahu, 2007. Qun l cht lng ng b (TQM). Saga [internet] 28 September. Available at URL: http://www.saga.vn/ Kynangquanly/Lythuyetquantri/6426.saga [accessed October 23 2010]

Arens, B. Shailer, F. & Elder, B., Auditing, 2010. AUDITING, Assurance Services and Ethics in Australia. 8th ed. Australia: Pearson.

Decision 03/2005/Q-BTC Decision 101/2005/Q-BTC Decision 120/1999/Q-BTC Decision 143/2001/Q-BTC Decision 193/2003/Q-BTC Decision 219/2000/Q-BTC Decision 28/2003/Q-BTC Decision 87/2005/Q-BTC

Hi, N.V 2007. Kim ton ni b: Bo v gi tr doanh nghip. Thnh t, [online]. 4. Available at URL: http://www.vaahcmc.org.vn/index.php?o=modules&n=specialsubject&f=detail&id=621 [Accessed Octember 23 2010]

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Johns Company, 2010. Phn mm kim ton tng qut [online]. Available at URL: http://www.johns-company.com/index.php? lang=vi&cat=166&month=2010-04&id=76654 [accessed October 23 2010]

Law on government audit 37/2005/ QH11

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