S GD&T TNH KHNH HA

TRNG THPT NGUYN CH THANH

~~~~~

H tn GV hng dn: NGUYN TH QUYN

H tn sinh vin:
L CNG
SV ca trng i hc: Quy Nhn
Ngy son :
05/03/2011
Tit dy:
1

BI DY:

~~~~~

T chuyn mn:
Mndy
:
Nm hc
:
Th/ngy ln lp:
Lp dy : 10A7

Ha Sinh
Hahc
2010 -2011
Th 5 / ngy 10/03/2011

HP CHT C OXI CA LU HUNH

I.Mc ch:
1.Kin thc:
-Hc sinh bit:+ CTCT, tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin, tnh cht oxit axit,ng dng,phng php iu ch SO2
+ CTCT, tnh cht vt l,ng dng,phng php iu ch SO3,H2SO4
+ Tnh cht ca mui sunfat,nhn bit ion sunfat.
-Hc sinh hiu: +Cu to phn t,tnh cht ha hc ca SO2
+H2SO4 c nng c tnh oxi ha mnh
2.K nng:
- Quan st th nghim,hnh nh,rt ra c nhn xt v tnh cht,iu ch SO2,H2SO4
- Vit phng trnh ha hc minh ha tnh cht v iu ch.
-Phn bit mui sunfat,axit sunfuric vi cc axit v mui khc.
-Gii bi tp lin quan
II.Chun b:
1.Gio vin:
-My tnh,my chiu,phiu hc tp.
2.Hc sinh:
- n tp v kin thc c hc chng 6
-c trc bi mi.
III.Thit k hot ng ca gio vin v hc sinh.

Thi Ni dung
gian

Hot ng ca gio vin

Bi 45 HP CHT C OXI CA LU HUNH

1ph

I.Lu hunh ioxit

II.Lu hunh trioxit

III.Axit sunfuric
1.Cu to phn t.
5ph

hay H O

S
H

O
S

-Trong hp cht H2SO4,S c s oxi ha cc i l +6.

5ph

20p
h

2.Tnh cht vt l:
-L cht lng,snh nh du,khng mu,khng bay hi
-Nng gp 2 ln nc (H2SO4 98% c D= 1.84g/cm3)
-H2SO4 c c tnh ht m,khi tan trong nc ta ra mt
lng nhit ln.
-H2SO4 c dng lm kh khng kh m
Ch :khi pha long axit th phi rt t t axit vo
nc,khng c lm ngc li.
3.Tnh cht ha hc.
a.Tnh cht ca dung dch axit sunfuric long.
-Axit sunfuric long c tnh cht chung ca axit.
*Lu :axit sunfuric l axit 2 ln axit nn khi phn ng vi
dd bazo th c kh nng to 2 mui:mui axit v mui trung
ha.

Hot ng 1
Chng ta bit hn mt na lng lu hunh
khai thc trn th gii dng sn xut axit
sunfuric iu ny chng t axit sunfuric c
vai tr rt quan trng i vi nn kinh t
quc dn.Vy axit sunfuric c tnh cht vt
l,tnh cht ho hc g?Ngi ta tin hnh
sn xut axit sunfuric trong cng nghip ra
sao?Bi hc hm nay s gip chng ta tm
hiu cc vn ny.
Hot ng 2:
-Gv: cho hc sinh quan st m hnh phn t
H2SO4,yu cu hs vit cu hnh electron ca
lu hunh trng thi kch thch ca lu
hunh.t em hy vit cng thc electron
v cng thc cu to ca H2SO4.
-Gv: yu cu hs nhn xt cc loi lin kt
ha hc v s oxi ha ca lu hunh trong
phn t H2SO4
Hot ng 2
-Gv: cho hs quan st l ng dung dch
H2SO4,kt hp vi sgk e hy nu mt s
tnh cht vt l ca axit H2SO4
-Gv:cho hs quan st th nghim cho axit c
vo nc v th nghim pha long axit
sunfuric c.
-Gv:vy lm th no pha long axit
sunfuric c?v sao khng c lm ngc
li?
Hot ng 3
-Gv:Khi pha long axit sunfuric vo nc
th di tc dng ca dung mi nc,lin
kt O-H b ion ha v phn cc mnh,lm
axit sunfuric c tnh axit mnh.
-Gv: tnh cht ca axit long c

Hot ng ca hc sinh

-Hs: vit cu hnh electron

trng thi kch thch ca lu
hunh v vit cng thc
electron,cng thc cu to ca
phn t H2SO4
-Hs:+l.kt phn cc S-O,O- H
+s oxi ha ca S l +6
+lin kt cho nhn S O
-Hs:quan st,kt hp sgk nu
tnh cht vt l ca axit
sunfuric.

-Hs: tr li

b.Tnh cht ca axit sunfuric c.

*Tnh oxi ha mnh goc SO42-Axit sunfuric c,nng c tnh oxi ha rt mnh,n oxi ha
c hu ht cc kim loi (tr Au,Pt),phi kim C,S,P.. v
nhiu hp cht khc.
+Tc dng vi kim loi:
0
+6
+2
+4
Cu + 2H2SO4 ac CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0

+6

+3

+4

2Fe + 6H2SO4 () Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 6H2O

Lu : Al,Fe,Cr b th ng ho trong axit H2SO4 c,ngui
t)

+Tc dng vi phi kim

0

+6

+4

S + 2H2SO4 () t 3SO2 + 6H2O

)

C +2 H 2 S O4 c C O2 +2 S O2 + 2 H 2 O
+Tc dng vi mt s hp cht:
0

+6

+4

+4

hc,em hy nhc li cc tnh cht ca mt

axit long.
-Gv:v nh cc em hy vit cc phng
trnh phn ng minh ha cho cc tnh
cht .
-Gv: s oxi ho ca S trong H2SO4 l ti a
(+6) nn H2SO4 ch th hin tnh oxi ho
mnh. Nhng do S trng thi lai ho sp3
kh bn nn H2SO4 ch th hin tnh oxi
ho khi c v nht l khi c nng,cn khi
long th n b mt hn tnh cht ny.
-Gv:axit sunfuric c c kh nng oxi ha
hu ht cc kim loi,tr Au v Pt.
-Gv:cho hs quan st th nghim v yu cu
hs vit ptp gia axit sunfuric c v kim
loi,yu cu hs vit ptp xy ra.Xc nh s
oxi ha.
-Gv: Al,Fe,Cr b th ng ho trong axit
H2SO4 c,ngui.
-Gv:axit sunfuric c tc dng c hu ht
cc kim loi,vy lm sao vn chuyn
chng?
-Gv:axit sunfuric c cn c kh nng tc
dng vi mt s phi kim v hp cht khc.
-Gv:cho hs xem phn ng H2SO4 + HI
-Gv:cho hs vit cc ptp xy ra,x.nh s
oxi ha

-Hs:nhc li cc tnh cht ca

axit long.

-Hs:quan st hin tng,vit

phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

-Gv:dng cc bn lm t Al
hay Fe.

-Hs:vit cc phn ng xy
ra,xc nh cc s oxi ha.

0
1
2 H I + H 2 S O4 c I 2 + H 2 S +2 H 2 O
+6

*Tnh ho nc
-Axit H2SO4 c chim nc kt tinh ca nhiu mui
hirt(mui ngm nc) hoc chim nc ca nhiu hp
cht:
C12H22O11 + H2SO4 () t 12C
+ H2SO4 () . 11H2O
sau o :
0

0
+6
+4
+4
C + 2H2SO4 () t CO2 +2SO2 + 6H2O
)

-Gv:ngoi tnh oxi ha,axit sunfuric c cn

c tnh cht no na khng,em hy quan st
th nghim sau.cho hs quan st th nghim
axit sunfuric tc dng vi ng.gii thch
v vit phng trnh phn ng.
-Gv:a ra nhn xt:
Nhn xt:
- H2SO4 ac tc dng vi hu ht cc kim
loi tr Au,Pt.

-Hs:nu hin tng,vit phn

ng xy ra

*Nhn xt:
- H2SO4 ac tc dng vi hu ht cc kim loi tr Au,Pt.
- H2SO4 ac tc dng vi mt s phi kim nh S,C,P.
- H2SO4 ac, nguoi khng tc dng vi Al,Fe,Cr.
- H2SO4 ac, nong tc dng vi kim loi nhiu ha tr a v
ha tr cao nht.
axit H2SO4 c th hin tnh oxi ho ion SO42 trong
+6

+4

S ( SO42 ) S (H2S), S , S (SO2)

- H2SO4 ac c tnh ho nc nn gy bng nng khi tip
xc da tht,ph hy vi,giy,.
4.ng dng: (sgk).

2ph
5ph

5.Sn xut axit sunfuric

Nguyn liu: FeS2 hoc S.
Phng php tip xc gm 3 giai on chnh:
a) Sn xut SO2:
to
- T FeS2: 4 FeS 2 + 11O2
2 Fe2O3 + 8SO2
o

4ph

t
- T S : S + O2
SO2
b) Sn xut SO3:
V2O5 ,400 450o C
2 SO2 + O2
2 SO3
c) Sn xut H2SO4:
- Hp th:
H2SO4 (98,3%) + nSO3 H2SO4.nSO3 (oleum).
- Pha long:
H2SO4.nSO3 + nH2O (n+1)H2SO4
6. Mui sunfat v nhn bit ion sunfat
a) Mui sunfat
- 2 loi:
+ mui trung ho: MgSO4, BaSO4,
+ mui axit: NaHSO4, Ca(HSO4)2,
- Phn ln mui sunfat u tan, tr BaSO4, CaSO4, PbSO4,
b) Nhn bit ion sunfat
- Thuc th: L dd cha hp cht ca bari.
VD: dd BaCl2, Ba(NO3)2,...
- Hin tng: BaSO4 trng.

- H2SO4 ac tc dng vi mt s phi kim

nh S,C,P.
- H2SO4 ac, nguoi khng tc dng vi
Al,Fe,Cr.
- H2SO4 ac, nong tc dng vi kim loi
nhiu ha tr a v ha tr cao nht.
axit H2SO4 c th hin tnh oxi ho
+6
2
ion SO42 trong S ( SO42 ) S (H2S),
0

+4

S , S (SO2)

- H2SO4 ac c tnh ho nc nn gy
bng nng khi tip xc da tht,ph hy
vi,giy
Hot ng 4
-Gv:cho hs xem mt s ng dng ca axit
sunfuric.
Hot ng 5
-Gv:cho hs xem s sn xut axit sunfuric
trong cng nghip.thuyt trnh v s ,yu
cu hc hs vit cc Phng trnh phn ng
trong s sn xut.

Hot ng 6
*-Gv:Mui sunfat l mui ca axit H2SO4.
Vy axit H2SO4 c th to thnh my loi
mui sunfat? Cho VD v gi tn?
-Gv: Da vo bng tnh tan, hy cho bit
tnh tan ca cc mui sunfat?

-Hs:xem s sn xut axit

sunfuric,vit cc phn ng xy
ra trong s .

- 2 loi:
+ mui trung ho: MgSO4,
BaSO4,
+ mui axit: NaHSO4,
Ca(HSO4)2,
-Phn ln mui sunfat u tan,

* Lu : - tt c cc mui hirosunfat u
tan.
- a s cc mui sunfat khng tan u c
mu trng.
-Gv: t tnh tan ca mui sunfat,em hy cho
bit c th dng thuc th no nhn ra
ion sunfat? Hin tng l g?

tr BaSO4, CaSO4, PbSO4,

- L dd cha hp cht ca bari
Hin tng: c kt ta trng.

3.Cng c kin thc (3ph)

V.Rt kinh nghim,b sung
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.
VI.Nhn xt ca gv hng dn
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.
Ngy.......thng.........nm 2011
DUYT GIO N CA GV HNG DN
(K,ghi r h tn)

Ngy.........thng........nm 2011
SINH VIN THC TP
(K,ghi r h tn)