Prepared by: Muhammad Riaz Arain

Composed by: Altaf A Sheikh

ISLAMIC HISTORY AND CULTURE - II STUDY PLAN ACCORDING TO QUESTION ANALYSIS OF PAST PAPERS STUDY AREA I: MUSLIMS IN SPAIN A) Muslim Rulers in Spain and Their Rule 2010 - Abdur Rehman al nasir was unquestionably the ablest and most gifted of all the Umayyad sovereigns who have ruled in Spain. Discuss 2010 - The battle which gave Abdur Rehman Ad dakhil the throne was fought at Masarah proved a second MARJ-RAHAT (Ameer Ali) 2009 - Give an account of the conquest of Spain; who made it a stable and prosperous Muslim state? 2009 - What fate did Tariq bin Ziyad and Musa bin Nusayr meet after their invasion of Spain? 2008 - The entrance of the new rulers like Muslims was a demand of Muslim Society at the advent of 8th century. Comment 2005 - How did Abdu-al-Rehman-al-Dakhil conquer Spain? Highlight his contributions to social welfare of the people of his country. 2004 - Explain the causes and events of the expansion of Muslim rule in Spain during the Umayyad period. 2002 - Analyze the character of Abdur-al-Rehman III as a man, administrator and as patron of art and literature. 2001 - Explain the reasons of the conquest of Spain at the hands of Arabs, especially mentioning the arrival of Tariq bin Zjyad in that country. 2001 - Examin the political and dynastical factors leading to the final collapse of the Muslim rule in Al-Andulas. 2000 - What kind of Muslim administration and society developed in Spain during the Umayyad governors of Spain (714-756)? Discuss 2000 - What were the reasons for the downfall of the Muslim rule in Spain? Discuss. 1998 - Describe the grandeur and progress of Spain during the reign of Abdur Rehman-III 1998 - Describe the main features of the central administration under the UMMAYADS of SPAIN. 1998 - Discuss the political, social and economic conditions of Spain at the time of Muslim conquests.

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Prepared by: Muhammad Riaz Arain

Composed by: Altaf A Sheikh

1991 - Discuss the character and achievements of HISHAM I of CORDOVA.

MAIN FOCUS OF STUDY AREA-I (A): a- Political, social, economic and religious conditions of Spain before Muslim conquest. b- Reasons and the events of the conquest of Spain by Muslims with special reference to Tariq Bin Ziyad and Musa Bin Nusayr. c- Character and achievements of: -Abdur Rehman I -Hisham I -Abdur Rehman II -Abdur Rehman III d- Administration and Social development in Spain by Muslim rulers. e- Causes of the downfall of Muslim rule in Spain B) Muslim Art, Architecture, Knowledge, Sciences, Philosophy, History in Spain 2010 - Write comprehensive note on Muslim architecture in Spain with special reference of QASR AZ ZAHRA and AL HAMBRA 2010 - Discuss the main features of Muslim contributions to philosophy in Spain with brief notes on any three important philosophers of that period 2009-write a note on Muslims contributions in Spain in natural or social sciences. 2009-How did Imam MAliks Muwatta leave a strong impact in Spain? Discuss. 2008- Give an analytical study of the evolution of the Muslim Architecture from the mosque of cordova upto the Alhamra of Granada 2007- Highlight the achievements of Ibn Khaldun and Ibn Rushd. 2006- Write a comprehensive note on Muslim architecture in Spain with special reference to some of the important buildings of Corodva and Granada. 2005-Write a note on the life and academic contributions of Ibn Sina(Avicenna) and Ibn Rushd(Averroes). 2005-Harun al Rashid and Mamun al Rashid contributed a great deal towards different disciplines of knowledge. Substatiate with historical facts. 2004-Discuss the chief features of Muslim contribution to philosophy in Spain with brief notes on any three important philosophers of that period. 2003-Andulas was the greatest seat of learning and research during the Muslim rule. Describe some of the major political and philosophical contributions of the period and its glory.

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Prepared by: Muhammad Riaz Arain

Composed by: Altaf A Sheikh

2003-Ibn Khaldun is known as one of the most authentic Muslim historian of his time. Describe his contribution in historical field. 2002-Describe some philosophical and political writings in Andalus. 2002-Discuss the contribution of the Muslims in the field of pottery and calligraphy. 2001-Critically analyze the contribution of the Muslims of Spain to History with special reference to the works of Ibn Khaldun. 2001-Critically evaluate the Muslim contribution in the field of architecture, Music, painting, pottery and calligraphy under the Muslim rulers of Spain. 2000-Thoroughly analyze the works of Ibn Sina which brought revolution in European medical sciences. MAIN FOCUS OF STUDY AREA 1(B): a- Muslim architecture in Spain with special reference to remarkable buildings erected by Muslims b- Life and Achievements of: - Ibn Khaldun - Ibn Rushd - Ibn Sina c- Development of philosophy, history, music, fine arts, political studies and calligraphy in Spain d- Development of Medicinal Sciences by Muslims e- Promulgation of Islamic Fiqh in Spain

C) Muslim Learning and European Renaissance/Reformation 2010 - The scientific and literary progress of the Muslims in Spain and Sicily laid the foundation of renaissance in Europe. Discuss with evidence 2009-The scientific and literary progress of the Muslims in Spain and Bagdad laid down the foundation of RENAISSANCE in Europe. Discuss with evidence. 2007-The advancement of Europe in the field of Sciences is based on the achievements of Muslims in their golden era. Discuss 2006-What do you know about the influence of Muslim Sicily on the European civilization? Please write in a scholarly manner. 2004-It is claimed that the Renaissance and Reformation movements in Western and Southern Europe were indebted to the Muslim learning in Spain. please substantiate. 2002-Spain was the torch of Europe. The Arabs were the bringers of the light to medieval Europe. Elucidate

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Prepared by: Muhammad Riaz Arain

Composed by: Altaf A Sheikh

2000-How the Muslim universities and seminaries in Cordova, Granada and Bagdad contributed towards bringing intellectual revolution known as European Renaissance In 15th and 16th centuries A.D.Discuss 1998-Describe in detail the ways and means by which Islamic culture and civilization was introduced in Europe. MAIN FOCUS OF STUDY AREA 1(C): a- How Muslim learning in Spain and Baghdad initiated and influenced European Renaissance and Reformation. b- Ways and means by which Islamic Culture and Civilization transferred to Europe.

STUDY AREA-II: MUSLIMS IN NORTH AFRICA 2010 - Describe the causes and consequences of early Muslim conquests of Egypt and North Africa. 2008- Give a critical study of the causes and the consequences of the Muslim rule in Africa. 2008- Africa got advancement in Material prosperity and in the field of knowledge and wisdom under the Muslim regime. Comment 2007-How did Islam penetrate in Africa? Also give a brief introduction of North African Muslim countries. 2006- In which period of history Islam was introduced in North Africa? Describe the conquests of these lands from Amr bin Aas to Uqba bin Nafi. 2001-How the North Africa was conquered? Describe the conquest of North Africa in brief from Amr bin Aas to Uqba bin Nafi. 2000-How Islam was introduced in Africa and Spain? Discuss with reference to the period of Islamic history starting from the times of Hazrat Umer, the second caliph, up to the times of Walid bin Abdul Malik, the Umayyad caliph MAIN FOCUS OF STUDY AREA -II a- When and How Islam penetrated in North Africa? b- Conquests of North Africa from Amr Bin Aas to Uqba Bin Nafi c- A brief introduction of North African countries. d- North Africa before and after Muslim conquest

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Prepared by: Muhammad Riaz Arain STUDY AREA-III: GENERAL QUESTIONS

Composed by: Altaf A Sheikh

2008- Write a comprehensive ESSAY on the women and nation building in Muslim Spanish society 2007-Western civilization is in a state of clash with Islamic civilization for increasing its influence. Please argue in either YES or NO. 2007-Describe the ways and means through which a bridge may be made between the Muslims and Western socities for co-existence. 2007-Why the Muslim Ummah is lagging behind today in the field of science and technology? 2006-What are in your view the main problems of the Muslim Ummah today? What are their solutions? 2005-How do you perceive the future scenario of the present conflict between the Western policy makers and the Muslims? 2004-Explain the political motives of American presence in Iraq and identify its effects in the region with special reference to Pakistan. 2001-What are the problems of the Muslim World today and who is to be blamed for that? What is the remedy? please discuss. 1997-What does chivilory mean in medieval ages? What were its main characteristics? MAIN FOCUS OF STUDY AREA-III a -Clash of civilization between the west and Islam b -Problems of Muslim Ummah and their solutions. c -War on terror and position of Muslim countries.

STUDY AREA-IV: OTTOMANS OF TURKEY 2010 - Critically evaluate the ottomans administrative reforms with special reference to TANZIMAT. 2006-Describe the character and achievements of Muhammad al-Fatah, the Ottoman. 2005-Critically evaluate the Ottomans administrative reforms with special reference to their TANZIMAT 2004-Enumerate the principal mosques erected by the Ottomans in their capital city of Istanbul. 2004-Describe the character and achievements of Suleiman, the magnificent.

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Prepared by: Muhammad Riaz Arain

Composed by: Altaf A Sheikh

2003-Out of a moth-eaten and depleted empire, Kamal Attaturk created a nation throbbing with life and activity. There were certainly glaring manifestation of dictatorship in some aspects of his ascendency but he was a fervent believer in the sublime destiny of his people whom posterity will remember as one of the greatest national heroes. In the light of this statement, analyze major achievements of Ataturk. 2003-Within three hundred years of the greatness of Suleiman, the Ottoman Empire lay bankrupt, decrepit and rotting. Give reasons of the disintegration of Turkey.

MAIN FOCUS OF STUDY AREA-IV a- Character and achievements of: - Muhammad al- Fatah - Suleiman, the Magnificent b- Administration under Ottomans c- Architecture and other developments under Ottomans d- Conquests of European lands by Ottomans e- Causes of the downfall of Ottoman Empire

STUDY AREA-V: FATIMIDS OF EGYPT 2010 - Write Essay on any one of the following 1-Cairo under Fatimids 2-Cordova under Umayyads 1998-Write a short note on Fatimids of North Africa. 1997-Ain ul Jalut was a great day not only in the history of Egypt and Islam but also in the whole history of civilization. Substantiate. 1994-The complex problems which the geneology of the Fatimids raise defy a satisfactory solution.Elaborate. MAIN FOCUS OF STUDY AREA-V a- Introduction to the Fatimids of Egypt b- War of Ain ul Jalut and its significance

STUDY AREA-VI: SHORT NOTES 2009: iiiiiiivvviviiviiiAl-Hamra Cordoba Gibralter Al-Qairawan Mudarites Yamanites Abdur Rehman-I Hisham

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Prepared by: Muhammad Riaz Arain ix2002: iiiiiiivv2000: iiiiiiiv1999: iiiiiiiv1998: iiiiiiBanu Abbad of Saville Ibn Khaldun Hajib al Mansur Cordova Al hamra Ibn Zuhr Ibn Hazm Abdur Rehman I Tariq Bin Ziyad Ibn Rushd Al Hakam Ziryab, the musician Battle of zallaqa Al-Generaliffe Battle of Ain Jallut University of Cordova Al-Hakma

Composed by: Altaf A Sheikh

OTHER MINOR NOTES iSchools of Islamic Fiqh iiCrusades iiiIbn Haithum ivIb Tufail vAlp Arslan viIbn Batuta viiIbn taimia

viiiixx-

Ibn Arabi Imam Ghazali The Battle of Tours

WISH YOU BEST OF LUCK!

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