Tc gi:V Minh Thng,Nguyn Th Anh,K41, HSPHN

Look at the end point

Nhn vo im mt
************************************************** *************
Ta m u phng php ny bng hai nh l sau:
nh l 1 Nu f(x) l hm bc nht theo x th : nu
vi mi x
nh l 2 : Nu

l hm bc nht theo x th :

vi mi x
nh l 3
Nu
l mt hm s li di trn khong
Nu

0 khi

f(x)

th

l mt hm s lm di trn khong

th

i vi bc THCS,cha hc hm li,hm lm th ta c th s dng nh l sau i vi hm bc 2:

nh l 4:
Cho
Khi

v
t max,min ti

hay

hoc

vi

Cc tnh cht hm bc nht trn y c tnh minh ha hnh hc rt tng minh v d hiu.
Vn dng cc tnh cht ny ta c th Cm c nhiu BDT hay v kh.
V d 1 Cho
Chng minh rng

(*)

Li Gii:BDT(*)
<=>
Xt

vi

Theo nh l th
Ta c
0
=> f(x)
vi x [0,2](dpcm)
V d 2 Cho

CM BDT:
1

Li gii
Cch 1: C nh b,c,d xt hm bc nht
0

C nh

xt :
0
0

0
=>
vi mi
Cch 2:(Nguyn Th Anh)
t
=>
Vy S t gi tr nh nht th a
Nu c 1 s bng 1 th S 0
Nu c 4 s bng 0 th
V d 3:
Cho

ti
tng t b

tha mn:

Chng minh rng:

Li gii:
t
=>
Li c
<=>

,ng

T ta c pcm

V d 4 (IMO) : Cho 3 s dng

tha mn

CMBDT:
Li Gii
C nh x xt
Ta c
=>

=> f(0)<0

hoc
c

vy
V d 5:
Cho

0 => dpcm:

.Chng minh rng:

Li gii:
Ngoi phng php ng bc,ta c th gii bi ton ny bng Look at the end point nh sau:
Ta c:

Do
=>

T ta c pcm

V d 6 Cho 3 s ko m a,b,c tha mn

Chng minh rng
Li gii:
Cch 1:
Ta c th gii bi ton ny theo cch n gin nh sau:
a BDT cn chng minh v dng:
<=>
BDT ny hin nhin ng theo BDT Schur
Cch 2:
Xt

n y th bi ton tr nn n gin,ch rng

Cc bn t lm nt coi nh l bi tp

V d 7 (post by huyclvc)
Cho
chng minh :

Chng ta c 3 li gii cho BDT ny:

Li gii 1:(mather)
Gi s

Theo nh l dn bin ta c

Li gii 2:(ThaithuanGC)
Ph Max trc. Gi s
t :
BDT tng ng :

Ta s dng 1 BDt thng c dng trong tiu chun 2 ca S.O.S :

Do BDT cn cm tng ng :

bn tung to ; ra l ok!
m hnh nh ci BDT ny cn yu !
Li gii 3(posted by huyclvc)
i t bt ng thc :
a ti bt ng thc

.
.

a ti bt ng thc
T c iu sau
Ci g n cng c ngn ngun ca n c
V tt nhin ta cng c th x l bi ton ny bng Look at the end point

Gi s
Lc ta cn CM
Coi y l 1 hm s bin ,xt
=>
Gi s
Ta CM
<=>
Ch rng
Ta c pcm
hiu r hn v phng php ny,ta xt thm v d sau:
V d 8:(chien than)
Cho
Tm min ca
Li gii:
VT t min ti
Xt tch
nhn 2 du
=>tn ti 1 tch nhn gi tr dng
Gi s

=>

=>
Ta thy
nh nht l
=>
=>
ng thc xy ra v d nh
By gi ta s tr li xt bi ton quen thuc:
V d 9:
Cho
.Chng minh:

Chng ta c th d dng kill bi ny bng cch s dng BDT AM-GM(Cauchy)

Gi s
Ta c:

Ta cn CM
y l h qu trc tip ca BDT AM-GM v ta c pcm
V sau y,ta s gii bi ton ny bng Look at the end point
Vn gi s
Gi l VT ca BDT
Ta c:
Xt
Li c

=>

=>pcm

V d 10:
Cho
Proof:
Xt

.Chng minh:

,cc TH cn li tng t:

D thy y l hm s li,ta c:
Ta c
Nu

th BDT hin nhin ng,cn nu

ng thc xy ra khi
Ta li c:
D thy y l hm li trn on

nn ta c:

T ta c pcm
V d 11: (posted by ThaithuanGC)
Lc
Li gii(chien than)
Ta s dng phng php Look at the end point
Ta c:
Ta c:

th AM-GM:

=>
=>
Li c
=>pcm
Cui cng,mi cc bn lm mt s bi tp p dng:
Bi 1:
Cho
tha mn
.Chng minh:
(thng thng ta gii BDT ny nh sau:
BDT<=>

Li c
(Schur))
Nhng cc bn th lm theo Look at the end point xem,s th v lm y
Bi 2: Cho
Tm max
Bi 3:Cho
Chng minh:

vi

Solition of Vophung
B :
Cho

Chng minh:
Ta c:
Cho

cng v vi v

p dng ta c:
=>
Sau ta so snh
<=>
=> pcm

vi
(ng)

Solution of chien than

Gi s
Ta c:

v tng ly theo tt c

cp ch s

.Ta li c:

K hiu
Ta phi chng minh:
Ta s chng minh vi cc s dng
l:
rng
Tng t ta c:
=>pcm
S dng cc BDT ny ta nhn c:

Cng cc BDt ny li ta c pcm

c BDT

,v

,ngha

Bi 4: Bi 4:

.Chng minh:

Bi 5:
Cho

.Chng minh:

Bi 6:(Tng qut v d 6)
Cho
.Chng minh:

Bi 7:
Cho

.Chng minh rng:

Bi 8:
Cho

.Chng minh:

Bi 9
Cho

.Chng minh:

Bi 10:
Cho

.Chng minh rng:

Bi 11(Tng qut v d 9)
Cho
Chng minh:

trong
Bi 12:
y l 1 bi ton rt hay c nhiu cch gii:
Cho
.Chng minh rng:

Bi vit xin c dng y,rt mong kin ng gp ca tt c cc bn!

Mi kin xin gi v a ch vu_minhthang@yahoo.com
Xin Chn thnh cm n!

Ti liu tham kho:

1/Bt ng thc,Suy lun v Khm ph-Phm Vn Thun,L V
2/V ch 19 nc
3/Cc phng php chng minh bt ng thc-Trn Tun Anh
4/Tp ch TTT2,NXBGD