EC1313-LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

UNIT-I ICs FABRICATION

2 marks questions 1. Mention the advantages of integrated circuits. 2. Write down the various processes used to fabricate ICs using silicon planar technolog . !. What is the purpose of o"idation# $. Wh aluminum is preferred for metalli%ation# &. What are the popular IC packages available# '. (ame the parameters which govern the thickness of the film in the o"idation process. ). What do ou mean b component circuit ,. What are various steps involved in basic planar process of IC fabrication. 1-. 11. 12. 1!. 1$. 1&. 1'. 1). 1*. What are the limitations of integrated circuits# What is the advantage of using dr etching process# What is meant b epita"ial growth# What are the advantages of ion implantation Wh aluminium is preferred for metalli%ation# monolithic process# *. +ist the advantages of integrated circuits over discrete

technique# What is ion implantation# (ame the different t pes of IC packages. Classif ICs based on the fabrication. .ive reason for selecting /i02 for o"idation process

in IC fabrication.

1' marks questions

1. 1"plain in detail the fabrication of ICs using silicon planar technolog . 2. 2esign an active load for an emitter3coupled pair4differential amplifier5 !. 1"plain the process of epita"ial growth IC fabrication with neat diagram# $. 1"plain the fundamental of monolithic IC technolog using suitable circuit# &. 1"plain the process of photolithograph . '. Compare Ion implantation with diffusion. ). What are the different wa s b which the diode structure can be reali%ed in IC# *. 1"plain the importance of isolation and discuss the method of isolation. 4*5 ,. 1"plain the various steps involved in the process of fabricating monolithic I

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2 marks questions 1. 2efine an operational amplifier. 2. Mention the characteristics of an ideal op3amp. !. What happens when the common terminal of => and =3 sources is not grounded# $. 2efine input offset voltage. &. 2efine input offset current. /tate the reasons for the offset currents at the input of the op3amp. '. 2efine CM:: of an op3amp. ). What are the applications of current sources# *. ?ustif the reasons for using current sources in integrated circuits. ,. What is the advantage of widlar current source over constant current source# 1-. 11. 12. 1!. 1$. Mention the advantages of Wilson current source. 2efine sensitivit . What are the limitations in a temperature What do ou mean b a band3gap referenced biasing

compensated %ener3reference source# circuit# In practical op3amps@ what is the effect of high on its performance# frequenc

1&. 1'. 1). 1*.

What is the need for frequenc Mention the frequenc

compensation in

practical op3amps# compensation methods. What are the merits and demerits of 2ominant3pole 2efine slew rate.

compensation#

1,. 2-.

Wh

IC )$1 is not used for high frequenc

applications# What causes slew rate#

21. Calculate the output olta!e "# o$ the c%&cu%t sho'( %( $%!. 1

22. D&a' the c%&cu%t )%a!&a* o$ olta!e $ollo'e& us%(! IC +,1. 23. Fo& the op-a*p sho'(- )ete&*%(e the olta!e !a%(.

1' marks questions 1. Write a brief note on frequenc 2. 1"plain various stabilit Ariefl e"plain. compensation in op3amp.

criteria of op3amp circuit.

!. What are the methods used to improve the slew rate# $. 2iscuss the various 2C characteristic of op3amp. &. 1"plain the operation of differential amplifier '. With circuit and waveforms e"plain the working operation of voltage shunt ;eedback amplifier. ). 2iscuss the frequenc response of op3amp *. With circuit and waveforms e"plain the working operation of voltage series feedback amplifier. ,. design a temperature compensated %ener3reference source.

1-.

0btain the frequenc

response of an open3loop op3

amp and discuss about the methods of frequenc compensation . 11. A)What is meant by voltage follower? B)Determine the output voltage vo for the following circuit.

5v

2k

U2 + 2k 2k OUT Vo

2v

3v

10k

12. What are the methods used to improve the slew rate# Ariefl e"plain.

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2 Marks DuestionsB 1. Mention some of the linear applications of op C amps B 2. Mention some of the non C linear applications of op3 ampsB3 !. What is the need for an instrumentation amplifier# $. +ist the features of instrumentation amplifierB &. What do ou mean b a precision diode# '. Write down the applications of precision diode.

). +ist the applications of +og amplifiersB *. What are the limitations of the basic differentiator circuit# ,. Write down the condition for good differentiation B3 1-. 11. 12. 1!. 1&. 1'. 1). 1*. 1,. 2-. 21. What is a comparator# What are the applications of comparator# What is a /chmitt trigger# What is a multivibrator# monostable multivibrator# . What is an astable multivibrator# What is a bistable multivibrator# What are the requirements for producing sustained Mention an two audio frequenc What is a filter# What are the demerits of passive filters# oscillators B

14. What do ou mean b

oscillations in feedback circuits# What are the characteristics of a comparator#

22. 2!. 2$. 2&. 2'. 2). 2*.

What are the advantages of active filters# Mention some commonl used active filters B +ist the broad classification of 92Cs. +ist out some integrating t pe converters. What is integrating t pe converter# 1"plain in brief the principle of operation of What are the main advantages of integrating t pe

successive 9ppro"imation 92C. 92Cs#

2,. !-. !1. !2. !!. !$. !&. !'. !). !*. !,. $-. $1. $2.

Where is the successive appro"imation t pe 92Cs What is the main drawback of a dual3slop 92C# /tate the advantages of dual slope 92CB 2efine conversion time. 2efine resolution of a data converter. 2efine accurac of converter. of a converterB What is settling time# 1"plain in brief stabilit What is meant b What is monotonic 29C# What is multipl ing 29C# What is a sample and hold circuit# Where it is used# 2efine sample period and hold period. What is meant b delta modulation# linearit #

used#

1' marks questions 1. 2iscuss the need for an instrumentation amplifier# .ive a detailed anal sis for the same. 2. 1"plain the operation of the /chmitt trigger. !. 2iscuss in detail the operation of 9stable multivibrator. $. 2iscuss in detail the operation of Monostable multivibrator.

&. What are the requirements for producing sustained oscillations in feedback circuits# 2iscuss an two audio frequenc oscillators. '. 1"plain the operation 0; Wein bridge oscillator ). What is integrating t pe converter# 1"plain the operation of dual slope 92CB *. 1"plain the principle of operation of successive 9ppro"imation 92C. 9. 1-. 11. 12. 1"plain the operation of sample and hold circuit . 1"plain the various t pes of digital to analog 1"plain the operation of ;+9/8 t pe 92C. 2iscuss the need for an filter# .ive a detailed convertersB

anal sis for active filter.

6(I7 CI= &&& 7IM1: 9(9+0. M6+7I<+I1: 9(2 <++

2 marks questions 1. Mention some areas where <++ is widel 2. Mention some applications of &&& timerB !. +ist the applications of &&& timer in monostable mode of operationB $. +ist the applications of &&& timer in 9stable mode of operationB &. +ist the basic building blocks of <++B '. What are the three stages through which <++ operates# ). 2efine lock3in range of a <++B *. 2efine capture range of <++B ,. 2efine <ull3in time. 1-. 11. 12. 1!. .ive the classification of phase detectorB What are the problems associated with switch t pe What is a voltage controlled oscillator# 0n what parameters does the free running of =C0 depend on# usedB

phase detector#

frequenc

1$. 1&. 1'. <++# 1). 1*. 1,. 2-. 21.

.ive the e"pression for the =C0 free running 2efine =oltage to ;requenc conversion factor.

frequenc . What is the purpose of having a low pass filter in 2iscuss the effect of having large capture range. Mention some t pical applications of <++B What is a compander IC# .ive some e"amples. What are the merits of companding#. +ist the applications of 079B 1' marks 1. Ariefl e"plain the block diagram of <++ and derive the e"pression for +ock range and capture range. 2. With a neat functional diagram@ e"plain the operation of =C0. 9lso derive an e"pression for fo. !. 9nal %e the analog multiplier IC with a neat circuit diagram. 2iscuss its applications. $. discuss the applications of <++B &. What is &&& timer# What are the features of &&& timer# 1"plain the monostable mode in detail# '. 1"plain the 9stable mode of operation using &&& timer. +. discuss the applications of &&& monostable timer.

6(I7 = C /<1CI9+ ;6(C7I0( ICs

2 mark questions 1. What is a voltage regulator# 2. .ive the classification of voltage regulatorsB !. What is a linear voltage regulator# $. What is a switching regulator# &. What are the advantages of IC voltage regulators# '. .ive some e"amples of monolithic IC voltage regulatorsB ). What is the purpose of having input and output capacitors in three terminal IC regulators# *. 2efine line regulation. ,. 2efine load regulation. 1-. 11. 12. 1!. 1$. 1&. What is meant b current limiting# .ive the drawbacks of linear regulatorsB What is the advantage of switching regulators# What is an opto3coupler IC# .ive e"amples. Mention the advantages of opto3couplersB What is an isolation amplifier# 1' marks 1. In detail dicuss the )2! IC general purpose voltage regulator. 2. 1"plain the operation of switching regulators..ive its advantages. !. 1"plain the functional diagram of +M !*- power amplifier.

,. E.pla%( a(/ o(e %solat%o( a*pl%$%e& IC '%th the help o$ 0loc1 )%a!&a* a() state appl%cat%o( o$ %solat%o( a*pl%$%e& IC. 2. 1"plain the operation of ICL 3#33 $u(ct%o( !e(e&ato&. .ive its advantages. 4. E.pla%( the ope&at%o( o$ opto elect&o(%c ICs