Seminar Vt l Laser

BUNG CNG HNG

PHM CHT BUNG
CNG HNG

Giao vien hng dan: TS. Phan Bach Thang
Hoc vien thc hien:
Nguyen o Minh Quan
Ly Ngoc Thuy Tien
a ch bn ti:
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Seminar Vt l Laser
KHA NANG KHUECH AI SONG IEN
T KHI I QUA MOI TRNG HOAT
TNH
Bung Cng Hng
Seminar Vt l Laser
Gi s sng in t gi n sc c cng truyn
trong mi trng hot tnh dc theo trc Z .
S bin i cng dc theo trc Z l
d = Gdz
G l h s khuch i c xc nh theo cng thc:
( )
n m mn
n
n
m
m mn
N N G
N
g
g
N G
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
v o v
v o v
( )
n m
n
n
m
m
N N
N
g
g
N
>
|
|
.
|

\
|
>
G > 0

Bung Cng Hng
Seminar Vt l Laser
Nh vy cng sng truyn trong mi trng
hot tnh tng, khng nhng cn h s khuch i
lng t ln hn khng m phi ln hn h s mt
mt trong mi trng hot tnh
Ngoi ra khi truyn qua mi trng hot tnh th
mt phn cng sng in t s b mt mt
do nhiu nguyn nhn. V vy s bin i
cng dc theo trc Z l :
d = (G Gn)dz
Gn l h s mt mt

Bung Cng Hng
Seminar Vt l Laser
NGUYN L LIN KT HI
TIP DNG TNG
KHUCH I
Bung Cng Hng
Seminar Vt l Laser
Mt phn tn hiu khuch i c quay
v mi trng hot tnh v mt ln na i
qua mi trng hot tnh li c khuch
i. Do khuch i sng in t s tng
nhiu hn so vi khi i qua mi trng
mt ln. Nu khuch i vt mc
mt mt ton phn th th t n s pht
sng in t
Bung Cng Hng
Seminar Vt l Laser
BUNG CNG HNG L G?
Bung cng hng l mt trong nhng b
phn quan trng ca my pht lng t
(laser). N dng thc hin lin kt hi
tip dng v to ra bc x nh hng,
n sc, kt hp. Bung cng hng gm
cc mt phn x v mi trng hot tnh
Bung Cng Hng
Seminar Vt l Laser
BUNG CNG HNG L G?
Bung Cng Hng
Seminar Vt l Laser
V SAO BUNG CNG HNG
QUANG HC L BUNG CNG
HNG H?
Bung Cng Hng
Seminar Vt l Laser
Vi k thut hin nay khng th ch to ra bung
cng hng vi kch thc c bc sng di
quang hc
Nu gi s c th to ra bung cng hng vi
kch thc nh th th bung cng khng c
ngha v mt nng lng v kch thc qu ca
h khng to ra cng sut bc x cn thit.
Ngoi ra khi s dng bung cng hng h c
th m bo tnh lc la v gim mt mt nng
lng do phn x
Bung Cng Hng
Seminar Vt l Laser
CU TO BUNG CNG HNG
Bung Cng Hng
Seminar Vt l Laser
CU TO BUNG CNG HNG
Thng thng bung cng hng l mt h
gm hai mt t i din nhau, gia hai mt ny
l mi trng hot tnh. Thng mt trong hai
gng ch lm nhim v phn x nh sng,
gng cn li va phn x mt phn nh sng
truyn vo n va cho mt phn nh sng
truyn qua
Bung Cng Hng
Seminar Vt l Laser
PHN LOI BUNG CNG HNG
Bung cng hng phng: hai gng phn x l
hai gng phng, cho bc x c nh hng
cao
Bung cng hng cu ng tiu: Hai gng cu
c cng bn knh v chung tiu im
Ngoi ra cn c cc loi bung : gng lin trong
laser bn dn, mt gng phng v mt gng
cu, gng phng v lng knh quay, bung tia
sng kn
Bung Cng Hng
Seminar Vt l Laser
CHC NNG BUNG CNG HNG
Thc hin hi tip dng
To ra bc x nh hng, n sc, kt hp
Bung Cng Hng
Thc Hin Hi Tip Dng
Nh ta bit mi trng hot tnh t trong bung
cng hng tuy c kh nng khuch i tn hiu i
qua n theo quy lut =o.exp{(G-Gn )z} nhng
khuch i ny khng ln v chiu di z l c hn.
c c cng khuch i tn hiu ln phi
tng kch thc mi trng hot tnh ln nhiu ln.
V d nh i vi hot cht l mt trong nhng
hot cht c h s khuch i tng i ln, th
t c cng sut bc x l 1W th cn phi s
dng mt ng cha kh di m.
2
CO
4
10
Bung Cng Hng
Thc Hin Hi Tip Dng
Tng chiu di nh bung cng hng
Mi trng hot tnh
Khi cho sng nh sng i qua hot cht ca bung cng
hng tn hiu s c khuch i ln
Khi ti mt phn x mt phn sng nh sng s b phn x
tr li v c khuch i ln khi i qua mi trng hot
tnh. C nh vy sau nhiu ln phn x s thu c bc x
c cng ln.
Bung Cng Hng
Seminar Vt l Laser
CHC NNG BUNG CNG HNG
Thc hin hi tip dng
To ra bc x nh hng, n sc, kt hp
Bung Cng Hng
To ra bc x nh hng , n sc, kt hp
Do cu to bung cng hng l h nn sng
lan truyn di gc lch tng i ln so vi
trc ca bung cng hng s b thot ra ngoi
sau nhiu ln phn x.
Nhng sng nh sng truyn dc theo trc ca
bung cng hng sau nhiu ln phn x
c cng hng ln nhiu ln. Nhng sng
nh sng ny s xc nh cng sut ra ca
laser. V vy bc x c hnh thnh bung
cng hng s c tnh nh hng rt cao

Bung Cng Hng
To ra bc x nh hng , n sc, kt hp
Trong nhiu ln phn x gia hai gng, pha
ca sng nh sng lun bo ton v quan h v
pha ca cc sng cng khng i, do bc
x ra mang tnh kt hp
Cui cng nh bung cng hng c th
thc hin c cc phng php chn lc
thu c bc x c di ph rt hp gn nh
n sc
Bung Cng Hng
Seminar Vt l Laser
Bung Cng Hng
YU CU K THUT I VI CC LOI
GNG LASER
Yu cu c bn ca cc gng laser l phi m
bo sao cho h s phn x cho php l ln nht v
phn nng lng tiu hao do hp th trn cc b
mt l nh nht.
Seminar Vt l Laser
Bung Cng Hng
YU CU K THUT I VI CC LOI
GNG LASER
Trong giai on u ngi ta s dng cc
gng c l thu tinh hay thch anh v lp
phn x c ma ln bc, nhm hoc vng,
h s phn x ca cc gng ny vng nh
sng kh kin thng khng vt qu 90- 95%
v phn nng lng tiu hao trn b mt gng
c th t ti 5 -10%. V vy cc gng ny c
phm cht khng cao.
Seminar Vt l Laser
Bung Cng Hng
YU CU K THUT I VI CC LOI
GNG LASER
Ngy nay trong k thut laser phn ln gng
m nhm, bc, vng c thay bi gng in
mi nhiu lp. N c cc c tnh ni bt: cc
gng c h s phn x cao v phn nng
lng tiu hao do hp th l rt b, chu c
bc x nng lng ln v tui th ca cc
gng ny cao. V th n m bo c
phm cht ca bung cng hng rt cao.
Seminar Vt l Laser
Bung Cng Hng
YU CU K THUT I VI CC LOI
GNG LASER
Yu cu v dy quang hc ca cc lp
in mi cng sut phn x tng hp
v h s phn x ln l:
4
...
3 3 2 2 1 1

= = = =
n n
h n h n h n h n
Seminar Vt l Laser
Bung Cng Hng
H s phn x v tnh chn lc ca gng
cn ph thuc vo s lp in mi.
Seminar Vt l Laser
Bung Cng Hng
Cc gng c ci to t 3-7 lp l cc
gng bn trong sut, khi gng t 15 lp
in mi tr ln th t c h s phn x
rt cao (R> 99%)
Ngoi ra cc loi gng trong h cng
hng cng i hi sai s v bng
phng ca b mt gng khng vt
qu gi tr cho php l:
R
R
t

2
) 1 (
Seminar Vt l Laser
Bung Cng Hng
Ngoi ra mt thng s k thut ca cc gng
cn c ch l gi tr mt cng sut ti hn
m gng c th chu c. y l mt vi s
liu c xc nh qua thc nghim:
phm cht ca Bung
cng hng:
2 .Cc dng mt mt nng lng:
- Trn thc t v c nhiu dng mt mt trong h cng
hng. Cc mt mt do nhiu nguyn nhn:
Mt mt bi cht lng phn x ca gng
Mt mt bi nhin tng nhiu x trn gng
Mt mt do cc gng khng song song nhau
Mt mt do s tn x ca nh sng do mi trng
khng ng nht.
- Mi dng mt mt c xc nh bi mt phm cht

1. phm cht l g?
Mt c trng quan trng ca BCH l
phm cht. phm cht xc nh mt
nng lng bc x trong h. phm
cht cng cao khi nng lng mt mt
cng nh.
Ta xt mt mt do cht lng phn x ca
gng (hin tng truyn qua v hp
th trong gng):
Qu trnh dao ng tt dn do phn x:
dI/ dt
px
= -I c/L
I = I
0
exp( c.t/ L)
phm cht:
Q
1
= L/c
=> Phng trnh biu din dao ng tt
dn tr thnh:
dI / dt
px
= -I/Q
1
()

3.1. phm cht trong qu trnh phn x:
I: cng ca mode
: mt mt trung bnh sau mt
ln i qua BCH
L: chiu di ca h
: tn s sng
Nu coi cc gng l hon ton ging nhau, v c h s phn x l R, th
phn nng lng ca BCH b mt i trong khong thi gian dt c xc
nh:
Gi s sng mang nng lng E/2 i t gng G
1
n gng G
2
. Ti gng
G
2
:
Sng ny c phn x tr li mt phn,
Cn mt phn tn hao bng E(1-R) /2.
- Khong thi gian cn thit sng i t G
1
n G
2
l:
t = L/ v = L n/ c (n l chit sut ca mi trng hot tnh)
Nh vy sau mi khong thi gian t th sng i c mt ln t G1 n G2,
v tiu hao phn nng lng bng E (1-R) /2. V vy, trong mt n v thi
gian, sng b mt mt phn nng lng l:
E(1-R) /2t = -E ( 1-R)c/ 2 Ln
phn nng lng m mt dao ng( mt mode) mt i trong mt n v thi
gian l: -E ( 1-R)c/ Ln
Nh vy trong c khong thi gian t, phng thnh xc nh tn hao :
dE=-E ( 1-R)c/ Lc dt. (1)
Mt khc, nu coi cc mode ca BCH nh cc dao ng in t c lp, th
phng trnh dao ng tt dn :
dE = -Edt /Q
1
(2)
so snh: (1) v (2): Q
1
= Ln/c(1-R)= 2Ln / (1-R)
Trong di sng v tuyn : a, 1 (57 ):
mt mt ln
Do h cng hng h ch ng dng
cho sng ngn.
3.2 Mt mt do hin tng nhiu x trn
gng:

Chm sng song song vi di p ln gng
A, phn x v nhiu x trong gc /a.
Qu trnh dao ng tt dn do s nhiu x c
biu din:
dI/ dt
nx
= -I /Q
2
()

A
B
2
a
x
L
Phn nng lng b mt do
nhiu x sau mt ln bc
x i qua h cng hng
s bng t s din tch
vnh khuyn c b rng x
(x= L) vi din tch
gng:
2ax/ a
2
=L/ a
2
= 1/N ( N:
s Fresnel)
Nh vy, s Fresnel cng
ln th mt mt do nhiu
x cng nh
Q
2
= a
2
/ L

A
B
2
a
x
L
T phng trnh () v (),
dI / dt
px
= -I/Q
1
()

dI/ dt
nx
= -I /Q
2
()
cng gim tng cng l:
dI/dt = -I( 1/ Q
1
+ 1/ Q
2
) = -I /Q
vi 1/ Q = 1/Q
1
+ 1/Q
2


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