88

i'ur
V Q I V C S : */o

Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants

closed

Le

5,000
d

40

'Ball check valve, open Swing check valve, open *45O-Y Globe valve, open I QOoclose screwed return

Screwed o r fobricated tee thru branch and 9 0 O s i n g l e - miter elbow Welding t e e t h r u branch *Butterfly valve, open Submerged discharge '3-Way plug cock, st. thru, open 90"standard screwed o r 60"single-miter elbow

4 5" Ia l e rat t h ru bronch

90"Iong-sweep o r 30"double -miter elbow 'Plug cock, full port, open Screwed o r fabricated tee or l a t e r a l t h r u run submerged entrance

90"t r i p l e - m i t e r or 45Osingle miter elbow

1 80welding return o r 4 5 ' screwed elbow Welding tee t h r u run

Nol t e' : d =Small Pipe, dia. inches d'=Large Pipe,dia. inches R 2 Bend Radius,inches For Eccentric Reducers, Increase Values o f Concentric Reducers by 33 1/3 yo. Values for Tees and Laterals Apply to Full Size Fittings, Losses Larger for Side Outlets.
*Added by author 1-76 3-Way plug cock opening Is 80% of pipe size. For partially closed globe-type valves, Multiply open Le by: 3/4 open 3.25 1/2 open 12.0 1/4 open 72.0

For elbows 8 bends: R/d = 0 For contractions & enlargemenls: d/d'= 0

42

0.4

0.6

0,8

Figure 2-21. Equivalent length of fittings for pipe systems. Note: preferred use for 1%in. and larger pipe butt-welded or socket-welded connections (this author). By permission, Tube Turns Div., Chemitron Corp. Bull. 7T 725, 1952, reference now to Tube Turns Technologies, Inc.

Fluid Flow

79

4y50
K, = 0.016 K, = 0.024 K, = 0.034 K,= 0.044

K, = 0.042
K, = 0.062

K, = 0.154

K, = 0.066

K, = 0.130 K, = 0.1 65

K, = 0.236
K. = 0.320

,= 0.112

= 0.284

K,= 0.323

K, = 0.400 K,= 0.601

K, = RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT FOR SMOOTH SURFACE

IC, = RESISTANCE GOEFFICIENT FOR ROUGH SURFACE, 1 .s z 0.0022 D

"OPTIMUM VALUE OF a INTERPOLATED

Figure 2-14. Resistance coefficients for miter bends at Reynolds number = 2.25 x 1O5 for water. Reprinted by permission, Hydraulic Institute Engineering Data Book, .I st Ed., 1979, Cleveland, Ohio.

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

ESISTANCE COEFFICIENTS FOR REDUCERS

Figure 2-65. Resistance coefficients for reducers for water. Reprinted by permission, Hydraulic Institute, Engineering Data Cleveland, Ohio,