Genes of the Lipid Metabolism

Marlis Reich Institute for Forest Botany Georg-August-Universitt Gttingen

Genes of the lipid metabolism

Marlis Reich

Stumpe et al., 2005

Genes of the lipid metabolism

Marlis Reich

Gafur et al., 2004

Gafur et al., 2004

NAU
20

MAJ
8

16:0
15

16:1 n - 5
6 4

[mol/g f.m.]

10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30

Culture (days)

Culture (days)

Genes of the lipid metabolism

Marlis Reich

First rate-limiting step in long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis:

AcetylCoA Biotin Carrier Protein Biotin Carrier Protein

CO2MalonylCoA

-CO2-

+ HCO3BiotinCarboxylase

+ Transcarboxylase
Biotin Carrier Protein

Biotin-Carboxylase
Biotin Carrier Protein

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Transcarboxylase

Genes of the lipid metabolism

Marlis Reich

[acyl carrier protein] acetyltransferase (AT) [acyl carrier protein] malonyltransferase (MT)

acyl carrier protein (ACP)

- ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase (KS)

-ketoacyl- [acyl carrier protein] reductase (KR)

3-hydroxypalmitoyl- [acyl carrier protein] dehydratase (HD)

enoyl- [acyl carrier protein] reductase (ER)

Genes of the lipid metabolism

Marlis Reich

bacteria, plant
seven proteins

yeast
two proteins

vertebrates
one protein Laccaria bicolor one protein

Genes of the lipid metabolism

Marlis Reich

20

25

18:0
15

18:1 n - 9

20

[mol/g f.m.]

15 10 10 5

0 10 200 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 25 30

0 4,0

18:2 n - 6
150

18:3 n - 3

3,2

[mol/g f.m.]

2,4 100 1,6 50

0,8

0 10 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 25 30

0,0

20

16:0
15

16:1 n - 5
6 4

[mol/g f.m.]

10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30
5 10 15 20 25 30

Culture (days)

Culture (days)

Genes of the lipid metabolism

Marlis Reich

In Laccaria bicolor:
one fatty acid elongase

six desaturases:
6- fatty acid desaturase 9- fatty acid desaturase 12- fatty acid desaturase

Dihydroceramide 4- desaturase
C5 sterol desaturase cytochrome P450 C22 sterol desaturase

Genes of the lipid metabolism

Marlis Reich

Coprinopsis cinerea:
X

Laccaria bicolor:
fatty acid elongase

six desaturases:
X X X X X X 6- fatty acid desaturase 9- fatty acid desaturase 12- fatty acid desaturase

Dihydroceramide 4- desaturase
C5 sterol desaturase cytochrome P450 C22 sterol desaturase

Sterol desaturase family protein

Genes of the lipid metabolism

Marlis Reich

100

Dihydroceramide 4- desaturase LACBI Dihydroceramide 4- desaturase SCHPO

100

C5- sterol desaturase LACBI C5- sterol desaturase YEAST 98 9- fatty acid desaturase (scaff.8) LACBI 9- fatty acid desaturase (scaff.27) LACBI

100 99

9- fatty acid desaturase YEAST 12- fatty acid desaturase (scaff. 3) LACBI 12- fatty acid desaturase MORAP

100 100

12- fatty acid desaturase (scaff.41) LACBI 12- fatty acid desaturase (scaff.51) LACBI 6- fatty acid desaturase LACBI

100

6- fatty acid desaturase MORAP

C22- sterol desaturase LACBI 100 C22- sterol desaturase YEAST

MORAP = Mortierella alpina; LACBI = Laccaria bicolor; SCHPO = Schizosaccharomyces pombe; YEAST = Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genes of the lipid metabolism

Marlis Reich

scff. 1

C22- sterol d.

6- fatty acid d.

scff. 3

Dihydrocer.-d.

12-fatty acid d

scff. 8

9- fatty acid d

scff. 11

C5- sterol d.

scff. 27

9- fatty acid d

scff. 41

12- fatty acid d

scff. 51

12- fatty acid d

Genes of the lipid metabolism

Marlis Reich

Introns:

usually length is ~ 40-50 bp

in some special genes, introns are mainly ~ 60 bp start sequence: GT (GC) end sequence: more often CAG/TAG than AAG

Exons: in special areas of genes it is possible to find more than one very short exon sequence (~ 1-7 amino acids)

Coprinopsis cinerea:

Lipids

high homology to genes of Coprinopsis cinerea only beginning and ending of introns are sometimes changed (~ 1-4 amino acids)

Genes of the lipid metabolism

Marlis Reich

Gene name
6- fatty acid desaturase 9- fatty acid desaturase 12- fatty acid desaturase 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Acyl carrier protein C4- methyl sterol oxidase C5- sterol desaturase C22- sterol desaturase

total length [kbp]

1,837 1,91/1,62 1,761/1,705/2,222 3,092 7,291 0,554 1,231 1,2 1,794

introns exons
4 9/4 8/8/14 14 12 3 4 4 5 5 10/5 9/9/15 15 13 4 5 5 6

members
1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

Cytochrome b5- reductase

Dihydroceramide 4- desaturase Fatty acid elongase Fatty acid hydroxylase Fatty acid synthase Phosphosphingolipids phospholipase C Pyruvate carboxylase Tricarboxylate transporter

1,43/1,138
1,388 1,213 1,521 12,878 1,489 4,968 1,38

8/5
5 7 7 20 4 25 9

9/6
6 8 8 21 5 26 10

2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Genes of the lipid metabolism

Marlis Reich