Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.

) Chapter 3 Water and Life Life evolved in the ocean, and the chemistry of life occurs in an aqueous environment. These questions explore the properties of water that are important to sustain lifes chemical processes, organismal physiology, and interactions of organisms with their environment. Quantitative properties such as heat content, molarity, and pH are also addressed. A few questions address how human activities affect the glo al environment through acid rain and acidification of the ocean. !ultiple"#hoice Questions $% &n a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are onded to a single oxygen atom y A% hydrogen onds. '% nonpolar covalent onds. #% polar covalent onds. (% ionic onds. )% van der *aals interactions. Answer+ # Topic+ #oncept ,.$ -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension 1% The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. *hat is this attraction called2 A% a covalent ond '% a hydrogen ond #% an ionic ond (% a hydrophilic ond )% a van der *aals interaction Answer+ ' Topic+ #oncept ,.$ -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension ,% The partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs ecause A% the oxygen atom acquires an additional electron. '% the electrons shared etween the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus. #% the oxygen atom has two pairs of electrons in its valence shell that are not neutrali3ed y hydrogen atoms. (% the oxygen atom forms hy rid or itals that distri ute electrons unequally around the oxygen nucleus. )% one of the hydrogen atoms donates an electron to the oxygen atom. Answer+ ' Topic+ #oncept ,.$ -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension

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7% -ulfur is in the same column of the periodic ta le as oxygen, ut has electronegativity similar to car on. #ompared to water molecules, molecules of H1A% will ioni3e more readily. '% will have greater cohesion to other molecules of H1-. #% will have a greater tendency to form hydrogen onds with each other. (% will have a higher capacity to a sor heat for the same change in temperature. )% will not form hydrogen onds with each other. Answer+ ) Topic+ #oncept ,.$ -.ill+ -ynthesis0)valuation 8% *ater molecules are a le to form hydrogen onds with A% compounds that have polar covalent onds. '% oils. #% oxygen gas 9:1% molecules. (% chloride ions. )% any compound that is not solu le in water. Answer+ A Topic+ #oncept ,.$ -.ill+ Application0Analysis ;% *hich of the following effects is produced y the high surface tension of water2 A% La.es don<t free3e solid in winter, despite low temperatures. '% A water strider can wal. across the surface of a small pond. #% :rganisms resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical reactions. (% )vaporation of sweat from the s.in helps to .eep people from overheating. )% *ater flows upward from the roots to the leaves in plants. Answer+ ' Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis =% *hich of the following ta.es place as an ice cu e cools a drin.2 A% !olecular collisions in the drin. increase. '% /inetic energy in the drin. decreases. #% A calorie of heat energy is transferred from the ice to the water of the drin.. (% The specific heat of the water in the drin. decreases. )% )vaporation of the water in the drin. increases. Answer+ ' Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis

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>% A dietary #alorie equals $ .ilocalorie. *hich of the following statements correctly defines $ .ilocalorie2 A% $,555 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of $ g of water y $,555?# '% $55 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of $55 g of water y $?# #% $5,555 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of $ .g of water y $?@ (% $,555 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of $ .g of water y $?# )% $,555 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of $55 g of water y $55?# Answer+ ( Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension A% The nutritional information on a cereal ox shows that one serving of a dry cereal has 155 .ilocalories. &f one were to urn one serving of the cereal, the amount of heat given off would e sufficient to raise the temperature of 15 .g of water how many degrees #elsius2 A% 5.1?# '% $.5?# #% 1.5?# (% $5.5?# )% 15.5?# Answer+ ( Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis $5% Liquid water<s high specific heat is mainly a consequence of the A% small si3e of the water molecules. '% high specific heat of oxygen and hydrogen atoms. #% a sorption and release of heat when hydrogen onds rea. and form. (% fact that water is a poor heat conductor. )% higher density of liquid water than solid water 9ice%. Answer+ # Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension $$% *hich type of ond must e ro.en for water to vapori3e2 A% ionic onds '% oth hydrogen onds and ionic onds #% polar covalent onds (% hydrogen onds )% oth polar covalent onds and hydrogen onds Answer+ ( Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension

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$1% Temperature usually increases when water condenses. *hich ehavior of water is most directly responsi le for this phenomenon2 A% the change in density when it condenses to form a liquid or solid '% reactions with other atmospheric compounds #% the release of heat y the formation of hydrogen onds (% the release of heat y the rea.ing of hydrogen onds )% the high surface tension of water Answer+ # Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis $,% *hy does evaporation of water from a surface cause cooling of the surface2 A% The rea.ing of onds etween water molecules a sor s heat. '% The water molecules with the most heat energy evaporate more readily. #% The solute molecules left ehind a sor heat. (% *ater molecules a sor heat from the surface in order to acquire enough energy to evaporate. )% The expansion of water vapor extracts heat from the surface. Answer+ ' Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension $7% *hy does ice float in liquid water2 A% The high surface tension of liquid water .eeps the ice on top. '% The ionic onds etween the molecules in ice prevent the ice from sin.ing. #% &ce always has air u les that .eep it afloat. (% Hydrogen onds sta ili3e and .eep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water. )% The crystalline lattice of ice causes it to e denser than liquid water. Answer+ ( Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis $8% Hydropho ic su stances such as vegeta le oil are A% nonpolar su stances that repel water molecules. '% nonpolar su stances that have an attraction for water molecules. #% polar su stances that repel water molecules. (% polar su stances that have an affinity for water. )% charged molecules that hydrogen" ond with water molecules. Answer+ A Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension

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$;% :ne mole 9mol% of glucose 9molecular mass B $>5 daltons% is A% $>5 C $51, molecules of glucose. '% $ .g of glucose dissolved in $ L of solution. #% the largest amount of glucose that can e dissolved in $ L of solution. (% $>5 .ilograms of glucose. )% oth $>5 grams of glucose and ;.51 C $51, molecules of glucose. Answer+ ) Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis $=% How many molecules of glucose 9#;H$1:; molecular mass B $>5 daltons% would e present in A5 grams of glucose2 A% A5 C $51, '% 9;.510$>5% C $51, #% 9;.510A5% C $51, (% 9A5 x ;.51% C $51, )% 9A50$>5% C ;.51 C $51, Answer+ ) Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis $>% How many molecules of glycerol 9#,H>:,D molecular mass B A1% would e present in $ L of a $ M glycerol solution2 A% $ C $5; '% $7 C ;.51 C $51, #% A1 C ;.51 C $51, (% ;.51 C $51; )% ;.51 C $51, Answer+ ) Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension $A% *hen an ionic compound such as sodium chloride 9Ea#l% is placed in water, the component atoms of the Ea#l crystal dissociate into individual sodium ions 9EaF% and chloride ions 9#l"%. &n contrast, the atoms of covalently onded molecules 9e.g., glucose, sucrose, glycerol% do not generally dissociate when placed in aqueous solution. *hich of the following solutions would e expected to contain the greatest num er of solute particles 9molecules or ions%2 A% $ L of 5.8 M Ea#l '% $ L of 5.8 M glucose #% $ L of $.5 M Ea#l (% $ L of $.5 M glucose )% $ L of $.5 M Ea#l and $ L of $.5 M glucose will contain equal num ers of solute particles. Answer+ # Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis

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15% The molar mass of glucose is $>5 g0mol. *hich of the following procedures should you carry out to ma.e a $ M solution of glucose2 A% (issolve $ g of glucose in $ L of water. '% (issolve $>5 g of glucose in $ L of water. #% (issolve $>5 g of glucose in $>5 g of water. (% (issolve $>5 milligrams 9mg% of glucose in $ L of water. )% (issolve $>5 g of glucose in 5.> L of water, and then add more water until the total volume of the solution is $ L. Answer+ ) Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis 1$% The molar mass of glucose 9#;H$1:;% is $>5 g0mol. *hich of the following procedures should you carry out to ma.e a 5.8 M solution of glucose2 A% (issolve 5.8 g of glucose in a small volume of water, and then add more water until the total volume of solution is $ L. '% (issolve A5 g of glucose in a small volume of water, and then add more water until the total volume of the solution is $ L. #% (issolve $>5 g of glucose in a small volume of water, and then add more water until the total volume of the solution is $ L. (% (issolve 5.8 g of glucose in $ L of water. )% (issolve $>5 g of glucose in 5.8 L of water. Answer+ ' Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis 11% Gou have a freshly prepared 5.$ M solution of glucose in water. )ach liter of this solution contains how many glucose molecules2 A% ;.51 C $51, '% ,.5$ C $51, #% ;.51 C $517 (% $1.57 C $51, )% ;.51 C $511 Answer+ ) Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis 1,% The molecular weight of water is $> daltons. *hat is the molarity of $ liter of pure water2 9Hint: *hat is the mass of $ liter of pure water2% A% 88.; M '% $> M #% ,= M (% 5.;; M )% $.5 M Answer+ A Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ -ynthesis0)valuation

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17% Gou have a freshly prepared $ M solution of glucose in water. Gou carefully pour out a $55 mL sample of that solution. How many glucose molecules are included in that $55 mL sample2 A% ;.51 C $51, '% ,.5$ C $51, #% ;.51 C $517 (% $1.57 C $51, )% ;.51 C $511 Answer+ ) Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis 18% A strong acid li.e H#l A% ioni3es completely in an aqueous solution. '% increases the pH when added to an aqueous solution. #% reacts with strong ases to create a uffered solution. (% is a strong uffer at low pH. )% oth ioni3es completely in aqueous solutions and is a strong uffer at low pH. Answer+ A Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ Application0Analysis 1;% *hich of the following ioni3es completely in solution and is considered to e a strong ase 9al.ali%2 A% Ea#l '% H#l #% EH, (% H1#:, )% Ea:H Answer+ ) Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension 1=% A 5.5$ M solution of a su stance has a pH of 1. *hat can you conclude a out this su stance2 A% &t is a strong acid that ioni3es completely in water. '% &t is a strong ase that ioni3es completely in water. #% &t is a wea. acid. (% &t is a wea. ase. )% &t is neither an acid nor a ase. Answer+ A Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ Application0Analysis

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1>% A given solution contains 5.555$9$5"7% moles of hydrogen ions HHFI per liter. *hich of the following est descri es this solution2 A% acidic+ will accept HF from oth strong and wea. acids '% asic+ will accept HF from oth strong and wea. acids #% acidic+ will give HF to wea. acids, ut accept HF from strong acids (% asic+ will give HF to wea. acids, ut accept HF from wea. acids )% acidic+ will give HF to oth strong and wea. acids Answer+ # Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ Application0Analysis 1A% A solution contains 5.555555$9$5"=% moles of hydroxyl ions H:H"I per liter. *hich of the following est descri es this solution2 A% acidic+ HF acceptor '% asic+ HF acceptor #% acidic+ HF donor (% asic+ HF donor )% neutral Answer+ ) Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ Application0Analysis ,5% *hat is the pH of a solution with a hydroxyl ion H:H"I concentration of $5"$1 M2 A% pH 1 '% pH 7 #% pH $5 (% pH $1 )% pH $7 Answer+ A Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ Application0Analysis ,$% *hat is the pH of a $ millimolar Ea:H solution2 A% pH , '% pH > #% pH A (% pH $5 )% pH $$ Answer+ ) Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ Application0Analysis

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,1% *hich of the following solutions would require the greatest amount of ase to e added to ring the solution to neutral pH2 A% gastric Juice at pH 1 '% vinegar at pH , #% tomato Juice at pH 7 (% lac. coffee at pH 8 )% household leach at pH $1 Answer+ A Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension ,,% *hat is the hydrogen ion HHFI concentration of a solution of pH >2 A% > M '% > x $5"; M #% 5.5$ M (% $5"> M )% $5"; M Answer+ ( Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension ,7% &f the pH of a solution is decreased from A to >, it means that the A% concentration of HF has decreased to one"tenth 9$0$5% what it was at pH A. '% concentration of HF has increased tenfold 9$5K% compared to what it was at pH A. #% concentration of :H" has increased tenfold 9$5K% compared to what it was at pH A. (% concentration of :H" has decreased to one"tenth 9$0$5% what it was at pH A. )% concentration of HF has increased tenfold 9$5K% and the concentration of :H" has decreased to one" tenth 9$0$5% what they were at pH A. Answer+ ) Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ Application0Analysis ,8% &f the pH of a solution is increased from pH 8 to pH =, it means that the A% concentration of HF is twice 91K% what it was at pH 8. '% concentration of HF is one"half 9$01% what it was at pH 8. #% concentration of :H" is $55 times greater than what it was at pH 8. (% concentration of :H" is one"hundredth 95.5$K% what it was at pH 8. )% concentration of HF is $55 times greater and the concentration of :H" is one"hundredth what they were at pH 8. Answer+ # Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ Application0Analysis

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,;% :ne liter of a solution of pH 1 has how many more hydrogen ions 9HF% than $ L of a solution of pH ;2 A% 7 times more '% $; times more #% 75,555 times more (% $5,555 times more )% $55,555 times more Answer+ ( Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ Application0Analysis ,=% :ne liter of a solution of pH A has how many more hydroxyl ions 9:H"% than $ L of a solution of pH 72 A% 8 times more '% ,1 times more #% 85,555 times more (% $5,555 times more )% $55,555 times more Answer+ ) Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ Application0Analysis ,>% *hich of the following statements is true a out uffer solutions2 A% They maintain a constant pH when ases are added to them ut not when acids are added to them. '% They maintain a constant pH when acids are added to them ut not when ases are added to them. #% They maintain a relatively constant pH of approximately = when either acids or ases are added to them. (% They maintain a relatively constant pH when either acids or ases are added to them. )% They are found only in living systems and iological fluids. Answer+ ( Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension ,A% 'uffers are su stances that help resist shifts in pH y A% releasing HF to a solution when acids are added. '% donating HF to a solution when ases are added. #% releasing :H" to a solution when ases are added. (% accepting HF from a solution when acids are added. )% oth donating HF to a solution when ases are added, and accepting HF when acids are added. Answer+ ) Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension

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75% :ne of the uffers that contri ute to pH sta ility in human lood is car onic acid 9H1#:,%. #ar onic acid is a wea. acid that dissociates into a icar onate ion 9H#:,"% and a hydrogen ion 9HF%. Thus, H1#:, L H#:," F HF &f the pH of the lood drops, one would expect A% a decrease in the concentration of H1#:, and an increase in the concentration of H#:,". '% the concentration of hydroxide ion 9:H"% to increase. #% the concentration of icar onate ion 9H#:,"% to increase. (% the H#:," to act as a ase and remove excess HF with the formation of H1#:,. )% the H#:," to act as an acid and remove excess HF with the formation of H1#:,. Answer+ ( Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ Application0Analysis 7$% :ne of the uffers that contri ute to pH sta ility in human lood is car onic acid 9H1#:,%. #ar onic acid is a wea. acid that, when placed in an aqueous solution, dissociates into a icar onate ion 9H#:," and a hydrogen ion 9HF%. Thus, H1#:, L H#:," F HF &f the pH of the lood increases, one would expect A% a decrease in the concentration of H1#:, and an increase in the concentration of H#:,". '% an increase in the concentration of H1#:, and a decrease in the concentration of H#:,". #% a decrease in the concentration of H#:," and an increase in the concentration of HF. (% an increase in the concentration of H#:," and a decrease in the concentration of :H". )% a decrease in the concentration of H#:," and an increase in the concentration of oth H1#:, and HF. Answer+ A Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ Application0Analysis 71% Assume that acid rain has lowered the pH of a particular la.e to pH 7.5. *hat is the hydroxyl ion concentration of this la.e2 A% $ C $5"$5 mol of hydroxyl ion per liter of la.e water '% $ C $5"7 mol of hydroxyl ion per liter of la.e water #% $5.5 M with regard to hydroxyl ion concentration (% 7.5 M with regard to hydroxyl ion concentration )% $ C $5"7 mol of hydroxyl ion per liter of la.e water and 7.5 M with regard to hydrogen ion concentration Answer+ A Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ Application0Analysis
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7,% Mesearch indicates that acid precipitation can damage living organisms y A% uffering aquatic systems such as la.es and streams. '% decreasing the HF concentration of la.es and streams. #% increasing the :H" concentration of la.es and streams. (% washing away certain mineral ions that help uffer soil solution and are essential nutrients for plant growth. )% oth decreasing the HF concentration of la.es and streams and increasing the :H" concentration of la.es and streams. Answer+ ( Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension 77% #onsider two solutions+ solution K has a pH of 7D solution G has a pH of =. @rom this information, we can reasona ly conclude that A% solution G has no free hydrogen ions 9HF%. '% the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution K is ,5 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution G. #% the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution G is $,555 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution K. (% the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution K is , times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution G. )% the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution K is $,555 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution G. Answer+ ) Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ Application0Analysis 78% &f a solution has a pH of =, this means that A% there are no HF ions in the water. '% this is a solution of pure water. #% the concentration of HF ions in the water equals the concentration of :H" ions in the water. (% this is a solution of pure water, and the concentration of HF ions in the water is $5"= M. )% this is a solution of pure water, and the concentration of HF ions equals the concentration of :H" ions in the water. Answer+ # Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension

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7;% #ar on dioxide 9#:1% is readily solu le in water, according to the equation #:1 F H1: L H1#:,. #ar onic acid 9H1#:,% is a wea. acid. Mespiring cells release #:1 into the loodstream. *hat will e the effect on pH of lood as that lood first comes in contact with respiring cells2 A% 'lood pH will decrease slightly. '% 'lood pH will increase slightly. #% 'lood pH will remain unchanged. (% 'lood pH will first increase, then decrease as #:1 com ines with hemoglo in. )% 'lood pH will first decrease, then increase sharply as #:1 com ines with hemoglo in. Answer+ A Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ -ynthesis0)valuation 7=% A ea.er contains $55 mL of Ea:H solution at pH B $,. A technician carefully pours into the ea.er $5 mL of H#l at pH B $. *hich of the following statements correctly descri es the results of this mixing2 A% The concentration of EaF ion rises. '% The concentration of #l" ion will e 5.$ M. #% The concentration of undissociated H1: molecules remains unchanged. (% The pH of the ea.er<s contents will e neutral. )% The pH of the ea.er<s contents falls. Answer+ ) Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ -ynthesis0)valuation 7>% )qual volumes 98 mL% of vinegar from a freshly opened ottle are added to each of the following solutions. After complete mixing, which of the mixtures will have the highest pH2 A% $55 mL of pure water '% $55 mL of freshly rewed coffee #% $55 mL of household cleanser containing 5.8 M ammonia (% $55 mL of freshly squee3ed orange Juice )% $55 mL of tomato Juice Answer+ # Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ -ynthesis0)valuation 7A% &ncreased atmospheric #:1 concentrations might have what effect on seawater2 A% -eawater will ecome more acidic, and icar onate concentrations will decrease. '% -eawater will ecome more al.aline, and car onate concentrations will decrease. #% There will e no change in the pH of seawater, ecause car onate will turn to icar onate. (% -eawater will ecome more acidic, and car onate concentrations will decrease. )% -eawater will ecome more acidic, and car onate concentrations will increase. Answer+ ( Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension

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85% How would acidification of seawater affect marine organisms2 A% Acidification would increase dissolved car onate concentrations and promote faster growth of corals and shell" uilding animals. '% Acidification would decrease dissolved car onate concentrations and promote faster growth of corals and shell" uilding animals. #% Acidification would increase dissolved car onate concentrations and hinder growth of corals and shell" uilding animals. (% Acidification would decrease dissolved car onate concentrations and hinder growth of corals and shell" uilding animals. )% Acidification would increase dissolved icar onate concentrations, and cause increased calcification of corals and shellfish. Answer+ ( Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension 8$% :ne idea to mitigate the effects of urning fossil fuels on atmospheric #:1 concentrations is to pipe liquid #:1 into the ocean at depths of 1,855 feet or greater. At the high pressures at such depths, #:1 is heavier than water. *hat potential effects might result from implementing such a scheme2 A% increased photosynthetic car on fixation ecause of the increased dissolved car on dioxide in the deep water '% increased car onate concentrations in the deep waters #% reduced growth of corals from a change in the car onateN icar onate equili rium (% no effect ecause car on dioxide is not solu le in water )% oth increased acidity of the deep waters and changes in the growth of ottom"dwelling organisms with calcium car onate shells Answer+ ) Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ -ynthesis0)valuation 81% &f the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH =, and the mitochondrial matrix is at pH >, this means that A% the concentration of HF ions is tenfold higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix. '% the concentration of HF ions is tenfold higher in the mitochondrial matrix than in the cytoplasm. #% the concentration of HF ions in the cytoplasm is =0> the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix. (% the mitochondrial matrix is more acidic than the cytoplasm. )% the concentration of HF ions in the cytoplasm is >0= the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix. Answer+ A Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ Application0Analysis

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Art Questions

8,% 'ased on your .nowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule depicted here is most li.ely A% positively charged. '% negatively charged. #% without charge. (% hydropho ic. )% nonpolar. Answer+ A Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis

87% How many grams would e equal to $ mol of the compound shown in the figure a ove2 9car on B $1, oxygen B $;, hydrogen B $% A% 1A '% ,5 #% ;5 (% $85 )% ,71 Answer+ # Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis

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88% How many grams of the compound in the figure a ove would e required to ma.e $ L of a 5.8 M solution2 9car on B $1, oxygen B $;, hydrogen B $% A% 1A '% ,5 #% ;5 (% $85 )% ,71 Answer+ ' Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis 8;% How many grams of the compound in the figure a ove would e required to ma.e 1.8 L of a $ M solution2 9car on B $1, oxygen B $;, hydrogen B $% A% 1A '% ,5 #% ;5 (% $85 )% ,71 Answer+ ( Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis 8=% A small irthday candle is weighed, then lighted and placed eneath a metal can containing $55 mL of water. #areful records are .ept as the temperature of the water rises. (ata from this experiment are shown on the graph. *hat amount of heat energy is released in the urning of candle wax2

A% 5.8 .ilocalories per gram of wax urned '% 8 .ilocalories per gram of wax urned #% $5 .ilocalories per gram of wax urned (% 15 .ilocalories per gram of wax urned )% 85 .ilocalories per gram of wax urned Answer+ A Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ -ynthesis0)valuation
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8>% &dentical heat lamps are arranged to shine on identical containers of water and methanol 9wood alcohol%, so that each liquid a sor s the same amount of energy minute y minute. The covalent onds of methanol molecules are nonpolar, so there are no hydrogen onds among methanol molecules. *hich of the following graphs correctly descri es what will happen to the temperature of the water and the methanol2 A%

'%

#%

(%

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)%

Answer+ ' Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ -ynthesis0)valuation

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8A% *hich of these molecules would e solu le in water2 A%

'%

#%

(%

)%

Answer+ ' Topic+ #oncept ,.1 -.ill+ Application0Analysis

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;5% #ar on dioxide 9#:1% is readily solu le in water, according to the equation #:1 F H1: L H1#:,. #ar onic acid 9H1#:,% is a wea. acid. &f #:1 is u led into a ea.er containing pure, freshly distilled water, which of the following graphs correctly descri es the results2 A%

'%

#%

(%

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)%

Answer+ ' Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ -ynthesis0)valuation -cenario Questions ;$% Gou have two ea.ers. :ne contains pure water, the other contains pure methanol 9wood alcohol%. The covalent onds of methanol molecules are nonpolar, so there are no hydrogen onds among methanol molecules. Gou pour crystals of ta le salt 9Ea#l% into each ea.er. 6redict what will happen. A% )qual amounts of Ea#l crystals will dissolve in oth water and methanol. '% Ea#l crystals will E:T dissolve in either water or methanol. #% Ea#l crystals will dissolve readily in water ut will not dissolve in methanol. (% Ea#l crystals will dissolve readily in methanol ut will not dissolve in water. )% *hen the first crystals of Ea#l are added to water or to methanol, they will not dissolveD ut as more crystals are added, the crystals will egin to dissolve faster and faster. Answer+ # Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ Application0Analysis ;1% Gou have two ea.ers. :ne contains a solution of H#l at pH B $.5. The other contains a solution of Ea:H at pH B $,. &nto a third ea.er, you slowly and cautiously pour 15 mL of the H#l and 15 mL of the Ea:H. After complete stirring, the pH of the mixture will e A% 1.5. '% $1.5. #% =.5. (% 8.5. )% A.5. Answer+ # Topic+ #oncept ,., -.ill+ -ynthesis0)valuation

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)nd"of"#hapter Questions The following questions are from the end"of"chapter OTest Gour PnderstandingQ section in #hapter , of the text oo.. ;,% !any mammals control their ody temperature y sweating. *hich property of water is most directly responsi le for the a ility of sweat to lower ody temperature2 A% water<s change in density when it condenses '% water<s a ility to dissolve molecules in the air #% the release of heat y the formation of hydrogen onds (% the a sorption of heat y the rea.ing of hydrogen onds )% water<s high surface tension Answer+ ( Topic+ )nd"of"#hapter Questions -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension ;7% The onds that are ro.en when water vapori3es are A% ionic onds. '% hydrogen onds etween water molecules. #% covalent onds etween atoms within water molecules. (% polar covalent onds. )% nonpolar covalent onds. Answer+ ' Topic+ )nd"of"#hapter Questions -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension ;8% *hich of the following is a hydropho ic material2 A% paper '% ta le salt #% wax (% sugar )% pasta Answer+ # Topic+ )nd"of"#hapter Questions -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension ;;% *e can e sure that a mole of ta le sugar and a mole of vitamin # are equal in their A% mass in daltons. '% mass in grams. #% volume. (% num er of atoms. )% num er of molecules. Answer+ ) Topic+ )nd"of"#hapter Questions -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension

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;=% !easurements show that the pH of a particular la.e is 7.5. *hat is the hydrogen ion concentration of the la.e2 A% 7.5 M '% $5"$5 M #% $5"7 M (% $57 M )% 7R Answer+ # Topic+ )nd"of"#hapter Questions -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension ;>% !easurements show that the pH of a particular la.e is 7.5. *hat is the hydroxide ion concentration of the la.e2 A% $5"$5 M '% $5"7 M #% $5"= M (% $5"$7 M )% $5 M Answer+ A Topic+ )nd"of"#hapter Questions -.ill+ /nowledge0#omprehension ;A% A slice of pi33a has 855 .cal. &f we could urn the pi33a and use all the heat to warm a 85"L container of cold water, what would e the approximate increase in the temperature of the water2 9Note+ A liter of cold water weighs a out $ .g.% A% 85?# '% 8?# #% $?# (% $55?# )% $5?# Answer+ ) Topic+ )nd"of"#hapter Questions -.ill+ Application0Analysis =5% How many grams of acetic acid 9#1H7:1% would you use to ma.e $5 L of a 5.$ M aqueous solution of acetic acid2 9Note+ The atomic masses, in daltons, are approximately $1 for car on, $ for hydrogen, and $; for oxygen.% A% $5 g '% 5.$ g #% ;.5 g (% ;5 g )% 5.; g Answer+ ( Topic+ )nd"of"#hapter Questions -.ill+ Application0Analysis

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