TNG QUAN V D LIU NH VIN THM TRN TH GII Bo co ti C s d liu nh, Trung tm CARGIS PGS. TS.

. Phm Vn C, Nghin cu sinh Nguyn Thu Hng

T nm 1972, sau khi M phng v tinh quan st Tri t u tin, hin nay c hng trm h thng v tinh khc nhau trn bu tri, Cc v tinh ngng hot ng gm c:
Quc gia Thi gian hot ng 1996 1997 2002 2003 1991 1992 1992 - 98 1972 - 92 1982 1990 1996 1978 - 86 1978 2001 1978 1986 1996 phn gii khng gian m SWI R PAN VNIR TIR SAR 8 16 16 700 250 700 250 700 1000 15/S 18 18/L 80 30 50 900 825 1.1km 825 1.1k m 30 120 2.7k m 825 1.1k m 100/L 10 20 rng cnh (km) 80 1400 1600 40-280 75/44 75/44 185 185 100 1500 1536 3000 100 60 26 ngy Chu k lp (ngy)

V tinh

B cm AVNIR OCTS GLI SAR OPS SAR MSS TM-4,5 MESSR VTIR CZCS AVHRR SAR 2xHRV

ADEOS ADEOS2 Almaz-1 JERS-1 Landsats 1-4

Nht Bn Nht Bn Nga Nht Bn

M Nht Bn M M M Php

MOS-1b Nimbus-7 NOAA 611,15 SEASAT SPOT-1, 3

Cc v tinh ang hot ng v d kin phng:

Quc gia M n Nga Php Chu u Nm B cm phng PAN Landsat5 IRS-1A ResursO1 N2 SPOT-2 ERS-1 1984 1988 1988 1990 1991 TM LISS I LISS 2 MSU-SK HRV AMI phn gii khng gian m VNIR 30 72 36 170 20 SWIR 30 TIR 120 SAR rng cnh (km) 185 148 74 600 60 30/C 100 Chu k lp (ngy) 16 22 22 2-4 1-26 16-

V tinh

600

10

SAR ATSR-1 LISS I LISS 2 VISSR AVHRR/ 2 ALT VISSR LISS 2 AVHRR/ 2 MSU-SK AMISAR ATSR-2 Imager GOES-9 M 1995 Sounder PAN LISS 3 WiFS SAR MOS WiFS MOMS2P MSU-SK Imager GOES-10 Meteosat -7 OrbView2 (SeaStar) M Chu u M/ Orbimag e 1997 1997 1997 Sounder VISSR SeaWiF S PR 2500 11004500 4.3k m/K 438km X,K, Q,W 10 10, 20 10, 20 2500 36 1100 170 1100 1100 600 30/C 1000 1000, 4000 10000 6 23 188 70 188 10100/ C 500 188 6 120300 1000, 4000 10000 188 16 600 1000 5000 0 5000 2500 1100 1100 1000 72 36 1000 5000 0 500 148 74x2 Bn cu 3000 2000/ K NA Bn cu 132 3000 600 100 500 Bn cu Bn cu 70 142148 774 45-500 200 770 44-88 350 Bn cu Bn cu Bn cu 15002800 220

IRS-1B n Meteosat -5 Chu u NOAA-12 TOPEX/ Poseidon Meteosat -6 IRS-P2 NOAA-14 (J) ResursO1 N3 M Php/M Chu u n M Nga

1991 1991 1991 1992 1993 1994 1994 1994

35 1635 22 22 0.02 0.5 10 0.02 24 0.5 2-4 1635 1635 0.02 0.02 2-24 24 5-24 4-6 5 5 14 14 0.02 0.02 0.02 1-2 0.067

5000 1100

ERS-2

ESA

1995

1000 0

1000 0

IRS-1C

1995 1995 1996

Radarsat Canada IRS-P3 n

Priroda/M ir Nga

1996

1000 0

1000 0 5000

TRMM SPOT-4

M/ Nht Php

1997 1998

TMI 2xHRVIR

790 60

0.067 3

Vegetatio n Landsat7 Ikonos M M/ Space Imaging Trung Quc/ Brazil 1999 1999 ETM+ Ikonos CCD IR-MSS WFI ASTER 15 1 20 80

1000 30 4 20 260 15 240, 480, 960, 1900 250, 500, 1000 2 1100

1000 30 60

2200 185 11 120 120 900 60

1 16 3 3-26 26 3-5 16

CBERS

1999

20 80 260 20

80 90

Terra (EOS AM-1)

M/Nht

MISR

370408 500, 1000

2-9

1999 Israel: EROS-A Imagesat NOAA-16 (L) M Jason-1 M/Php 2000 2001 2001

MODIS EROS-A AVHRR/ 3 ALT Quickbir d

1000

2300 14 3-4

1100

1100 2000/ K ?

3000

0.5 10

M: Quickbird DigitalGl obe -2 Aqua (EOS PM-1)

2001

4 250, 500, 1000 1000 500, 1000 1000

22

3-5

2002

MODIS AATSR ASAR MERIS AVHRR/ 3 HRG Vegetati on Orbview -3 BILSAT COBAN LISS 3 LISS 4 AWiFS CCD IR-MSS WFI

1000 1000 30/C

ENVISAT -1 ESA NOAA-17 (M) M

2002 2002

2300 512 100 300, 575, 1150 3000 60 2200 8 55,25 ? ?

2 3 3 3 0.5 3 1 3 4 24 5-24 24 3-26 26 3-5

1100 10 1000

1100 20 1000

1100

SPOT-5a Php M: Orbview- Orbimag 3 e Th Nh K: BILSAT BILTEN IRS-P6 (RESOU RCESAT n -1) Trung Quc/ CBERS-2 Brazil KOMPSA T-2

2002 2003 2003

1 12

4 26 120 24 6 60 20 260 24 6 60 20 80 260 24 6 60 80

6 20 80

140 24-70 740 120 120 900

2003

2003

Hn Quc i FORMO Loan/ SAT-2 Php NOAA-18 (N) M RSI 2004 2004 ISUAL AVHRR/ 3 AVNIR-2 ALOS Nht 2004 2004 2004 PALSAR SAR HRG Vegetati on 3

1100 15Oct

1100

1100

3000 35, 70 10,10 0/L 3100/ C 70-350 10-500 60 2200

0.5 2- 45 45 4-6 3 1

Radarsat -2 Canada

10 1000 240, 480, 960, 1900 250, 500, 1000 10 170 600

20 1000

SPOT-5b Php

MISR EOS AMM 2 ~ 2004

370408 500, 1000

MODIS MSU-E2 MSU-SK SROMN SAR-3 SAR-10 SAR-70

1000 600

600

600 5-7/X 530/S 30/L 5700/ X 2000/ K 4000 0/L

2300 24 300 1100 20-30 20-170 120170 450 NA

2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 10

Almaz-1b Nga OSTM THAIOS M/Php Thi Lan

HYDROS M ARIES-1 c ResursO2 Nga

~ 2005 ~ 2006 2007 ~ 2009

SLR-3 ALT

MOIST ARIES MSU-SK

10

30 170

30 600

1000 15 600 2-4

3 7

1.1. H thng v tinh Landsat H thng v tinh vin thm Landsat c tn gi c l Cc v tinh quan st ti nguyn Tri t. H thng v tinh Landsat c th c chia thnh cc th h sau: 1.1.1. Th h v tinh th nht: Landsat-1, 2, 3 Landsat-1, 2 v 3 c phng vo cc nm 1972, 1973, 1978 tng ng. Landsat-1 ngng hot ng nm 1978 sau khi c hng hc mt b cm, cn Landsat 2 v 3 ngng hot ng nm 1983. Nhng v tinh ny c cng cc tham s v qu o v cng mang mt loi

b cm. Qu o v tinh trn, ng b vi mt tri, quay quanh tri t trong khong 103 pht, qu o gn cc, gc nghing xp x 99o. V tinh c th quay quanh tri t 14 vng mi ngy. Mi v tinh c th qut ton b b mt tri t trong 18 ngy, ngha l c 18 ngy, ta s nhn c nh chp ca mt khu vc trn tri t. V tinh Landsat-2 v 3 mang 2 loi b cm chp nh l MSS (Multi Spectral Scanner v RBV (Return Beam Vidicon). B cm RBV him khi c s dng trong nghin cu mi trng. MSS (Multispectral Scanner) MSS l mt thit b qut nh theo ng c gn trn cc my bay hay v tinh, n to ra mt s nht nh cc nh ng thi mi mt knh sng khc nhau. Mi mt cnh chp ca MSS bao trm trn mt din tch 185x185km v n chng ln nh k bn khong 10 % dc theo ng chp. mi trm thu trn mt t, cc nh c chuyn t cc tn hiu in t sang nh dng bn en trng trn phim 7 li bi mt thit b ghi tia electron. Cc nh gc c t l xp x 1:3.369.000 c im LANDSAT-2 MSS
Bc sng BAND 4: 0.5 0.6 m (xanh lc) BAND 5: 0.6 0.7 m () BAND 6: 0.7 0.8 m (cn hng ngoi) BAND 7: 0.8 1.1 m (cn hng ngoi) rng cnh phn gii khng gian 185 km 80 m 80 m

Landsat-3 bao gm 5 knh MSS v 2 knh RBV camera. MSS c 4 knh tng t Landsat2 v knh th 5 l hng ngoi nhit c thit k hot ng bt k thi im no trn qu o, k c vo ban m, v mi gc cao mt tri. Bn bng u tin ch c th thu c khi cao mt tri ln hn 10o. C 6 b d cho mi bng ph MSS v v 2 b d cho bng hng ngoi nhit. V l do ny, bng th 5 (hng ngoi nhit) c phn gii ch bng 1/3 cc bng ph khc. 1.1.2. Th h th 2: Landsat-4, 5 Ti nc M, vi mc ch t chc mt h thng vin thm cht ch, c kh nng nghin cu mi trng t m hn, chng trnh NOAA ra i. V s ra i ca Landsat-4 v 5 cng khng ngoi mc ch . Landsat-4, 5 c phng vo cc nm 1982 v 1984 tng ng. Gc nghing ca cc v tinh ny l 98,30 v thi gian quay quanh tri t l 98,5 pht. Chu k lp l 16 ngy. S khc bit ln nht gia Landsat-4 v 5 vi cc v tinh Landsat trc l b cm RBV c b i v thay bng mt th h MSS mi l TM (Thematic

Mapper). B cm ny thu c nhiu knh ph hn v phn gii khng gian cng ln hn. c im ca b cm TM: TM c 3 knh nhn thy, mt knh cn hng ngoi v 2 knh hng ngoi trung c phn gii 30m, mt knh hng ngoi nhit c phn gii 120m Landsat TM Bc sng: BAND 1: 0.45 0.52 m (xanh-tm) BAND 2: 0.52 0.60 m (lc) BAND 3: 0.63 0.69 m () BAND 4: 0.76 0.90 m (cn hng ngoi) BAND 5: 1.55 1.75 m (hng ngoi trung) BAND 6: 10.40 12.50 m (hng ngoi xa/hng ngoi nhit) BAND 7: 2.08 2.35 m (hng ngoi trung) rng cnh: phn gii khng gian: 185 km 30 m 30 m (tr BAND 6: 120 m 120 m)

B cm TM c kh nng quan trc trn mt khong ph tng i rng (xanh lam n hng ngoi) v do , ng dng ca loi nh ny cng rng hn: 1. Nghin cu nc ven b (Band 1); 2. Xc nh s sinh trng ca thc vt qua phn x o di sng xanh lc (Band 2); 3. Lp bn dip lc nghin cu s phn b ca thc vt (Band 3); 4. Xc nh ng b nc (Band 4); 5. o c cc thng s v my v tuyt Band 5); 6. Lp bn nhit (Band 6); 7. Lp bn thy nhit (Band 7). nh TM c phn gii chung l 30 m. phn gii cao c c do cc b d rt nhy v nh lng t ho 8 bit trong qu trnh chuyn i t tng t sang dng s (256 mc xm). Bng MSS ch c lng t ho 6 bt (64 mc xm). iu ny c ngha cc

cnh TM c s lng pixel vi di ph ln hn. iu ny cn c th thy c qua tc truyn d liu rt cao: 84,9 MB/s. 1.1.3. Th h th 3: Landsat- 6, 7
Landsat-6 khng c phng thnh cng. Nm 1999, Landsat-7 c phng. V tinh Landsat-7 mang theo b cm ETM+ c kh nng hot ng trong mt di sng rng t nhn thy n cn hng ngoi v hng ngoi nhit. Landsat-7 thu c mt knh nh Panchromatic c phn gii 15m, cc knh ph khc c phn gii ging nh Landsat TM l 30m, ring knh hng ngoi nhit, knh 6 c phn gii khng gian cao hn: 60m. Ging nh cc th h v tinh trc, ng dng ch yu ca Landsat-7 l quan trc mt t: nh lp ph, s dng t, tai bin trt l, l lt, nghin cu a cht, nghin cu v quan trc th.... Tuy nhin nh kch thc cnh ln vi 185x185 km, phn gii ph cao, chu k lp ngn, Landsat-7 cng c ng dng cho nghin cu i dng.

1.2. H thng nh v tinh NOAA H thng nh NOAA c pht trin da trn kinh nghim t cc h thng v tinh trc nh NIMBUS, TIROS, TOS. H thng mang tn ca c quan ti tr NOAA (US. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Mc ch chnh ca NOAA l nghin cu nhit b mt bin v quan trc kh tng. C th chia h thng ra lm cc th h sau: 1.2.1. Th h 1: NOAA-2, 3, 4, 5 NOAA-2,3, 4, 5 c phng vo cc nm 1972, 1973, 1974 v 1976. Cc v tinh NOAA c qu o trn, gn cc, gc nghing 1020, ng b mt tri v c thit k i qua 2 ln mt ngy i vi mi trm thu nh NOAA. Nhng v tinh ny c chu k quay quanh tri t l 115 vi 12- 13 vng mi ngy. Cc v tinh NOAA mang theo b cm VHRR (Very High Resolution Radiometer) c s dng ch yu cho nghin cu i dng. B cm ny khng hot ng nm 1979 v c thay th bng AVHRR trn cc th h v tinh tip theo. 1.2.2. Th h th 2: TIROS-N, NOAA -6, 7, 8, 9. Nhng v tinh ny c phng vo cc nm 1978, 1979, 1981, 1983 v 1984. Chng cng c gc nghing so vi qu o l 1020-, nhng chu k quay ch cn 990 v cc v tinh quay mi ngy 14-15 vng TIROS-N (Television and Infrared Observational Satellite) ngng hot ng nm 1981. Mc ch chnh ca h thng v tinh TIROS l d bo thi tit v quan trc my. TIROS-N c s dng kim tra cc b cm cho h thng v tinh NOAA. B cm AVHRR dng trong th h v tinh th 2 ca NOAA c ng dng cho nghin cu i dng, ch yu l nhit b mt bin. NOAA-8 mang thm mt b cm khc phc v cho ng nghip l SARSAT (Search and Rescue Satellite-Aid Tracking) d cc tn hiu t tu thuyn gp nguy him AVHRR

AVHRR l mt thit b o bc x dng qut gm 4-5 knh (ph thuc vo tng phin bn) hot ng trong di sng nhn thy, cn v hng ngoi nhit. c im ca b cm c lit k nh sau: NOAA-7 - AVHRR CHARACTERISTICS
Bc sng: BAND 0.58 0.68 m (xanh lc- ) 1: BAND 0.72 1.10 m (cn hng ngoi) 2: BAND 3.55 3.93 m (hng ngoi trung) 3: BAND 10.50 11.50 m (hng ngoi xa/hng ngoi nhit) 4: BAND 11.50 12.50 m (hng ngoi xa/hng ngoi nhit) 5: 2700 km 1 km X 1 km

rng cnh phn gii

1.3.3. Th h th 3: NOAA 12, 13, I, K, L, M, N

1.3. H thng nh v tinh SPOT V tinh SPOT c phng ln u tin nm 1986 vi mc ch quan trc b mt tri t. Tuy nhin ng dng ca v tinh khng dng m cn c rt nhiu nghin cu bin v i dng, tng t nh v tinh Landsat.

Cc b cm ca SPOT c miu t c th trong bng lit k cc v tinh vin thm.

2. Cc h thng v tinh trn th gii

Hin nay trn th gii c hng trm loi v tinh khc nhau. Khi thit k, mi v tinh mang mt nhim v c th , tuy nhin, tu theo mc ch v kh nng, ngi s dng c th ng dng v tinh vo nhiu mc ch khc nhau. Di y l bng lit k cc loi v tinh ph bin trn th gii. Lit k c bt u t cc nc pht trin v vin thm nht, sau l cc v tinh loi nh do mt s nc kt hp.

I. Hoa K: a. H thng v tinh Landsat:

Qu o (kiu- cao-gc nghingck) Thng s b cm B cm phn gii rng cnh ng dng chnh Sn phm Cnh c sn Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi 1 nh Chui thi gian Di chp Ph t nh

V tinh

Bsng (m)

Knh

Landsat LANDSAT-1 (23/7/19726/1/1978) LANDSAT-2 (22/6/19755/2/1982) 0,50~ 0,60 m -ng b MT -915 km -99,2o -18 ngy MSS 0,60~ 0,70 0,70~ 0,90 0,90~ 1,10 RBV 0,475~ 0,575 0,58~ 0,68 0,69~ 0,88 LANDSAT-3 (5/3/197831/3/1983) -ng b MT -915 km -99,2o -18 ngy -ng b MT -705 km -98,2o -16 ngy 0,5~ 0,6 m 0,6~ 0,7 0,7~ 0,8 09~ 1,1 RBV 0,505~ 0,75 0,45~ 0,52 TM 0,52~ 0,6 0,63~ 0,69 0,76~ 0,9 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 88 m 30 m 98x2 km 185 km nh TM 80 m 185 km 200 80 m 185km 200

MSS

LANDSAT-4 (16/7/19827/1987) LANDSAT-5 (1/3/1985)

425 $ (Tp hp nh c hn 10 nm) 600-1000$ (Ty ca s- nh trc 1995) 1200-1500 $ (Ty ca s- nh t

1,55~ 1,75 10,4~ 12,5 2,08~ 2,35

5 6 7 120 m 30 m 80 m MSS

1995- 30/06/01)

MSS Ging Landsat 1,2,3 LANDSAT-6 (5/1992)- hng LANDSAT-7 (15/4/199931/5/2003) Ging Landsat4,5 0,450~ 0,515 m 0,525~ 0,605 ETM + 0,63~ 0,69 0,75~ 0,90 1,55~ 1,75 10,4~ 12,5 2,08~ 2,35 0,52~ 0,90 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 PAN

200 $ (T 1985- 1993)

30 m 185 km 450- 600 (ty ca s)

60 m 30 m 15 m

b. H thng v tinh NOAA

V tinh Qu o (kiu- cao-gc nghingck) -ng b MT -833~ 870 km - 98,7o~ Thng s b cm B cm phn gii rng cnh 2940 km ng dng chnh Sn phm Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Cnh Chui Di c sn 1 nh thi chp gian Min ph Ph t nh

Bsng (m)

Knh

NOAA (M) NOAA-12 (14/5/1991) NOAA-13, NOAA-I (921/8/1993)

AVHRR

0,58~ 0,68 m 0,725~ 1,1

1100m

10

NOAA-14 (20/12/1994

98,9o -Gn cc

3,44~ 3,93 10,3~ 11,3

NOAA-K (16/2/1998) NOAA-L (12/1999) NOAA-M (4/ 2001) NOAA-N (12/ 2003) NOAA-N (7/ 2007)

11,5~ 12,5 TOVSSSU TOVSHI RS/2 TIROS TOVSMSU (High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder Mode 2) SBUV-2 ERB 15 m 147 km 20 km 2220 km

50,61 GHz 53,73 GHz 54,96 GHz 57,96 GHz 0,252~ 0,3398 0,2~ 50 m 0,58~ 0,68 0,72~ 1,00 1,58~ 1,64 (ngy) 3,55~3,93 (m) 10,3~ 11,3 11,5~ 12,5 23~ 89,0 GHz 12 knh 8 knh 1 2 3 3 4 4 15 knh 110 km

169,3 km 67,8 km 0,5 km 1,1 km

AVHRR/ 3

AMSU-A

40 km

2240 km

11

AMSU- B

90~ 183 GHz 0,252~ 0,3398 m

5 knh 12 knh

15 km 169,3 km

c.H thng v tinh Orbview

Qu o (kiu- cao-gc nghingck) Thng s b cm B cm phn gii rng cnh ng dng chnh Sn phm Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Cnh Chui Di c sn 1 nh thi chp gian

V tinh

Bsng (m)

Knh

Ph t nh

Orbview (M: OrbImage) Orbview-1 (4/1995) ng b OrbView-2 MT (SEASTAR) -705 km (1/8/1997) -98,33o -1 ngy

SeaWIFS 0,402~ 0,422 m 1 1100m

2801k m LAC/H RPT 1502k m GAC

0,433~ 0,453 0,48~ 0,50 0,50~ 0,52 0,545~ 0,565 0,66~ 0,68 0,745~ 0,785

2 3 4 5 6 7

4500m

Mu i dng: chuyn i vt cht gia i dng v kh quyn, chu trnh sinh a ha, s pht trin ca sinh vt ph du

12

0,845~ 0,885 0,45~ 0,52 m MS 0,52~ 0,60 0,625~ 0,695 0,76~ 0,9 Pan 0,45~ 0,9

8 1 2 3 4 PAN 1m 4m 8 km Basic ng dng cho thnh lp bn , quy hoch th, giao thng GEO ORTH O 14~ 52$/km2 14~ 52$/km2 22~ 26$/km2

Orbview -3 26/6/2003

-ng b MT, cc - 470 km

d. H thng v tinh IKONOS

Qu o (kiu- cao-gc V tinh nghing- B cm ck) IKONOS (M: Space Imaging) IKONOS-1 (4/1999)- hng Thng s b cm Bsng (m) Knh phn gii rng cnh ng dng chnh Sn phm Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Cnh Chui Di c sn 1 nh thi chp gian

Ph t nh

KONOS-2 (24/9/1999)

- ng b MT - 681 km - 98,1o

0,45~ 0,90 m 0,45~ 0,52 0,52~ 0,60

PAN

1m

PAN 1m MS 4m

19/km2 (x 49 km2) 19 22

19/km2 (x 100km2) 19 22

thm 2050%

4m

11 km

Mu 1m Tt c cc knh

-1,5~ 2,9 ngy

0,63~ 0,69 0,76~ 0,90

26

26

13

e. H thng v tinh EOS

Qu o (kiu- cao-gc nghingck) - ng b MT - 720 km - 98,9o - 16 ngy Thng s b cm B cm phn gii rng cnh 1000 km ng dng chnh Sn phm Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Cnh Chui Di c sn 1 nh thi chp gian

V tinh

Bsng (m)

Knh

Ph t nh

EOS TERRA (EOS AM- 1) M/Nht Bn 18/12/1999 Nhim v chnh: tng kh nng nghin cu chuyn ng ca C v nng lng trong h thng kh hu ton cu

0,62~ 0,876

1~ 2

250 m

0,45~ 2,155

3~ 7 8~ 16 17~ 19 20~ 23 24~ 25 26~ 29 30 31~ 32

500 m 1000 m

MODIS

0,405~ 0,877

0,89~ 0,965 3,66~ 3,989 m 4,433~4,549 m 1,36~8,7 m 9,58~ 9,88m 10,78~ 12,28 m

Ranh gii t, my Tnh cht t, my Mu i dng, ph du, sinh a ha Nhit hi nc trong KQ My, b mt Nhit kh quyn Hi nc trong my Cirrus Ozone Nhit my, b mt cao nh my

Ti min ph nu c hn 7 ngy RAW 1A 1B

36$

42

Nn ta

50

14

13,185~ 14,385 2,5~ 3,5 m CERES 6~ 25 0,2~ 100 ASTER 0,52~ 0,60 m 0,63~ 0,69 0,78~0,86 1,60~ 1,70 2,145~ 2,185 2,185~ 2,225 2,235~ 2,285 2,295~ 2,365 2,360~ 2,430 8,125~ 8,475 8,475~ 8,825 8,925~ 9,275 10,25~ 10,95

33~ 36 25 km

1 2 3N/ 3B 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 90 m 60 km 30 m 60 km 15 m

1A Nn ph v ta chun

80 120

15

10,95~ 11,65 MISR MOPITT 0,4~ 0,88 m 4,7 m 2,3 2,4 MODISN CERES Aqua (EOSPM1) 4/5/2002 -ng b MT -702 km AIRS Ging TERRA Ging TERRA visible 3,3~ 15,4 m 23,8~ 89 GHz 89~ 183,3 GHz 14~ 36 GHz

14 4 knh 1 2 3 240m~ 1,92 km 22 km 60 km 120 km 40 km pb, v/c, sources, sinks CO & CH4 tng i lu

640 km

AMSU-A MHS MIMR

6 knh 4000 knh 15 knh 15 knh 6 knh

12 km

40 km 13 km 2~ 10 km

f. H thng v tinh EO
Qu o (kiu- cao-gc nghingck) Thng s b cm B cm phn gii rng cnh ng dng chnh Sn phm 1G Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Cnh Chui Di c sn 1 nh thi chp gian 1500$/ 250$ 250$ 42 km

V tinh

Bsng (m)

Knh

EO-1 M

ALI

Ph t nh 2000 $

16

21/11/2000

1Gs, 1Gst 1G Hyperion 1Gs, 1Gst

500$ 250$ 500$

500$ 250$ 500$

2500$/ 185 km 1800~ 2800$ (ALI& Hyperi on)

(<14 ngy)

g. H thng v tinh Quickbird

Qu o (kiu- cao-gc V tinh nghing- B cm ck) QuickBird (M- Digital Globe) QUICKBIRD-1 (hng) ng b Pan MT QUICKBIRD-2 (18/10/01) -450 km -97,2o MultiSpectral Thng s b cm phn gii rng cnh ng dng chnh Sn phm Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Cnh Chui Di c sn 1 nh thi chp gian

Bsng (m)

Knh

Ph t nh

0,45~ 0,9 m 0,45~ 0,52 m 0,52~ 0,6 0,63~ 0,69 0,76~ 0,90

PAN 1 2 3 4

0,61~ 0,72 m 2,44~ 2,88 m

16,5 km

Nn ph Nn ph v hnh hc Nn trc giao

Gim 20% Gim 20 % (25 km2) Gim 20% ( 100km2 )

5202$(PAN)- 5780 (MS)- 6936 (Bundle) 19/km2 (PAN)-22 (MS)26 (Bundle) (x64km2) 77/km2 - 84 (MS)100(Bundle) (x 150 km2)

17

II. Nht Bn a. H thng v tinh MOS

Qu o (kiu- cao-gc nghingck) Thng s b cm B cm phn gii rng cnh ng dng chnh Sn phm Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Cnh Chui Di c sn 1 nh thi chp gian

V tinh

Bsng (m)

Knh

Ph t nh

MOS (Nht Bn) MESSR visible near IR radiomet er VTIR visible thermal IR radiomet er MSR microwav e sounder radiomet er 0,51~ 0,59 m 0,61~ 0,69 0,72~ 0,80 0,8~ 1,1 0,5~ 0,7 6 ~ 7 m 10,5~11, 5 11,5~ 12,5 23,8 GHz 31,4 GHz 31 km 23 km 0,9 km 2,7 km 50 m Min ph hoc phi tr ph ph rt nh

MOS-1 (19/2/1987) MOS-1b ()

-ng b MT -909 km -99o -17 ngy

18

b. H thng v tinh RADAR- JERS

Qu o (kiu- cao-gc nghingck) Thng s b cm B cm phn gii rng cnh ng dng chnh Sn phm Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Cnh Chui Di c sn 1 nh thi chp gian

V tinh

Bsng (m)

Knh

Ph t nh

JERS OPS (Optical Sensor) JERS1(2/199210/1998) -ng b MT -568 km -98o -44 ngy VNIR visible and near IR radiomet er 0,51- 0,61 m 0,61- 0,66 18x 24 m 75 km

0,71- 0,86 m 1,61- 1,74 SWIR 2,01- 2,12 2,16- 2,25 2,27- 2,4 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) 1,275 GHz L

18x 18 m

c. H thng v tinh ADEOS

Qu o (kiu- cao-gc V tinh nghingck) ADEOS (Nht Bn) Thng s b cm B cm Bsng (m) Knh phn gii rng cnh ng dng chnh Sn phm Cnh c sn Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Chui Di 1 nh thi chp gian

Ph t nh

19

ADEOS (1996)

- ng b MT - 797 km - 99o - 44 ngy

0,402~ 0,422 m 0,433~ 0,453 0,48~ 0,5 0,51~ 0,53 OCTS

(Ocean Color and Temp. Scanner)

0,555~ 0,575 0,655~ 0,675 0,745~ 0,785 0,845~ 0,885 3,55~ 3,85 8,25~ 8,85 10,5~ 11,5 11,5~ 12,5 0,4~ 0,5 m 0,52~ 0,62 0,62~ 0,72 0,82~ 0,92 0,52~ 0,72 18,995 GHz 8m 25 km 42 km 1200 km 2795 16 m 80 km 700 m 1400 km

AVNIR
(Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer )

NSCAT
(NASA Scatteromet er)

TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer)

20

km IMG
(Interoferome tric Monitor for Greenhouse Gases)

8~ 15 m

8 km

20 km

POLDER (Polarizatio n and Directionalit y of the Earth's Reflectance )

0,433~ 0,453 m 0,46~ 0,5 0,52~ 0,56 0,555~ 0,575 0,66~ 0,68 0,76~ 0,77 0,86~ 0,9 0,945~ 0,955 5 km 1440x 1920 km

ILAS (Improved Limo Atmospheric

Sounder)

ADEOS- II (12/200210/2003)

AMSR GLI

14 knh 36 knh

5~ 50 km 0,25~ 1 km

c. ASTER (trong h thng v tinh EOS- M)

d. H thng v tinh ALOS

21

V tinh

Qu o (kiu- cao-gc nghingck)

Thng s b cm B cm phn gii rng cnh ng dng chnh Sn phm Cnh c sn

Bsng (m)

Knh

Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Chui Di 1 nh thi chp gian

Ph t nh

ALOS ALOS (9/2005) Nht Bn ng b MT -691,65 km -98,16o -46 ngy PRISM (Panchro matic Remote Sensing Instrume nt for Stereo Mapping ) Thnh lp 1 s loi bn Quan trc MT v tai bin iu tra ti nguyn TN

0,52~ 0,77 m

PAN

2,5 m

70 km

35km (Triplet Mode)

Xy dng bn 3D vi cc TT chnh xc v b mt T

AVNIR- 2
Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2

0,42~ 0,50 m 0,52~ 0,69

78m 1 2 70 km

Quan trc MTrng Phc v sn xut

22

0,61~ 0,69 0,76~ 0,89

3 4

NN Quan trc tai bin

PALSAR (Phased Array type L band Synthetic Aperture Radar) 1270MHz (trung tm)
Fine Mode

28 MHz (HH/VV) 14 MHz (HH+HV/ VV+VH)

7~44m 14~ 88 m 100m (multilook s) 24~89m

40~ 70 km

Quan trc l Quan trc chy rng, ng t, trt l

ScanSAR Mode

14~28 MHz (HH/VV) 14 MHz (HH+HV+ VV+VH)

250~ 350 km 20- 65 km

Polarimetric Mode

23

III. Php a. H thng v tinh SPOT

Qu o (kiu- cao-gc nghingck) Thng s b cm B cm phn gii rng cnh ng dng chnh Sn phm 1A,1B, 2A 2B 3 10 m 60 km 1 2 3 4 PAN 1 2 3 4 PAN 2,5- 5 m 10 m 1000m 2200 km 60 km 3100 * 20 m 1A, 1B, 2A 2B 3 12001900* 2440* 2620* 2700* 3240* 3420* 3100 * Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Cnh Chui Di c sn 1 nh thi chp gian 12001900* 2440* 2620* 2700* 3240* 3420* 3100 *

V tinh

Bsng (m)

Knh

Ph t nh

SPOT (Php) SPOT 1 (1986) SPOT 2 (1990) SPOT 3 (1993) -ng b MT -832 km o -99 -26 ngy 0,5~ 0,59 m HRV 0,61~ 0,68 0,79~ 0,89 0,51~ 0,73 0,50~ 0,59 m 0,61~ 0,68 0,78~ 0,89 1,58~ 1,75 0,61~ 0,68 0,43~ 0,47 Vegetation m 0,61~ 0,68 0,78~ 0,89 1,58~ 1,75 HRG 0,48~ 0,71 m 1 2 3 PAN 20 m

HRVIR SPOT 4 (1998) Ging SPOT 1,2,3

SPOT-5 (2001)

1A, 1B, 2A

27008100*

35008900*

24

0, 50~ 0,59 0, 61~ 0, 68 0, 78~ 0, 89 1,58~ 1, 75 Vegetation

1 2 3 4

10 m 10 m 10 m 20 m 2200 km

2B 3

32409180* 34209400*

40409980* 422010200 *

Ging SPOT-4

IV. C quan hng khng v tr Chu u a. H thng v tinh ERS

Qu o (kiu- cao-gc nghingck) Thng s b cm B cm phn gii rng cnh ng dng chnh Sn phm Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Cnh Chui Di c sn 1 nh thi chp gian

V tinh

Bsng (m)

Knh

Ph t nh

ERS (ESA) ERS-1 (25/7/199110/3/2000) -785 km -98o 52' -35 ngy AMI SAR image mode (Phn cc W) SAR wave mode (W)

5,3 GHz

30m

100 km

5,3 GHz 23 +5o

10m

5x5 km

25

Wind Scattero meter (W)

5,3 GHz Trc/sau 25-59o Gia o 18- 47

50km

500 km o cao sng, tc gi b mt, Thng s v Geoid v thy triu o nhit b mt bin, Nhit my,

RARadar Altimeter

13.8 GHz

KU

10 cm ( cao)

1,30

ATSR ERS- 2 (1995-)

1,60 m 3,70 10,80 12,0

1 2 3 4

1 km

500km

MWR GOME

b. H thng v tinh ENVISAT

Qu o (kiu- cao-gc nghingck) Thng s b cm B cm phn gii rng cnh ng dng chnh Sn phm Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Cnh Chui Di c sn 1 nh thi chp gian

V tinh

Bsng (m)

Knh

Ph t nh

ENVISAT (ESA) 0,555 m 0,659 0,865 1,6 1 2 3 4 1000 m

ENVI SAT-1

-Qu o cc

26

(1/3/2002) - 782 km - 35 ngy 3,7 10,85 12 ASAR SAR image mode Image Mode ScanSA R WS

5 6 7 RAW 400 (100x 100km) nt 600 t trc 12h24h: 3001000 1-2 tun: 100300

C 30 m 105 km

o thng s v kh tng, i dng, t, v bng

SLC25m PRI25m GEC25m Phn gii TB150m

nt

nt nt

nt nt 150- 600 (tu kch thc nh)

VV/H H

150

400 km o cao my, ct hi nc, v sol kh Chu k C trong i dng Nhit b mt bin Qun l ng nghip Qun l i b

100

MERIS 0,39~ 1,04 m 15 knh 300~ 1200 m 1150 km

27

V. n H thng v tinh IRS

Qu o (kiu- cao-gc nghingck) Thng s b cm B cm phn gii rng cnh 148x 174 km 74x 87km 63~70 km Thnh lp bn Quan trc tai bin Quan trc nng nghip Nn ph 530 (LISS III)1300 (PAN 800/16 00 (en trng) ng dng chnh Sn phm Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Cnh Chu i c Di 1 th i sn chp nh gian

V tinh

Bsng (m)

Knh

Ph t nh

IRS (n ) IRS 1A (17/3/1988) IRS 1B (29/8/1991) LISS I Trn, ng b MT LISS II PAN 0,50~ 0,75 1 72,5 m 36,25 m 5,8

IRS- 1C (28/12/1995)

-98,69 -817 km -Chu k quay 101,35'

0,62~ 0,68 WIFS

188

728~ 812 km

Nn ta v ph Bc cao

600 (LISS III)- 1470( PAN)

0,77~ 0,86 LISS-III IRS- 1D (29/9/1997) -874~ 824 km 0,52~ 0,59 0,62~ 0,68

4 2 3

188 23 m 23 m 127~ 141 km

2560/4500 (tng hp mu) 1900/2500 1700/2800 a ph

1A 1B

28

-98,653o 0,77~ 0,86 1,55~ 1,70 IRS- P2 (15/10/1994) LISS II WiFS (VNIR) WIFS (SWIR) MOS- A MOS- B MOS- C -Qu o cc, ng b MT -720 km -2 ngy 1 18 knh 4 5 23 m 70 m 2560-4500 (t hp mu TN)

188m 188x 246 m 195 m 200 m 192 m Phn b chlorophyll ven b Phn x b mt i dng o thng s a vt l trn bin

IRS- P3 (21/3/1996)

810 km

IRS- P4 OceanSat (26/5/1999)

OCM

360x 250m

1420 km

MSMR IRS-P6 ResourceSAT1 (17/10/2003)

29

VI. Canada
Qu o (kiu- V tinh cao-gc nghingck) Radarsat (Canada) Thng s b cm B cm phn gii rng cnh ng dng chnh Sn phm Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Cnh Chui Di c sn 1 nh thi chp gian Ph t nh

Bsng (m)

Knh

SAR 25m x 25m SAR mode 35m x 28m 10m x 9m 20m x 28m ScanSAR 2 tia 25m x 30m 100m x 100m 32m x 55m 1 16 1 500 km 300km 4m 4m 4 4 100 km 150 km 45 km 75 km

RadarSat- 1 (4/11/1995 )

Khng ng b mt tri cao: 793- 821 km -98,6o -24 ngy

4 tia 100m x 100m 8

Quan trc hot ng ca bng, o cc thng s v sng bin, gi v d tm tu thuyn, du loang.. Sau cn c m rng cho nghin cu th, xc nh ng b, ma v...

C hn 1999: 2025 CAD/ cnh

30

VII. Nga
Qu o (kiu- V tinh cao-gc nghingck) Resurs-01 N2 (1988) Resurs-01 N3 4/11/1994 -ng b MT -678 km -98,04o - 21 ngy Thng s b cm B cm phn gii rng cnh ng dng chnh Sn phm Nn ph v hnh hc h thng Nn chnh ph v hnh hc h thng Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Cnh Chui Di c sn 1 nh thi chp gian

Bsng (m)

Knh

Ph t nh

MSU-E

0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7 0.8-0.9 0.5 0.6 35m 45 km

30$ (35km x35 km)

RESURS-01 N4 10/7/1998

MSU-SK

0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 10.4 12.6 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7

600km 140m

40$ (200km x 200 km)

Meteor-3M MSU-E

50 m

76 km

0.8-0.9

31

VIII. Israel
Qu o (kiu- V tinh cao-gc nghingck) EROS (Israel: ImageSat) ng b MT EROS A1 -480 km (5/12/2000) Qu o cc Chu k lp: Thng s b cm B cm phn gii rng cnh ng dng chnh Sn phm Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi Cnh Chui Di c sn 1 nh thi chp gian 1500$ 12,7 km Ph t nh 200$

Bsng (m)

Knh

PAN

0,5~ 0,9 m

1,8m

Multi Spectral

32

IX. Cc h thng v tinh khc

Qu o (kiu- V tinh cao-gc nghing- B cm ck) BilSat (Th Nh K/ BILTEN ) 27/9/2003 - ng b MT, cc - 685 km VNIR Thng s b cm phn gii rng cnh ng dng chnh Sn phm Cnh c sn Gi tin ($US ) Cnh t/mi 1 nh Chui thi gian Di chp Ph t nh

Bsng (m)

Knh

0,38~ 0,42 m 0,56~ 0,64 0,66~ 0,74 0,85~ 1,05 0,50~ 0,9 0,485

1 2 3 4 PAN 1 2 3 4 PAN

27 m

55 km

PAN CBERS(Trung Quc- Braxin) - ng b MT, cc -778 km -26 ngy CCD& IR-MSS)

13 m

25 km

0,555 CCD 0,660 0,830 0,51~ 0,73 IR-MSS 1,65 2,22 11,45 0,5~ 1,1 m 0,66 m 0,83

CBERS-2 10/2003)

20 m 120 km 80 m

200$

3-5 ngy (WFI)

PAN 1 2 PAN

160 m 80 m 260 m 900 km

WFI

FormoSat (ROCSat) (i Loan) FORMOSAT-2 -ng b RSI 20/5/2004 MT

0,45~ 0,90 m

2m

24 km Lp bn 1A, 2A

23103900*

33003900*

63006900*

33003900*

3000 *

33

-891km -99,14

t l ln 0,45 -0,52 1 8m 0,52- 0,60 2 3 0,63- 0,69 0,76- 0,90 ISUAL 3 4 Quan trc kh tng 30304620* 42004620* Quan trc mi trng

3330* nh tip theo 70207620* 40504110* nh tip theo

330390* 40204620* 10501110* 1000 3000 *

KOMPSAT (Hn Quc) KOMPSAT -1 - ng b MT - 685 km - 98,13o

KOMPSAT- 2 2004

0,50~ 0,90 0,45~ 0,52 0,52~ 0,60 0,63~ 0,69 0,76~ 0,9

PAN

1m 4m

15 km

34

ng dng ca nh vin thm

ng dng ca cc v tinh vin thm Tnh a dng ca cc d liu vin thm t phn gii khng gian, rng cnh, bng ph, tn sut chp lp li cng nh kh nng ca cc nh radar chp bt k thi tit hay thi gian no gip cho d liu vin thm c kh nng ng dng vi nhiu nhim v kinh t khc nhau: Cp nht bn a hnh (ti t l 1:25000) Quan trc nhim du c trn b mt v trong cc lp nc ti cc ni sn xut v vn chuyn du. Quan trc iu kin ca lp ph bng tuyt Quan trc trng thi ca t nng nghip c lin quan ti ma v v s dng t. nh gi mc thoi ho v quan st trng thi ca t nng nghip v chn th gia sc Kim tra cng tc a chnh (o c t..) Cp nht bn rng Quan trc s tin trin, lan rng ca chy rng Cp nht cc bn chuyn v trng thi cc i tng t nhin Xy dng m hnh s cao nh gi cc din th sinh thi do s m rng hoc pht trin ca lnh th

Qun l nh bt c phi php

Theo http://www.eurimage.com/applications.html, cc ng dng ca d liu vin thm c th c lit k bng sau:

Landsat TM Nnghip Lnghip Thm d cht Bn MTrn g MSS ERS ETM SAR + RADAR SAT SAR ERS JERS1 IRS Pan MS NOAA AVHRR Hi-Res QuickBird

ATSR SAR

35

Ql tai bin An ninh Dng ch Vin thng Bin/i b Sinh hot

Tt Kh tt

C hn ch Khng ph bin

36

Danh mc t vit tt:

AATRS ADEOS ADS AHAP AIRS ALI ALOS AMI AMSR AMSU ASF ASTER ATMS ATSR AVHRR AVNIR AVS BDT BER BIL BIP BPSK BSQ CALIOP CALIPSO CC CCRS CCT CDF CD-ROM CEOS CERES CONAE CPR CPR CrIS CRT CSA DAAC DADS DAR DAT DCP DCS Advanced Along-Track Scammomg Radiometer Advanced Earth Observation Satellite Angular Displacement Sensor Alaska High Altitude Aerial Photography Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Advanced Land Imager Advanced Land Observing Satellite Active Microwave Instrumentation Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit Alaska Satellite Facility Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder Along Track Scanning Radiometer Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer Advanced Visualization System Binary Decision Tree Bit Error Rate Band Interleaved by Line Band Interleaved by Pixel Bi-Phase-Shift Keying Band Sequential Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthoginal Polarization Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations Cubic Convolution interpolation Canadian Centre for Remote Sensing Computer Compatible Tape Common Data Format Compact Disk - Read Only Memory Committee on Earth Observing Systems (National Commission on Space Activities - Argentina) Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales Cloud Profiling Radar Cloud Profiling Radar Cross-Track Infrared Sounder Cathode Ray Tube Canadian Space Agency Distributed Active Archive Center Data Archive and Distribution System Data Acquisition Request Digital Audio Tape Data Collection Platform Data Collection System

37

DEM DFT DORIS DPC DPR DTM ECS EDC EDHS EECF EOC EORC EOS EOSDIS ERBE EROS ERS ESA ESOC ESRIN ETM+ EXOS-C FD FDR FFT FMC FOV GAC GCDIS GCMD GCP GeoTIFF GI GLAS GLI GMS GMT GOME GOMS GPS GSFC GST GVI HDDT HH HIRDLS HIS HLS HRPT

Digital Elevation Model Discrete Fourier Transform Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite Data Processing Center Dual frequency Precipitation Radar Digital Terrain Model EOSDIS Core System EROS Data Center ECS Data Handling System ESRIN ERS Central Facility Earth Observation Center (Japan) Earth Observation Research and application Center (Japan) Earth Observing System Earth Observing System Data and Information System Earth Radiation Budget Experiment Earth Resources Observation System European Remote Sensing Satellite European Space Agency European Space Operations Center European Space Research Institute Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus Exosphere Satellite- C Fast Delivery File Description Record Fast Fourier Transform Forward Motion Compensation Field of View Global Area Coverage Global Change Data and Information System Global Change Master Directory Ground Control Point Geographic Tagged Image File Format Geophysical Institute (at UAF) Geoscience Laser Altimeter System Global Image Geostationary Meteorological Satellite Greenwich Mean Time Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite Geophysical Processor System or Global Positioning System Goddard Space Flight Center Greenwich Sidereal Time Global Vegetation Index High Density Digital Tape Horizontal Transmit, Horizontal Receive (polarization) High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder Hue Intensity Saturation Hue-Lightness-Saturation color model High Resolution Picture Transmission

38

HSI HV ICU IDHT IFOV ILAS IMG IMS INSAT IR IR IRS ISCCP ISD JERS JMA JMR JPL KOMPSAT KOSMOS LAC LaRC LAS LBR LIDAR LIS LR- FAX LRR LTWG MDR MDR MDUS MERIS MESSR MHS MIMR MIPAS MISR MLS MMCC MO MOA MODIS-N MOPITT MOS MOU MSC MSFC MSR

Hue, Saturation, Intensity Horizontal Transmit, Vertical Receive (polarization) Instrument Control Unit Instrument Data Handling and Transmission Instantaneous Field of View Improved Limb Atmospheric Sounder Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse Gases NASA's Information Management System Indian National Satellite IR Imager Infrared Indian Remote Sensing Satellite International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Image Support Data Japanese Earth Resources Satellite Japan Meterological Agency Jason Microwave Radiometer Jet Propulsion Laboratory KOrea Multi-Purpose Satellite Local Area Coverage Langley Research Center Land Analysis System Low Bit Rate Light Detection and Ranging Lightning Imaging Scanner System Low Resolution Facsimile Laser Retroreflector Landsat Technical Working Group Master Directory Mission Data Recorder Medium Scale Data Utilization Station Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer Multispectral Electronic Self Scanning Radiometer Microwave Humidity Sounder Multiwave Imaging Microwave Radiometer Michelson Interferometric Passive Atmospheric Sounder Multi-angle Imaging Spectro Radiometer Microwave Limb Sounder Mission Management and Control Centre Magneto-Optical disk Memorandum of Agreement Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer- Nadir Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere Marine Observation Satellite (Japan) Memorandum of Understanding Meterological Satellite Center Marshall Space Flight Center Microwave Scanning Radiometer

39

MSS MSU MTPE MWR MWS NASA NASDA NCAR NDVI NEP NN NOAA NRL NRT NSCAT NSF NSIDC NVi OBDH OBR OCO OCTS OD OLR OMI OMPS OPS ORU OSC OV-2 PAF PALSAR PC PCM PCS PEM POEM POLDER POP PR PRARE PRF PRISM PS Q/L QPSK RA RADAR RBV

Multi-Spectral Scanner Microwave Sounding Unit Mission To Planet Earth Microwave Radiometer Microwave Sounder National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Aeronautics and Space Development Agency (Japan) National Center for Atmospheric Research Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Noise Equivalent Power Nearest Neighbor interpolation National Oceanics and Atmospherics Administration Naval Research Laboratory Near Real-Time NASA Scatterometer National Science Foundation National Snow and Ice Data Center Normalized Vegetation Index On-Board Data Handling On-Board Recorder Orbiting Carbon Observatory Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner Optical Disk Outgoing Longwave Radiance Ozone Monitoring Instrument Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Optical Sensor, Operations Orbital Replacement Unit Orbital Sciences Corporation OrbView-2 Processing and Archive Facilities Phased Array type L band Synthetic Aperture Radar Personal Computer Pulse Code Modulation Product Control Service Payload Electronics Module Polar-Orbit Earth Observing Mission Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectance Polar Orbit Platform Precipitation Radar Precise Range and Range-rate Equipment Pulse Repetition Frequency Panchromatic Remote Sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping Polar Stereographic (mapping projection) Quick Look Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying Radar Altimeter RAdio Detection And Ranging Return Beam Vidicon

40

RFI RGPS RIS S/N (SNR) SAGE SAR SASS SBUV SCIAMACY SDUS SeaWiFS SEM SIR SLC SPAN SPOT SS SSDA SSM/I SST SSU SWIR TACC TACS TDRS TES TIN TIROS TM TOMS TOVS TRMM TRSR UCAR UQPSK USGS UT UTC UTM UV VH VIIRS VIRR VIRS VISSR VLBI VMI VNIR

Radio Frequency Interference RADARSAT's Geophysical Processor System Retroreflecter in Space Signal to Noise Ratio Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment Synthetic Aperture Radar Seasat-A Satellite Scatterometer Solar Backscatter Ultra Experiment Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography Small Scale Data Utilization Station Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor Space Environment Monitor Spaceborne Imaging Radar Scan Line Corrector Space Physics Analysis Network Systeme Pour d'Observation de la Terre (France) Suspended Solids Sequential Similarity Detection Algorithm Special Sensor Microwave Imager Standard Star Tracker Stratospheric Sounding Unit ShortWave Infrared Radiometer Tracking and Control Center Tracking and Control Station Tracking and Data Relay Satellite Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Triangulated Irregular Network Television and Infrared Observation Satellite Thematic Mapper Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission TurboRogue Space Receiver University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Unbalanced Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying United States Geological Survey Universal Time Coordinated Universal Time Universal Transverse Mercator Ultraviolet Vertical Transmit, Horizontal Receive (polarization) Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite Visible and Infrared Radiometer Visible and Infrared Scanner Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer Very Long Baseline Interferometry Vegetation Monitoring Instrument Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer

41

VTIR VV WFC WMO WNS

Visible and Thermal Infrared Radiometer Vertical Transmit, Vertical Receive (polarization) Wide Field Camera World Meteorological Organization Wind Scatterometer

42