Chapter 6: Memory

Memory provides continuity to our lives So what we learn can be remembered

How do we remember things?

3 steps that must be completed: 1. Encoding
Transforming information so it can be stored May happen automatically but usually requires attention
Effort, attention, rehearsal

2. Storage
Keeping information in memory Involves changes in the brain (consolidation)

3. Retrieval
Be able to bringing stored memories to mind

How are memories stored?

In one of 3 memory systems 1. Sensory memory
Holds in our memory what we see, hear, or feel for a very short period of time To decide what is important to pay attention to

Pay Attention!
X
M L

B
P C

D
Z N

F
G H

2. Short-Term Memory (STM)

What we are thinking about or doing at any given moment Lasts about 30 sec. Often called our working memory

Ex: Conversations

Incoming information from sensory memory

Retrieving old memories already stored

 How much information can STM hold?

7 bits of information then displacement occurs Bits can be made larger by chunking information N H L C B C P E I V C R R C M P Use rehearsal to retain more information longer

3. Long-Term Memory (LTM)

Permanent memories Knowledge; develop skills Unlimited capacity

LTM: Subtypes
Declarative memory (explicit memory)
Facts, knowledge about self and world Self Knowledge:
Episodic memory

Non-declarative memory (implicit memory)

Skills, habits, conditioned reflexes

Other Knowledge:
Semantic memory

Type of Memory?
How to play videogames Your high school graduation Being afraid of dogs Name provinces of Canada Deciding which bus takes you to friends place Non-declarative Declarative (Episodic) Non-declarative Declarative (Semantic) Short-term memory