Book_3_EXOFYL:Layout 1

9/25/08

12:37 PM

Page 1

3O ... \ 2 ...... \ .. 2 2.1 \ 2.1.1.\

2.1.1.
(75%) (25%)

ISBN: 978-960-407-189-0

2008

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

2008

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

. ,

,

. ,

, ,

- , ,

, ,

, ..
..

... / ...... / 2.1.1 / 2.1.1.:

.
...

:

75%
25%

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

1
MANAGEMENT
1.1. Management
1.1.1. Management
1.1.2. Management
1.1.3.
1.2.
1.2.1.
1.2.2.

1.2.3.
1.3.
1.3.1.
1.3.1.1.
1.3.1.2.
1.3.1.3.
1.3.1.4.
1.3.2.
1.3.2.1.
1.3.2.2.
1.3.2.3.
1.3.2.4.
1.4.
1.4.1.
1.4.2.
1.4.3.
1.4.4.
1.5.
1.5.1.
1.5.2.
1.5.3.
1.5.4.
1.6.
1.7.
1.8. -
1.9.
1.10.
1.11.
2
2.
2.1.
2.2.

6
11
11
12
12
14
16
17
19
21
23
24
27
31
35
39
42
46
48
50
52
54
55
57
58
59
60
63
65
67
68
70
72
74
76
81
86
89
95
95
96
99

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

2.3.
2.3.1.
2.3.2.
2.3.3.
2.3.4.
2.3.5.
2.3.6.
2.3.7.
2.4.
2.4.1. -
2.4.2.
2.4.3.
3
3. 21o
3.1.
3.1.1.
3.1.2.
3.1.3.
3.1.4.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
4
4.
4.1.
, , , ..
4.1.1.
4.1.2.

4.1.3.
4.2.
4.2.1.
4.2.2.
5
5.
5.1.
5.2. / ..
5.2.1.
5.2.2.

5.3.

106
107
107
108
109
110
111
112
115
115
118
121
129
129
130
131
132
135
138
140
145
151
153
159
159
160
163
164
167
171
174
177
181
181
182
183
186
189
189

194

196

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

208

- (: )

209

210

- , 2002/03 (: , 2005)

211

212

1. ( , 2003: 76)

24

2.

26

3.

113

4. (
Goleman, Boyatzis, McKee (2002: 58-9)

117

5.

120

6. (: , 2002: 58,
)

135

7. / ..

149

8. ..
..

168

9.

171

10.

174

11. -

175

12.

177

13.

184

-
1.

37

2.

41

3. (: , 2003: 229)

64

4.

69

5.

82

6.

82

7. / ( Eurydice, 2000: 45)

91

8. Blake Mouton

102

9. ( , 2002: 377) 113

10. (McCauley & Van Velsor, 2003: 4)

122

11. R. Boyatzis

126

12.

160

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

- . ,
, . .
, ,
: , ,
, , , .
, , , . , ,
, ,
, .
. ,

, .

. .

.
.
,
, -

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

. .
,
.


.
,

. :
) , )
, ) , ) , ) .
( , , )

. ,
. ,

. ,
.
:
,

.

. , , , , , , ,
.

, .

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

, , ,
, , , . ,
.

. ,
.
. , ,
, , ,
, , ,
. , ,
, .
, , . ,
, ,
.
,
.
, 80 -- ,. .
.

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

1.

Management

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

1.1. Management
management , .
management :
) ,
,
) ,
1 .

Management management , , , .

1.1.1. Management
20 , , . .
, , ,
, , , , .., .
, , ,
, , ,
,
, , .
, (Chevallier, 1993: 26):
.

. 1

12

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

,
.

.
, , , .
.

W. Wilson 1887
(public administration), ,
. . , (, 1995: 14) . ,
management. , , ,
.
.
.
Weber.

.
, ,
. , . , .
, management, ,
, , .

13

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

: :

. . ,
,
. ,
, , ,
(, 1998: 9)

. ;

1.1.2. Management
management.
, , , , . , management
administration. , management
( , , .), . administration
(Dimmock, 1999: 442. Dean, 1995: 105).
(administration) management,
, (, 1998: 19).
,
.
.
,
. , Hersey & Blanchard (1977: 3) . , (1983: 5) -

14

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, , ,
(1999: 35) .
, . :
, , .
. . , .

(, 1984: 5).
, . ,
.
. , , , .

.
.
.
, , , . . , , ,
.
:

(, , , .)
, , (, , .) ,
, , , ,
. ( 1985: 64).

15

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

1.1.3.
management ,

. , , .
,
, , .
,
:
16
1975/1986 .... , , . 1566/85 ( 1)
, .....

, ,

. ()
, , , ,
, .
, ( , , ) ,
, , ,
, , , : ,
, , , ,
, .
, (2000: 24)
- -

16

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, Bush (1986: 3-4) (, )

.
.

1.2.
,
:
) (.. , .)
) .
, , ,
, , .
.
,

. ,
, ,
, .
.
2 , () ,
(, 1983, .34, , 1991: 157, , 1985: 270).
, , , , ,

.

(). :
2

, . Ch. Barnard, , The Functions of the Executive (1938).

17

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

: , , , , , . , , ,
(, 1998: 211).
:
.
, .
.
:
,
.
, ,
. , , , ,
, .
, :
, , (Chevallier, 1993: 19).
, , , , , , ,
( , 1990: 17).
( , , , ), ( , ).
, ,
, (Davies, 1981: 47-48). ,

(Etzioni, 1964: 3). , . , , .

18

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

1.2.1.

. , :
) , , ,

.
) , ,
,
- , , , ,
.
,
, - .
(, 1987: 149-150. Handy Aitken, 1988: 40. Everard Morris,
1999: 34. Chevallier, 1993: 29-30) :
, , , , , , .

. , , .. , , , .
) ,
, , , ., ) ,
, , , ) - ,
, .
,

(
), -

19

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

.
, , , .
management
(, 1998: 10-11). ,
,
.., , , , , , ,
(, 2003: 19). , .


,
. .
: Education
plc? ( ;) Maw .. (1984),
,
. :
management .
.

.
management , .
manager, .
.
management .

20

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

60 . , , , ,
, .

. ,
. ,
,
. , ,
.

1.2.2.


.
3 , (, 1983, .58. -, 2006: 272). , , , . , , . , , , . ,
(Bush,
2005: 2), . 3 : (efficiency),
(effectiveness)
(productivity). (scientific management) , (ratio) (input)
(out put). (actual performance) . (standard performance) (1992).

21

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

,
(, 1995: 40. , 2001: 85). ,
, (.. PISA4)

. , , ,
, , - , , . , ,
(Mortimore, 1995. White, 1997) , . , , , (Sergiovanni, 1987: 83-85. - , 2006: 282. , 1994: 50).

(Callahan, 1964: 192. , 1983, .58). , .
, ,
, , .
5
,
. ,
. , , .
, .

4
5

22

Program of International Student Achievement: .

. , . (2004)
- , . (2006).

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

.
. ,
, ,
,
.
: :

20
20

16
12

1.500
1.050

(201500/16=) 1.875
(201050/12=) 1.750
, ... 80%,
60%.
. 1.875 1.750 . ,
.
. ;
; , ;

1.2.3.

. , ,
,
.
.
, ,
H. Fayol Administration Industrielle et Generale (1916). Fayol POSDCRB,
, : , , , , , , (Gulick, 1937). ,

23

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

6 ,
, , , (, 2002: 39-40) , , , (,
2000: 27. Scanlan, 1974).
1: ( , 2003: 76)
Fayol (1916)

Gulick (1937)

Scanlan (1974)

(Planning)

(Organizing)

(Staffing)

(Directing)

(Coordinating)

(Reporting)

(Budgeting)

Koontz
ODonnel (1984)

(2002)

,
,
: ) , ) , ) ,
) , ) , ) ) .
, , .

1.3.
,
. 60, 6

24

, , ,
(, 2002: 41).

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, ,
, 20 , , ,
(Jaffee, 2001: 280-4).
,
.
(Evers and Lakomski, 1991: 99).

.
(Bush, 2005: 22. , 1995: 14),
.
, . , ,
. . ,

. .
,
(Evers and Lakomski, 2000: 6).
, - ,
, .
-
: , 7 .
, .
, ,
, ,
,
( 2).
7 (2000), (1998), (1991), DuBrin
(1998).

25

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

2:

-

/
Weber

,

/
: ,
:
: ,
: (managerial)
: ,
:
: ,
: ,
: ,
:
: ,
: (managerial)
: ,
: ,
:
:
:
:
:
: ,
:
:
: ,
: , ,
: /
: /
: ,
:

60 . . .
.
8 .

, ,
. , , T. Bush
Theories of Educational Leadership and Management (2005).
: )
, ) , )
)
(Bush, 2005: 32).
8 (1995: 21-2) Tyler
(1988: 101-194).

26

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

1.3.1.

20 .
:

,
. ,

.
, , ,
, .
,
(Jaffee, 2001: 6). ) Taylor,
1911

,

) Fayol (1916),
,
, , , .

, Max Weber, .
Weber (1979) ,
, . , . ,
, . Weber,
,
.
, ,

27

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, , ,
,
.
30 - 50, .
.
, , :
E. Mayo, , . E.
Mayo (1933) ,
. . , ,
. Mayo
,
,
. ,
, .
Mayo
60, . D. McGregor, C. Argyris,
W. Bennis, R. Likert. ,
. (Bennis, 1966)
.
, ,
.
, , , , , .

, , , -

28

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, .
(Ogawa et al., 1999: 278).
60 , . H. Simon J.G March,
Organizations (1958)

.

, 70
. Parsons,
. , ,
, , , (Clegg Hardy, 1996: 2). , ,
, .
.
(Boulding, 1956.
Ashby, 1956), ,
, .

, , ,
(Hills, 1976: 835).

.
, , , , ,

29

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

. , , , (Burns Stalker, 1961).

.
,
, , . ,
(, , ), - -

(, ..) ( ) ,
( ) (Thompson, 1967. Brunetti et al., 1972. Bredo, 1977. Lortie, 1975).

,

.
. ,
.
. , .
, .
, , .

( ).
,
.
( , , ).
, ,
, .
, -

30

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

.
,
, ,
, . ,
.

) ,

, ) ,
, ) )
. , ,
,
, .

,
. -

. .

, ,
.
.

1.3.1.1.
,
. - - . :

31

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, . , ,
,
.
.
. , ,
.
, , .
.

.
, ,
.
(, 2002: 59-70. , 1987) :
,
, , .
, .
, , ,
, ,
.
, ,
,
(Bidwell, 1965. Burns Stalker, 1961. Lortie, 1969), , , (, 1994).

32

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

Fayol
.
(Bush, 2005: 45), , , , , , . .
, . , . . :

. ,
(Holmes and Wynne, 1989: 63-4).
, , , .

. .

, , ,
, ,
, , . , ,
(Osborne, 1990: 9-10).
,
,
( , 2003: 251-2).

.
, Weber
.


, -

33

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, , , .
Weber ,
, . (2000: 62-4) :
, .
Peter,
,

,
, .
Parkinson,
, , ,
.
, .
(.. , 2000: 132. , 2002: 68)
,
, , ,
, , , , . . Kavouri and Ellis (1998: 106)
.
: (2002: 181) :

: .
, , . , .

34

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

. ..
, ( . . 353.1./324/105657/1, .24, .6),
, (.21) , , ; ; ;

,
.

1.3.1.2.
, 9,
, ,
, (Bush, 2005: 46). ,
. ,
,
. , ,
.
, , .
, .
.
9

.
. .
Max Weber .

. , , Weber ,
, , . ,
, ,
, .

35

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, ,
.
, (, 2000: 109-119. Hoy
and Miskel, 2007: 325. Bush, 2005: 46). .
10 :
.
,
, , .
, .
. .

.
. , .
.
, , .
,
, .
.
. , , . - , ,
.
. . ,

10

36

, . 212-213

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, . , .
.
. .
,
, , .
, ( 2)
, . , . ,
, (,
2005: 51).
, -

1:

.
,
,
. :

37

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, .
,
, ,
, , , ,
, . .
, , .
.
,
. ,
( , ), ( ) ( , ) (, 2005: 45),
. , , .
,
. , , ,
,
,
. ,
, . ,
, ,
, , (, 2000: 108).
, , . ,
. -

38

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, (Levacic, 1999: 25-6).

1.3.1.3.
, , .

, (, 1995: 21), .
,
- , -
,
. .

, , .
. ,
, , , ,

.
,

, , ,

, (Parsons,
1951. Katz Kahn, 1968. Scott, 1981. Hoy Miskel, 2007. , 1991. Hall,
1999: 30). , :
(, , .)
, , ,
. , , ,
, (Handy
Aitken, 1988).
, -

39

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

. ,
, , . ,
,
, , . , , . ,
,
.
, , , , , (, 2000: 110).
,
(, .), , . ,
, , ,
.
,
.

. .
Laumann, Marsden Prensky (1983)
: )
, ) )
. , ,
, (Hoy Miskel, 2007: 199). , , , , .
,
, , ,
, , , , , , , , .

40

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, 11 , .

, 2 .
, , )
, ) , ,

2.
:
/ , -,
, , ..., , ..
:


:

 :
,
,
..


: ,
.

 /,

:

:
/

/ ..

 : ,
,
,
 -

11 Getzels Guba (1957)

. ,
: ) ,
) ,
.
. , 2000: 48-53. , 2004: 24-8.

41

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

,
)
, ,
, ,
.

, , . , , ,
, , , , ,

. ,
, , ,
, , ,
, .
, , ,
, , . ,
.

1.3.1.4.
80, , . . ,
, , , . ,
(Bush, 2005: 64).
. ,
. :
,
. ,

42

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, , .
,
.

. , . , ,
.
,
12. ,
,
.
, , , ,
. ,
, (, 2000: 29-30).
,
(Hargreaves, 1994: 195). , ,
.
, ,
. : )
,
.
, , )
, (Baldridge et al., 1978: 33-4), )
12

(1991: 168-176)
.

43

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, , .
, ,
(, 2000: 31), )
,
, , )
. , . , ) , :
. Brundrett, ,

(Brundrett, 1998: 312-13).
. .1666/85
/ / .
.
(, ) ,
.
80 . ,
.1566/85
.
, (Hargreaves, 1994: 47-65)13.
, ,
13 Hargreaves (1994: 47-65),
,
: ) , )
, ) , )
. Hargreaves (1994: 208), , .

44

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

.
:

, ,
. ,
(, 1986: 81. , 1999: 131).
, , ,
(, 1987: 94),
. , 14.
, .
) 15, )
16 ) 17.
,
. , , ,
14 , ,
, ,
, .
15 , ,

. ,
, , ( ), .1566/85
.
16 , , , , , , , .
17

(, 1993: 99-101. , 1999: 131).

45

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

. , , . , ..,
, ,
.
. , .
, ,
(, 2006) ,
.

. , ,
, ,
,
, ,
- , , - .
: ,

(.. .353.1./324/105657/1/16.10.02,
.29, .4 5),
, (.. .353.1./324/105657/1/
16.10.02, .26, .3 13),
, ,

(.. .353.1./324/105657/1/16.10.02, .21, .2)
(.. .353.1./324/105657/1/ 16.10.02,.24, .16).
. , , , ;

1.3.2.
70 ,
, , -

46

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

. , , , , , ,
, (Weick, 1976). (Cohen et al., 1972).
, 60, . , , ,
. , (Craib, 1998: 160) . , ( )
.
,
. , , , , (Leithwood Duke, 1999) - . , . , , , , (Bates, 1993. Foster, 1986, 1989).
80, , , ,
,
, ,
. ,
, . , ,
. . ,
, , . , Derrida, Foucault, Boudrilliard, Laclau .,.
, . .

47

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, , ,
.

1.3.2.1.

,
(Bush, 2005: 134).
.
, . , ,
, , . ,

. , ,
,
(Bell, 1989: 139-40. , 2001: 148). ,
...,
,
.
(, , , .),
, .
.
Weick (1976) .
. ,
, , , , , (Weick, 1976: 5).

48

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, . Weick

, ,
, (1982: 675).

, ,
. :
, .
, ,

.


.
, ,
.

, ,
,
, (Bush, 2005: 152).
, , ,
. , .
, ,
.
:
(2002: 151,153,158)
(2002: 151)
(2002: 158).
(37%) (2002: 153).

49

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

; , , ;
,
(.. project) (.. ) (.. ). , ;

1.3.2.2.

, ,
. ,
, . ,
(Clegg Hardy, 1996: 2). Greenfield (1978,
1984) ,
, ,
. , ,
,
,
, . , , , . , , .
,
. (Bush, 2005: 117). (Craib, 1998: 193). , , .
, ,
, :
, . ,
( ).

50

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

.

.

,
.


.
, , , , . ,
,
. ,
,
.
,
. Hodgkinson (1993: x), o Greenfield
, .
: Hoyle (1981: 45)
.
; , ;
: ,
; ) , ) , ) , ) , ) . ; , ;

51

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

1.3.2.3.
18, , . , . ,
, , (Schein, 1985: 111) , , , ,
(Smircich, 1983). ,
. .
, ,
, (Kavouri, 1996: 67).
, , , , , ,

(Schein, 1985: 6) (Day, 2003: 180). , , , ,
, .. . , ,
.
,
. , , , .

( ) , .
:

. Morgan (1997: 141-2),
,
.
, .
, , 18 . (1995: 57), .

52

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, ,
.
,

.
, .

. , ,

.
: Dimmock and Walker (2002) ,
. . :
1.
/
2.
/
3.
, / ,
4.
, / ,
5.
, , / ,
6.
, / , , ,
7.
/
Bush and Qiang (2000: 60-62)
, :
-
,
- ,
- ,
. ,
- , ..
89 / Shaanxi. ( Bush, 2005: 158)
,

53

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

1.3.2.4.
,
, . ,
.
. ,
(Bush, 2005: 89).
.
, , , , . , ,
, . ,
, .
. , ,
.
:
, . , ., , .
, (
), (.. ), .
,
.

.
.
, .
-

54

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, . ,
,
.
.


/
( 1995: 29).
,

,
. ,
,
(Baldridge et al., 1978: 43-4).
: 2006 . 2986/2002 .

; .2525/97;
; ; ;

1.4.

, , .
. ) , ) , , , , ) )
.
) ) .
, ,
, . , -

55

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

. (1996: 253),
, .
.
.


. , , . .
. .


, .

. ( ),
. ,
.
, .
, :
) ,
,
) , , ,
) ,
, .

56

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

. ,
, . , ,
.

1.4.1.

. .
19 ,

. ,
, ,
,
. .
, .., , , ,
,
, , , , . . ,

20 (, 1984: 110). .
,
, . , 19 . . , (1996) . ,
(1994).
20 (
, 2006: 69).
. , (1999).

57

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

. , , , .

1.4.2.
, , . ,
, .
:
, (), , ( 353.1./324/105657/1, .1, .2).
, ,
,
( 353.1./324/105657/1, .2, .2).
,
, ,
, , ,
,
,
( 353.1./324/105657/1, .12, .2 ,).
,

(. 2218/94) .2817/2000 (.29, .14)
. ,
, , , (.2218/1994,
1), .
,
.
:

58

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, , , ,
( 353.1./324/105657/1, .14, .6).
, , ( 353.1./324/105657/1, .15,
.2)

1.4.3.
,

. ,
,
. ,
, , , :
,
,
, ,

. ,
, .
:
, , , , , ,
,
,
, ,
, , -

59

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

,
, ,
,

, , ,
,
.
.
.
, , , , ) , ) , ,
, (, 2000: 38).

1.4.4.
.
, , (, 2000: 74-5. , 1998: 101. , 2000: 53. ,
1999: 144-47). ,
, .

.
, , , . ,
, .

60

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

(2000: 53)21

(1999: 14447)22

1. :
, ,
,
,
.
, -

.
2. :
.
3. :
, ,
, .
4. :


.
5. : -

1. :

2. :

.

6. : -

3. : .

, , -

4. : .

, .
5. :
6. : .
21 . (2000: 61-66).
22 .

61

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

: 3 ,
,
, . , , . , , , ,
, - , .
, , ) , ) ) (, .) ) ) .
) (.1), ) (.2) ) (.3) ().
() () :
() (), :
.1.

.1.1.

.1.1.1.
(, )
.1.1.2.
(workshop)

.1.2.

.2.

.2.1. , ,

.2.2.1.

2.2.2.
.2.1.1.

.2.1.2.

.2.2. . .
..

.2.2.1. . .
..
.2.2.2.. . .

.3.

.3.1 . .
..

.
.3.1.1... . .
.
.3.1.2. .. . .

.3.2 . .
..

.3.2.1. .. . .

.3.2.2. .. . .

. , . ;
: . (2000: 62-3).

62

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

1.5. ( )
, , .
,
, . ,
(, .) (, .)
( , .) , .
, . (1998: 194), : ) , ) , , )
( ) ) .

:
.
. , ,
.
, , .

. , , .
, ,
. Gulick (1937). , :
) (.. ), ) , (..
, , .), ) (..
) ) (.. ). , , .

63

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

3: (: , 2003: 229)
:

( )
( )
:

( )

23

, , , , .

,
.

.
. Urwick (1937)
, ,
. ,
, , , .
23

64

, , , , , ,
(, 1991: 776). ,
, (, 1991: 665). , .

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

. ,
,
. . , .
, , 24.

, .
, , ,
, 25.
,
.
. , ,
.

1.5.1.
.
.
:
, 24 .
25 , , , , , , ,
. ,
,
, , .

65

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

. ,

,
. , .
) , ) , ) ) .
) , )
, )
.

, . ,
,
.
.
, , .. , , ,
. , .
) , , ) . ) , ) , ) , .
- () ,
,
, . , , .

, ,
. , .
,
, -

66

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, ,
. , , .

:
, ,
,

. ,
.
;
, ;

1.5.2.
, :

, ( ).
(concentration) (deconcentration) (, , 1990, .45-47). ) . (), . )
, , ,
. ,
.
, . ) ,
,
( , .),
) (),
,
, ,
(, ).
,
. -

67

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, ,
,
, (, 1991).
, , , (Chevallier, 1993: 397).
26. :
,
,
, , , ,
,
,
, , ,
, ,

.
, ,
: , , . ,
, , .

1.5.3.
, 27
,
.
26
27

. . , 1993: 254-294.

, .

68

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

4.

( )

-
(/
/ /)
)
) /

(/ /)

( /)

, ( , 1990: 79. , 1993: 213. , 1993: 64. , 2000: 221).

.
, 80
,

69

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, 20 , (, 2003: 79).
. 1566/85 ,


( .1566/85: 2). 90, .

.

.

1.5.4.
Dean (1995: 73-4), :



, .
, ,
( , ),
.
, .
,
, ,
,
( , ).
,
, . .

, -

70

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

. , ,
, .
,
,
. , .

. , . ,
. .
, , . , , , , (Cambell, 1992: 9). )
, )
(, 2000: 95). , , (, .). , . ,

. , , .
: ex officio
, , , . ,
(.. , .)
.

( - ), ; ; ;

71

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

1.6.
, : , . ,
. , . , ,
. ,
, , .
, . , , , ,
, .
.

. ,
, . , , ,
. , . , .
Mintzberg (1979) :
,
, .
, ,
, , . .

72

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, , , .
, .
, ,
.
. ,
, ,
,
, (, 2002:
192).
( , / , ),
, , ( , , ). ,

. ,
,
. , ,
, , , , .

:
25 .
.
, ,
. , , ,
. , . , ( )
. , .
; ; ,
;

73

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

1.7.

(, 1999: 65).
. .
8.
:
.
, ,
(Dean, 1995: 179-80). , , .
.
.
.
. , ,
.
, , . .
.
.

, ,
- ,
. , , .
, (
2000 / 1/7 (, 2002:
12)). , .2525/97 28 5 .

74

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

,
, , . ....
, , . ,
, (, 1999: 310-11. , 1984). , , . ()
, .
, ,
,
.
. ,
(), . ,
, ,
.

.
, ,
,
(, 2000: 62-3). , ,
, ,
(, 1999: 311-12. , 2000: 53), .
( , ),

75

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

29.
.3467/2006. ) , )
, ) )
, .
(, 2003: 241) ,
, , , ( , 2003: 127). , , (, 1998: 88. , 2001: 124).
: (. 1556/85, . 4, 6) ,
/ .

,
. ) , (, 1995: 56) ) , (, 1999: 297).
: , .

1.8.

.
. , ,
29 ( , .1566/85 .1304/82, .2043/92).
.3467/2006 , (
) ,
. , , .

76

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

(Dean, 1995: 105. , 1999: 293).

, ,
. ,
,
, , ,
, , .
, .
, :
,
.
.

, .
, .
30,
, .
, ,
, , .
,
, , (Everard & Morris,
1999: 119). , ,
.
30 .

77

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

. ,
. Everard & Morris (1999:
125-8) ) , )
, ) , )

)
.
31,
,
. : )
, , ,
.,
,
(Herzberg, 1966: 127-35), . )
, ,
, , .
, . ,
.
Maslow
.
, ,

.
) , , , . 32 , - - , .

. :
31 . . , 1998: 251-92. . , 2002: 247-308.
32 , , .

78

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

. ,
,
. , , .
. ,

( ). . .
.
, ( ) .

.

(, 2004: 169-170. ,
2006: 291. , 1994: 50). .
, (.. .353.1./324/105657/1/16.10.02),
.
.
,
, ,
, ,
( , 1994: 72).
, , , , , , , -

79

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

,
.
,
, .

,


. : )
,
,
. ) (. 1850/88), (. 1892/90) (. 1586/86) , , . ) ) , , ,
,
. (, 1999: 295). , - -
, ,
.
Maslow,
, (, .), , , , (, .),
(, .), (, .),
(, , ), . / , (1985)
. : 1)
, 2) , 3) , 4)
, 5) .
-. ; .

.

80

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

( )

1.9.
, , , , , . ,
, . , ,
, , , , . ,
( ),
, , .
70%,
(, 1994: 110). , , ,
, , ( , 1999: 141. , 1998: 336). ,
- , (, 2002: 428).
() , , , , ,
. , (.. , , , , ) .
( , , .) , .

81

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

5 :

(
)

(
)

(
)

. , , . , ,
, . , ().
. ,
(, .).
,
, , .
(
) ( ).
,
, , (.. ).
: ) ( ), -

6:

82

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, , .., ,
, ) ( ),
(,
1998: 344-5). , , ,
, , (Hoy & Miskel, 2007: 400-1).
Dean (1995: 165), :
,
,
,

.
,
, .
,
.
. (, 1999.
, 2002), .

, .
. , , (.. ). , ,
. ,
. ,
, . .
, ,
( / / ),

83

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

.
,
, Mintzberg33 (1973).
, , .
:
)
.
, ,
, , ,
, , , , .
, .
, , ,
.
) . ,

(, , , ), .
, .
,
. .
) . ,
, , , . , , . , .
: 25 -: 25 .., , , 16/12.
, , 18/12
12.45 13.30. , .
33

Mintzberg . . ,
2004: 159-166.

84

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

:
) , , ;
) , .
) .
)
.
) ,
.
) .
) .
: Dean (1995: 1767)
:
, .
, , .
.
.
.
.
. .
:

;

;
;
;

;

;
;
;
;
;
;
;

;

85

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

1.10.
,
. , .

, . . ,
, :
) ,
,
) ,
,
) ,
(Chevallier, 1993: 565-6)
) , (, 2002: 205).
, ,
.

. , )
, , )
) . ,
,
(, 2002: 206-7).
:

, .
.

, . , , . , .

86

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

.
.

.

. , .
(, 2000: 259-60),
,
. , , . ,
,
,
.
, ,
, . , .
,
.
. , , .
, , , , , , , .
. .
,
, , , .
,
. , .

87

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, , . , .
, , /
/ ( , ), (. .353.1./324/
105657/1),
(.2986/2002).
, , , . , .
.
,
, . , ,
.
, , :
,
.

.
, , .
.
, ,
, .

.
,
(Chevallier, 1993: 569),
. , ,

88

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

, .
(.2986/2002, 4, .1),
. , ,
, 5 .

: (2000: 2589)
:
1. , .
2. .
3. , .
4. , .
5. , .
6. , .
, ;

1.11.
,
. ,
.
. () , . .
.
. .
(, 1999: 186):

89

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

,
.
( ),
.

.
, (
)34 .
.
, , , , , . , .
, (),
, ,
.
,
. ,
. ,
. , , ,
(Chevallier, 1993: 556).
, . , 2002/03 (. ), , .

34
3 . , ,
, , , .

90

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

7: / ( Eurydice, 2000: 45)

()

.3274/04

/
.

,
, ,
.

,
,
,

/
,

7 ( ) , .

, ( , )
. , , , ,
35.

, . , ,
,
- -
( ) . , ,
,
(.. ).
35
.

91

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

:
) , , ,
) (, , ) ,
, ,
) .

, , , , ,
, , .
: 60 , , 40.000?. :
60 , 10 / ,
40,
5% ,
5/ ,
4% ,
40%
.

1

(60 10 40)

..

24.000

( ..)

4.800

..

..

1. (. .)

..

2.000

2. ( 5 )

..

3. ( . .)

. , (1999: 192)

19.750

..
..

.
..
500

. (5% .)
.

92

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Management

93

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

2.

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

2.1.
.
. .
70 Stogdill (1974) laissez-faire (-), ,

,
36. , ,
. , Yukl
,
. , (1994: 4-5).
, , ,
, (Stogdill, 1950: 3. Koontz ODonnell, 1982:
91), , , .

37 ,
. , , , , (Bush,
2005: 97. , 2002: 311).
38 39:
36 , ,
(DES, 1977: 36, Hopkins et al., 1994: 153).
37 .Yukl, 1994: 3. Bush, 2005: 5. , 2004: 209. , 2000: 226. , 1998: 294.
, 2002: 310.
38 () Weber. (Weber, 1979: 152),
. , ,
, , ( )
( ), - .
, , ( , 2003:
121). , ,
.
39 . , 2002: 311-2. Bush 2005: 97-100. , 2004: 135-6.

96

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

) , , ,
. , , .
) ,
(.. )
(.. , , ). ,
. ,
, .

.
:
) ,

.
) .
,
.
) .

, , .
) , , ,
.
Leithwood & Duke , ,
, , ,
(1999: 55-64).
.
, , (Leithwood
& Duke, 1999: 46).

97

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

. ,

. , . ,
, , (Dimmock, 1999: 442. Leithwood & Duke, 1999: 53).
(Bush, 2005: 8) , (Zaleznick, 1977: 71).

, , , , , . , . , ,

: (2002: 315)
,
.

.
().
, .
.
, , .
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
, , .
.
,
.
, .
, ,
.
.
.
.

, . , ;

98

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

, . ,
, .
, . , , , (Kotter, 1988,
, 2002: 313). ,
- , , ,
,
.

2.2.
,
40.
,
.
(
). 20 , .
,
. , , . , , , ,
.
;
; ,
. .
.
40 . . , 1998: 304-32 . ,
2002: 321-59.

99

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

)
30 (Lewin et al., 1939).


() . :

1. , .
,
.
2. (laissez fair), ,
. .
3. , ,
.

30
.
, (Smith and Peterson, 1988: 8). ,
.
, Mc Gregor (1960) Argyris (1957). Mc Gregor , ,
. , ,
, , , , .
Argyris , .
. Argyris (1964)
,
-

100

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

.
Likert (1961, 1969)
Michigan . ,
: ) ,
, ) , ,
, ) , ,
)
, . - , 20-40%
.
)
Ohio State University (Stogdill and Coons,
1957) University of Michigan (Katz and Kahn, 1968),
50 60.

,
: / . Michigan , .
Ohio, . , , .
Blake Mouton (1964).
(Managerial Grid),
9 9 ,
81 . (8) ,
,
.

.

101

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

8.: Blake Mouton

1,9

9,9

:

,

5,5
: -
-

:
,

1,1

9,1

. ,
, ,
, , ,
.
)

60 .
,

. , .

, .
Fiedler (1976. 1993) -

102

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

.
(Fiedler, 1976: 169).
, . Fiedler
: ) , )
,
( (least preferred coworker scale) Fiedler) )
,
, ,
.
: ) , ,
, ) , ) , , .
, Fiedler

, ( Fiedler ) .
. , Vroom Yetton (1973),
, , , , , ,
, .

: 1) , 2) , 3) , 4)
, 5) , 6)
7) , . Vroom Yetton
. Vroom (Vroom Jaco,
1998), -

103

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

.

,
.
, .
80,
, .
(Bryman, 1992).
(visionary),
(charismatic), , Bryman (1992:146-8), , , :

) (vision) , ,
) , ,
) ,
)
) .
Burns
(1978). Burns ,
, Roosevelt Gandhi
(transactional management) (transformational). (, .)
. ,
, (Burns, 1978: 20).
Bass (1985).
Burns,
. ,
. , Bass
:

104

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

1. (contingent reward): ,
2. (management by exception):

3. laissez-faire: .
, (Bass, 1990: 22):

1. (idealized influence):
,
, ,
2. (inspiration): .
, ,
, , ,
3. (individualized consideration): , ,
,
4. (intellectual stimulation): , .
Bass , ,
, (Bass, 1985. Avolio and Bass, 1988. Bryman, 1992).
House (1977).
O House
, , ,
(House, 1977: 191).
, . Bryman (1996) (dispersed leadership),
. ,
- (SuperLeadership) (Manz and Sims, 1991. Sims and Lorenzi,
1992), , ,
, ,

. Kouzes

105

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

and Posner (1993), , , , (Day, 2003: 196-8).

: 353.1/324/105657/1, .29, .3,

.
13 , , , , . , , .
, 12 ,

,
, ,
. , ,
.
13
12 ; ;
.

2.3.
80. .
Leithwood & Duke (1999),
121
, 1988-1998
41 . 42 , , : (instructional), (managerial), 41 : ) Educational Administration Quarterly ) Journal of School Leadership ( ), ) Journal of Educational Administration ( ), ) Educational Management
and Administration ( ).
42 Leithwood, Jantzi & Steinbach (1999), Bush &Glover
(2002) Bush (2005) (interpersonal), (transactional) (post-modern) .

106

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

(transformational), (moral), (participative) , (contingent) .

2.3.1.

, , , . , (Leithwood & Duke, 1999: 47).
(Bush, 2005: 15),
,
, . , , .
.
Hallinger & Murphy (1985),
,
: ) , )
) . , Southworth (2002)
: )
, ) ) .
,
(National College for School Leadership), Leithwood
(1994: 499-502) , , , , , .., .

2.3.2.

() . , , , (Leithwood & Duke, 1999: 52-3).
.

107

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

, Caldwell, ,
: ) , ) , ) ,
) , ) , ) , ) (Caldwell, 1992: 16-17).
Myers & Murphy : ) , ) (.. ) (.. ), ) (.. ), ) ) (.. )
(Myers & Murphy, 1995: 14).
, , , . (2002: 2323),

,
, . , , (1997: 75),
, , ,
.

2.3.3.

Burns Bass, . .
, , , (Leithwood, Jantzi & Steinbach, 1999: 9). . (Leithwood & Duke, 1999: 48-9).
,
,
,
.

108

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Leithwood (1994)
:
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
, .
, , . , ,
. , , (2002: 234-6).
(2001: 150) ,
, . ,
(1991: 167-176)
(transactional) , .
, , . , ,
, (Bush, 2005: 78).

2.3.4.
,
-

109

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

(Leithwood & Duke, 1999: 50-1).

. Bush (2005:171)
, (.. ), ,
(West-Burnham, 1997: 239-41). Evers & Lakomski
(1991: 186), ,
, , . Slater (1994) , ,
.

, Leithwood & Duke (1999: 51)
, . , .1566/85
. , , ,
, (, 2001:
149. & , 1991:172-3, 182, 250. , 2002: 194).

2.3.5.
,
- . , :
) , ) ,
) ,
(.. , , ), ,
/ (Leithwood & Duke, 1999: 52-3).

110

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Sergiovanni (1984: 13), :

, .



, (, 2006: 360).

2.3.6.

.
, ,
, (Leithwood & Duke, 1999: 50-1).
- , .

: :
, ,
, , ,
,
.
,
, : ) , , ,
. ) , , , ,
, , ,
,
(, 1999: 293).
, , , ;

111

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

: 353.1/324/105657/1, .21, .2, / /

.. ,
. , : )
, ) , ) ,
,
, ) , )
)
.

.
, , ,
, , .
; ; , ,
; ;

2.3.7.
,
.
, , . , . ,
. , , , .
, , ,

(National Standards for Headteachers) (DfES, 2004)43. ,
( 9), .

112

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

9: ( , 2002: 377)

:
,

,
-

:
,

:
,

,

:
/

:
,
,
,

3:
:
, :
, , ,
.
,
.
.
.
, .
:

, .
/ .
/ (, ).
, , , .

43 : (Evaluation of Teachers and

Administrators: Principles of Effective Administrative Leadership and Examples of Descriptors Massachusetts
Department of Education, 2003).

113

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

, , , .
, .
/.
.
:
, , , , .

.
, .
.
.
, , , .
, .
, .
, .
:
.
,
, .
.
.
(, , , ).
.
:
.
.
, .
, ,
.
,
.
.
:
.
.
& .
.
, , , , .

.
, - .
, , .
.

114

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

2.4. 44



. : )
) .
,
-, ,
, . ,
.
: . / ;

. .

2.4.1. -

.
44 .
( : , 1989-1993) (. 24082409), - , .
. . (, , , ..) , .
( ), ,
.
. , , ,
.
, , ,
. , . , ,
, . (. 1321).
, , ,
( ) ( ) .

115

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

. . , .
(2000: 239),
:
, . , , .
.
, , , , , .
,
, ,
, .
, Katz (1974), , , , :
, ,
,

,
.

(emotional intelligence) Goleman,
(IQ) , ,
(1997: 65-82). ,
(Goleman et al., 2002)
: ) ,
) , .
,
( 4).

, :
H ,

116

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

, , .
(Goleman et al., 2002: 50).
, , , . : , , , ,
, .
, . , , . , (Goleman et al., 2002: 50-78).
4: ( Goleman, Boyatzis, McKee, 2002: 58-9)
:
:
, , .
:
, .
: .
:
.
:
.
:
.
: . .
: .
: ,
.
: .
: .
:
: .
: , .

117

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

: , , .
: .
: .
: .
: .
: .
:
.
: .
: .
: .

2.4.2.
, , , , , , , ,
45.

. , , ,
.
, .
, .
, , , .
,
45

118

. Massachushets Department of Education, 2003. , 1999. Everard Morris 1999. , 1994.

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

.
, :
:
.
. . .
, ,
, . . , .
,
.
.
.
, :

, ,
.

.
, . ,
. , ,
46
, .

46 :
(DfES, 2004), (Goleman, Boyatzis & McKee, 2002), (, 2002), " (, 2000).

119

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

5:
, , ,



, ,

, ,

,

,

,

/ /

, ,
/

,

,



,


, , , ,

120

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

,
, ,

,



, , , ,
,

, ,

,

: (2002: 15) : , , ,
. :
1. ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. ;
5. ;
; ; ;

2.4.3.

. , ,
, .
, 12,
,

121

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

(, 2001: 35. McCauley & Van

Velsor, 2003: 3-4). , . , , .
, . , , , , (Day, 2003: 138-9. , 2001: 35).
10: McCauley & Van Velsor (2003: 4)

,
(Bush & Glover, 2004: 3-4):
) (, , )
.
) ,
. , , , . ,
.
) ,
,
.
) . , ,
.
) ,
, -

122

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

.
(learning organizations).
)
.
47 :
:
.
,
, .

, .
,
.
. , , .
. (1-6 ) , , , .

. ,
, ,
, .
. (.. ), . . . , , , .

.
47 (2002: 3636), Bush & Glover, (2004),
, (2001).

123

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

(e-learning).
, , - , , , .
Portfolio. Portfolio
. , (Wolf et al, 1997: 195). , , (, 2001: 130-1).
.
( , 2001: 151). ,
,
, , .

,
.
:
. (.. , , ) ,
, ,
, , .
. , , . .
. . , .

124

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

,
.
. , (.. , )
, (Bush & Jackson, 2002: 420-1. Cawelti, 1982: 324-39).

,
, . ,
. : ) , ) ) (, 2001a: 84). . 48.
.
360 . ,
, ,
, , . , (Bush & Glover, 2004: 15).
,
,
(Goleman,
Boyatzis & McKee, 2002: 130. West-Burnham & Ireson, 2004). Goleman,
Boyatzis McKee, 49 48 . , 2001: 85-8.
49 , , , . , . : ) , )
/ ) (McCauley & Van
Velsor, 2003: 1215).

125

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

11: R. Boyatzis

1. :
;

2.
: ;

,

4. :
, ,

5.
, ,

3.
:

, (2002: 50), , (2002: 122). , ,

. ,
,
(2002: 123).


. 11, : ) , )
, , ) 50, , ) , , ) (Goleman, Boyatzis & McKee, 2002: 131).
, (WestBurnham & Ireson, 2004: 10).

50 WestBurnham & Ireson, (2004: 53-71), 80 .

126

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

,
.
,
(, 2001: 86-7),
( , 2001: 126). ,
(, 1998: 85). , :
, , .
, , .

, :
.
,
, .
.
.
, ,
.
, .
(),
() () , ,
, ( , 2001: 125).

127

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

3.

21

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

3.1.
80 , .
90, , . ,

. ,
, ,
, .
(.. Quality Assurance Agency
), , , 51, .
80 ()
. , 52 , ,
. ,
, (.. ,
) (.. , ),
/ (.. , ).
,
50, , , , .
51 (
250, 2, ) /* COM/2000/0523 - COD
2000/0022 */24-1-2000.
52 , , ,
. . , ,
, .
.
,

.

130

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

,
.

3.1.1.
,
. ,
.
. ,
. . ,
, , . ,
. ,
,
.
, .
, , ,
, .

. - , ,
, ,
(, 1997: 24. , 2003: 21). , ,
.
.

. : )
(.. , ) (..
)
(.. ), (.. , , )

131

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

) (, ) (..
).
, , , .
, , , (, 2002: 514).

. , Crosby , Deming
(, 2003: 27).
,
(..
, , .). , ,
, .
,
, (, 2003: 28).

3.1.2.
, .
, Deming (1986), Juran (1988) Crosby (1979),
, , .
, . (,
1997: 29-31. , 2002: 60. , 2003: 76-84 ):
, . ,
-

132

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

. . , . ,
, , .
.
. , ,
.
,
.


. , , , ,


.
. ,

. , .
.
,
, , (, , ,
).
.

.
. ,

133

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

. , .
,
. , .
. . ,

, . ,
, ,
, .

, , , ,
, , , , , , .
.
, ,
, , . ,
, ) , ) )
.

,
,
.

. , .
, (2002: 58) , .
.

134

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

6: (: , 2002: 58, )


.
.

, .

.
management
.

.

.
,
.

.

.

.

.
.

.
management
.

.

.
.

.

.

3.1.3.
, - , , , .
,


. ,
.

, :
.
, , , .

135

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

(, .)
. . .
, ,
, . ,
(.. PISA) . ,
.
,
(, 1997: 3840).
, , ,
.
, , .
,
,
.

, (, 2003: 45).
. , , ,
-

136

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

(Everard & Morris, 1999:

225).
53 :


, , ,
.
. , ,

, .
, , ,
, , . , ,
.

,
. , , , . .
.
,
, ,
, , ,

. , . . , .
, , ,
, . ,
, , .
53 . , 2002: 58-9 , 2003: 361-4. (2004: 126-9).

137

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

. ,
,
.
. , ,
(, 2001).

3.1.4.
()
90.
. (.., 1996) 97 (.., 1997).
(.., 2001). , . (.., 2000) (16) , .
, . :

(learning to learn)

138

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

(, 2000):
.

, , , , , , .
.

.
.
, . /
(, 1999) .

,
, -

139

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

(, 1999).
. : ) (, , , , ), )
(, , , ) ) ( ) (, 1999: 61). ,
,
.
, (.. ), .
, - ,
(, 1999).

3.2.
,

. .
,

80.

,
, , . , , , , (, 2005).
.

(, 2003: 39-49):

140

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

1970,

.
, , , : ) , ( ) ( ) )

,
.
, , , ,
( ,
, , ), (, 2003: 59).

,
(- , 2006: 22. , 2003: 19).



. .
, .
, , , ,
, , ,
. ,
,

. ,

. , ,

141

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

, , . , ,

, , . , ,
, , .
:
) , , ,
)
, ,
) ISO

) , , .
, 1991 Major,
, .
(1998) )
fax (email), )

) ,
.
(),
.

- (2005). ) , )
) .

142

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

. . :
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
()
.
.
.

, : )
, )
) (Cut Red Tape) . , , ISO ,
- .


, .

, .

(Murphy & Louis, 1999).
( )
(, ), , , . ,
. ,

143

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

, (Foray and Lundvall,
1996: 12).
,
, , , ,

(CoE, 2003). ,
, , , , ,
( , 2000: 29).

, :
, ,
.
,
, , . , ,
, . ,

.
(
(, .) (, , .),
) , ) ) - , .
, ) (, .) , )
(.. ) (.. PISA) ) .
, .
-

144

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

,
.
, - , .
, , , , , .
,
,
, , , . ( .2525/97). (.2525/97 .2986/2002,
), (..201/98),
/ , (.2413/1996), ( ), , ,

( , .2525/97, .3467/2006).
, .

3.3. ()
, ().

(), .
, , , ,
, , , , .
Giddens (2002: 519), o
: )

145

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

, ) , ) , ) , , ) . .

, .
(e-government), , , ,

(, COM (2003) 567). ,
() :
) .
,
,
, , .

, .
) . , , , ,
. .
) . ,
,
, .
. :
) .
. , , .
,
. , ,
.
(, 2006: 18).

146

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

) . , . , , ,
. .
, ,
,
,
. (e-accessibility),
,
.
) .
(, 2004).

. ,
, .. ,
(interoperability)

, . ,
, , , , , , .
. eEurope (2002, 2005)
. i2010: European Information Society 2010,
:
: 2010 , , .
: 2010
.

147

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

:
,
.
-: -, : ) (e-ID) , .
:
, (e-democracy).
, .
.
(portal) .
.
,
, (ON LINE). 3 (5) , :
) ,
, online
(, , , , ).
) ,
online .
) , .
) ( ),
.
) ,
.
1996,
. )

148

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

7: /

..

/ offline

/ Online

%
internet

% /

/
11
4
23
67
14
22
26
15

/
33
6
63
183
39
59
56
37

/
90
98
90
22
91
87
56
84

/
86
68
37
12
45
65
39
71

/
8
1
14
17
14
9
18
9

/
14
2
23
43
28
19
40
15

/
96
99
98
58
95
98
91
96

/
63
86
46
12
37
80
38
56

: Commission of the European Communities, 2002

, ) ) (, 2006: 450). , , ( ., 2005: 137),

( 8).
() . , 1

. 2
, , -,
. , 3 , ,
, , .

:
(EET-www.edet.gr),
, , ,
(www.sch.gr), 12

.
(www.e-yliko.gr),
, ,

149

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

.
,
40% .
( )
(.2986/2002).
/ / .


. .

,
. ,
( ., 2005: 143).

e-School e-University.
-, , .
, (
) , ,
(, 2004).

: Day (2003: 443) :

,
. , , . , ,
.
, ,
; ;
;

150

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

3.4.

, , ,
.
,
, , , , , , .
.
90 , ( , 1995)
: (1996).
) ,

, )
, ) , (, , ) ) ( , , ),
.
(2003:48-9), , :
.
, (, 2005:33).
- , (, 2003: 48-9).
.
. , ,
- , ,
.
, .
. , , ,
,

151

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

.
.

, , , , , .
. , .
.
. .
, .
, (2005: 30-48) :
, ,
.
.
, ) )
, , ) , , .., , , )

)
,
,
, ,
) ,
) .
, , ,
, ,

152

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

(.. , )
.


,
. , ,
.
, , , .

3.5.

, , , ,
,
, . , ,

. , , , , , , ,
(, 1995 & 1998).
,
,
, . , , ,
.
.
, .
/ , -

153

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

.

) ) , (.. , ).
(Everard & Morris, 1999: 230):
: , , , , , , .., , .
: , , , .
(.. ),
(.. . 201/1998/161),
, (.. ).
, . :
, , (OSHA, 2007).
,
(bulling) , , . 2000,
4 % ,
, (
), , , 12 %
(OSHA, 2003).
, ,
, ,
. (burnout)54 .
, (OSHA).
,
, -

154

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

. , (on-line portal) () .
55 , , (on-line), 56 ,
.
OSHA , .
,
, , , , (OSHA, 2007).
OSHA
: (2003).
,
:
) ,
, , , , 57 .
54
) , ) , ) , ,
(, 1995. - .., 2002. , 2006).
, . (2006). . , 11: 135-42.
-, ., , . , . (2002). :
. , 5: 103-27.
55 http://europe.osha.europa.eu/good_practice/sector/education/.
56 (. 47)
,
, .
, 46
, 45
, ,
, , . , ( www.publications.eu.int).
57 (
),
,
.

155

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

) , ,
, .. .
) ,
, , .

. : 1) , 2) , 3)
, 4)
, 5) 6)
, 7) 8) / .
:
, ..
, , , .
, .
.
, .
.
: Council Directive 89/391/EEC 12 1989 ,
. Risk assessment in education ( ) OSHA . Everard & Morris (1999: 231), .
1 () 10 () .
(.. , ) (.. , ):
(.. , , ) :
(.. , ):
(.. , , ):
( , , )

156

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

21

:
:
:
(.. ,
):
:
:
,
21/11/2006, 15:17
..
. .
.
.
. , , .
, 29
. 13 , . , , . (: )
. :
, . , . , ,
. ( , 20/11/06)
:
) ; ( )
) ;
) ;

157

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

4.

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

4.1. , , , ..
(. . 1.3.1.3.),

, (..
) (.. , ) (.
2). , .

.

12:

. ,
(. 12), , , ,
(Everard Morris, 1999: 247). , , , , , , , , , -

160

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

, , , ..., . ,
. , , , , .

Hoy Miskel (2007: 257-82) : )
) .
) , , . :
,
.

.
.
,
. , (.. ), (.. , )
(.. ) , .
)
, , (Rowan Miskel, 1999).
,
, , ,
, ,
.
, . . , ,
. (.. , , , )

161

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

.
, , (interorganizational) . (Kast & Rosenzweig, 1985. Hoy & Miskel, 2007):
(buffering).

, . , , ,
. ,
(.. ) , .

.
, ,
, ,
.
.
, ,
.
- .
, ,
, , , , (Burns Stalker, 1961).
Hoy Miskel (2007) (interorganizational) :
. ,
, , , ,
.
.
.
-

162

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

(.. , ,
, )
. ,

(lobbying) .

, ,
, , .

4.1.1.
, , .
Mintzberg (1973) . ,
, :
, )
, ) ) ,
, )
, ) - )
,
, )
, ) , ) ) .
, .
, . .
,
, / / , .
, , .
, , , : -

163

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

, . , ,
,
. ) , )
, )
) .
,
,
.

,
, , .
.

4.1.2.

, , , ,
.
, (locus
parentis), . ,

( , 2003).
, ,
, , (, 2005: 76), (Everard Morris, 1999: 249). Dean (1995: 206-9) , , , , , ,
.
, , . -

164

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

,
(Dean, 1995:
219). , , , ,
. .
,
.
, , , ,
. , , (, 2006: 360).
,
. , ,
,
, .
. .1566/85
, , ,

, ,
( ). -
,
. ,
, (, ) , , (/ / )
,
(.50, .1566/85). , ,
-

165

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

, , , , . .
, ,
,
(.51, .1566/85). . ,
. , , , .
.
, 2, 1 .2621/98,
.53 .1566/85, . ,
.
, , .
, . , , , .
, 8/233/1/1221/16.11.88
, .
, 32 ...353.1./324/105657/1/16.10.02
.
, :
.
, .
.2621/98 .

166

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

,
,
.

4.1.3.

, .


.
,
, , (Everard & Morris, 1999: 247).

, . ,
,
, , .
. , (2000:
181) . ,

- ,
(, 2005: 77) . , ,
.
,

.

. ,
.
,
,
.

167

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

,
.
, ,

.
. ,
,
. , (, 2006: 233).
, ,
, . , , .
, , .
,
,
. 128 /
,
(, 2006: 231).

8: ..
..

:
, , .
, , .
, , ,
, , , ..
, , , , ..,
/

168

%
21,7
24,0
1,6
37,2
14,0

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

, 37,2% , (
) , ,
. , 14,0%, ( , 5,4%).

(. 4.1.). ,
.

. , ,

. :
, , ,
, ) )
.
. ,
, ,
,
. , ,
.
, (European project on Parental Participation in Schools).
. , (The
Scottish Office, 1999).

)
, )
, -

169

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

,

, )
, )
,
, , , ,
.

, . : )
, ) , )
, (Dean, 1995: 201).
, , , .
. , , , , .
, . ,
, .
, ,
.
: , (, , , )
;
; ; ( Everard &
Morris, 1999: 251)
: 128 / (,
2006: 233).
; ( ) ;
; ()

170

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

9:
/

0 <2 2 - 5 6 10 > 11

1. (, , ,
, .)
2. /,
-
3. / ( /,
/ /, / ..)
4.
5. - , ,

6. -
,
7. -
8. -
9.
( , , ..)

3,67
2,39
2,79
4,21
3,02
2,21
2,00
2,13
1,73

4.2.

. , , , . ,
.

. ,
, , , , , ,
. .
. , ,
.
.
, (Brock et al., 2005: 15).

171

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

(.. , ) (.. ). , ,
, ,
,
, , , ,
. , , , , .
, (..
, , )
, , (Stevenson, 1994: 2).
. , , . , / /
, , .
,
. , . ( 2, .1894/90). 15 ,
/ ,
, . ,
. ( /31-10-2006). , , .
, , . Brock
et al (2005: 16),
: ) , ) /
, ) , ) , )
, ) / .
.

172

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:51 PM

(.. , ), (.. ), (.. , ), (.. 1999 , ),

.
(Metzgar,
1994: 21).
,
.

.
.

,
,
(Metzgar, 1994: 21).
, .
(Metzgar, 1994: 20).
Slaikeu (1990, Brock et al., (2005: 18))

,
.
,

. , , . , .
,
. , ,
.
.
58.
58 . ()
www.oasp.gr. . http://www.tee.gr/online/
afieromata/2002/2184/pg055.shtml

173

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

4.2.1.
) , , , , )
, (, ), , ,
) (Metzgar, 1994: 18).
.
(),
.
.
10:
.
( , , ,
, ;).
(.. )
, )
3) ,
(Metzgar, 1994: 22).)
.
(.. ,
, , , -, , , , ).
.
.
() ( ).
( , , , , , ).
.
, ().
.
: Stevenson, (1994: 200-1)

174

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

,
, ,
, .
,
,
,
, .
11: -
1.
(, , ,
, , , )

.
, .

2.

.

(
)
:
,

- , ,
/ /


, , , .

3.
, .
,
, ,


, .

4.
(
, , , ). . .

/ /

.

,

,
,
.


.
.
:

,

, ,
, ,

, , , , .
:
( , )

/ /

.

175

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

5.

,
.

.
,
.

6.

.
/

.

7.

176

.

.





.

.

, /





.



.

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

4.2.2.
Slaikeu (1990) ) ,
, ) , ) .
, , ,
(Brock et al., 2005: 22).
Mitchell Resnik (1981: 11, Brock et al., (2005: 21)) : ) , ) ( ) ) , , .
,
Slaikeu (1990).
12:
1. : , . .
2. : ,
(, , , ).
. (, .)
3. :
(.. , , ), .
4. : , . (, , ),
, ( , ),
5. : ,
,
.

177

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

: Hubbard Wood ()

. Laurie Dann
, . , . . :
. , ,
, , . Laurie Dann,
. fast food
. ,
.
. .
.
.
,
. (Metzgar, 1994: 18)
16 ;
;

178

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

179

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

5.

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

5.1.

80 -- , ,
.
3
21 .
:
) . .
.
,
(Eurydice, 2000: 115)59.
) .
. ,
, (Eurydice, 2000: 79).
) . , , . ,
.
,
.
.
, , . (Eurydice, 2000: 277-87).
)
, , , ,
59 EURYBASE
59. : http://www.eurydice.org.

182

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

, .

.
,
.
, ,
, , , , (Chapman et al., 1999: 79). , , , ) )
( , 1999: 127).
, , , ,
.

5.2. / ..
, ,
, . ,
, (1995:
118) :
,
, ,
,

,
(, .., ) ,
,
.
, ,
,

183

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

.
. ,

, 18.

.
, ,
13.:

B,DK,EL,E,F,I
RL,I,L,NL,A,P,
FIN,S,UK

B,D,E,A

B,DK,EL,E,F,I,
IRL,L,NL,A,P,
FIN,S,UK

B,D,E,A

(EL)
LEA (UK)

B,DK,D,
FIN,S

DK,D,E,A,P,
NL,FIN,S,UK

D,EL,L ,A

60

B,DK,D,E,F,I,
IRL,NL,A,P,
FIN,S,UK
B

B,E

EL,E,UK

EL,E,F,
IRL,I,L,NL

B,D,E,A,P

UK

EL,E,F,
IRL,I,L,P,

B,D,E,A,P

UK

B,D,F,L,
A,P

B,DK,EL,E, I,
IRL,NL,
FIN,S,UK

B,DK,D,EL,F, B,DK,EL,
I,L,NL,A,P,
E,I,IRL
S,FIN
NL,FIN,S,UK
DK,FIN,S NL,FIN,S,UK
DK,FIN

,DK,IRL,
NL,FIN,S,UK

: Eurydice, 2002: 33 192-3. Eurydice, 2000: 37-76 118-20. Eurydice, 1994: 70-71. 1991
60
.

184

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

. , .
, ,
, . , , .
, , . , , .
,
. ,
. , ,
.
, (, 2002: 189).
5 (/ , /, , , ) , .

, , ( ) ,
, . ,
, .
,
, , .. , ,
, . ,

( )
, . -

185

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

,
.
,
, , , , .
(),
(LEA),
, .
( , , )

. , , , , , .

5.2.1.


, . . , , ,
(school head),
,
, ,
, .
, . , ( , .),
( , ,
.),

.
, , , ,
.

186

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

, ,
.

( ) , , , .
,
, , ,
, 61 .

,
, .
. , ,
. (, , , , , , ) .
, (, , ), (), ().
,
. ,
,
, .
61 , (2005).
44 , : )
( , .), ) (, .), ) ( .), ) (
, .), ) ( ,
, .), ) ( , .). , , .
, , ,
(. ).

187

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

, 15 , . (, , , , , , ), , , , , ,
. (, , , .
, , ),
() , . (, ), , (, 1996: 8-9).
, , , ,
. (2002: 149-151), (, , ) . ,
, . , , , , ,
. , .
3 () 10 (), (, , , ) .
, 160 240 ,
, , , , , . . , ,
, , ,
,
.
, . ,
. ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
,

188

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

.
.

5.2.2.
, (Eurydice, 1996). ,
.
,
(), (), (),
(, )
(, ). ,

(, ) ()
, , ,
(, ).

5.3.
, , . , .
: )
Pisa, 31
, ) ,
)
, .

338.000 5,2 , 580.000 . ( 6 448 ). ,
, -

189

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

(17,1 ) . , 94% , , 6%.

90 (5% ), ,
, . 90, 18,1% 1994,

, 9,1%
2004. , , , .

( 7 16
) (, , ).

, 1988
.
, ,
, , ,
,
..
6 , ,
, , , , , .
() . .
, , (, 2003: 7).

.
,
. - .
2003
, ,
, .

190

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

80 , . 1993,
.

. , . , .
1996 , , , , , . 1996/97 ,
. 1996,

. 1997

,
. ,
, .
.
,
90.

.
, ( 0,5%
), , 57%
, , 43%.
, . , 20-50% , .
, .
,
, -

191

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

, , , ,
.
, . . .
,
,
, .

, , .

,
. ,
, , . ,

.
.

, .

1972 , 1998 .
, . ,
, .
, , ,

. , .

,
(1998) -

192

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

, . ,
. ,
, . , . , , ,
, (per capita)62, 63. , , 64
. ,
. (, 2000: 99)
1998 . , 1 1998,
,
90% .

62 Per Capita: Per Capita ( ) ( , ).

. (, 2000: 202)
63 1993
( 1996: 73),
, , (, 2000:180).
64 ,
90 - (West, A. and Pennel, H./ Eurydice, 1996). . , , .
.

193

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

: ( ).
:
.
:
.
: ,
. .
: , .
: () .
: .
: .
():
.
: .
: .
, , .
: .
: .
: ( ), ( ), ( ) / ( ).
: , ,
,
.
: , , ,
,
.
: , , .
: ( F. Taylor)
.

194

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

:
.
: ,
.

: Weber
. .
: , , ,
, , , , . .
, : , .
, :
.
, : .
:
, , , .
, : , ,

.
: , , , , ,
.
, :
. .
: .
, .
: , , , , , , ,
.
(): , .
: , .

195

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

65

1[1] Abdel-Halim, A.A. (1983). Power equalization, Participative decision-making and Individual Differences. Human
Relations, 36: 73-88.
1[2] Argyris, C. (1957). Personality and Organization. New York: Harper and Bros.
1[3] Argyris, C. (1964). Integrating the Individual and the Organization. New York: Wiley.
1[4] Ashby, W.R. (1956). An introduction to cybernetics. London: Wiley.
1[5] Avolio, B. and Bass B.M. (1988). Charisma and beyond: Research findings on transformational and transactional leadership. In J.G. Hunt, B.R. Baliga, H.P. Dachler and Schiersheim (eds.), Emerging Leadership Vistas. Boston,
MA: Lexington.
1[6] Bacharach, S.B. (1988). Notes on a political theory of organizations. In A. Westoby, (Ed.) Culture and power in
educational organizations. Open University Press, Milton Keynes.
1[7] Baldridge, J.V., Curtis, D.V., Ecker, G. and Riley, G.L. (1978). Policy making and Effective Leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
1[8] Bass, B.M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
1[9] Bates, R. (1993). On knowing: Cultural and critical approaches to educational administration. Educational Management and Administration, 21: 79-115.
1[10] Bennis, W. G. (1966). Changing Organizations. New York: Mc Craw Hill.
1[11] Bidwell, C.E. (1965). The school as a formal organization. J.G. March, (ed.), Handbook of Organizations
(pp.972-1022). Chicago: Rand-McNally.
1[12] Blau, P., and Scott, W.R. (1963). Formal Organizations: a Comparative Approach. London: Routledge and Kegan
Paul.
1[13] Blake, R. and Mouton, J. (1964). The Managerial Grid. Houston: Gulf Publishing Co.
1[14] Bossert, S.T. (1985). Effective elementary schools. In R.M.J. Kyle (ed.), Reaching gor excellence. Washington,
DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
1[15] Boulding, K.E., (1956). General System Theory: The Skeleton of Science. Management Science, Apr.56: 202-205.
1[16] Boyan, N.J. (1982). Administration of educational institutions. In H.E. Mitzel (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of Educational Research. New York: Macmillan.
1[17] Bredo, E. (1977). Collaborative relationships among elementary school teachers. Sociological Education, 50:
300-9.
1[18] Brundrett, M. (1998). What lies behind collegiality, legitimation and control?, Educational Management and Administration, 26 (3): 305-16.
1[19] Brunetti, F.A., Cohen, E.G., Meyer, G.W. Molnar, S.R.F. (1972). Studies in team teaching in the open space
school. Interchange, vol.3: 85-101.
1[20] Bryman, A. (1992). Charisma and leadership in organizations. London: Sage Publications.
1[21] Bryman, A. (1996). Leadership in organizations. : Clegg, S., Hardy, C., Nord, W., (eds), Handbook of organi65 , 1994
(Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 4th edition. Washington D.C.: APA).

196

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

zation Studies (pp. 276-292). London: Sage Publications.

1[22] Burns, J.M., (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
1[23] Burns, T., Stalker, G.M. (1961). Management and Innovation. London: Tavistock.
1[24] Bush, T. (2005). Theories of Educational Leadership and Management. London: Sage Pub.
1[25] Bush, T. and Bell, L. (eds). (2002). The principles and Practice of educational Management. London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
1[26] Bush, T. and Glover, D. (2002). School leadership: concepts and evidence. Nottingham: National College for
School Leadership. www.ncsl.org.uk/researchpublications.
1[27] Bush, T. and Jackson, D. (2002). A preparation for school leadership: international perspectives. Educational
Management and Administration, 30 (4): 417-429.
1[28] Bush, T. and Qiang, H. (2000). Leadership and culture in Chinese Education. Asia Pacific Journal of Education,
20 (2): 58-67.
1[29] Caldwell, B. (1992). The principal as leader of the self-managing school in Australia. Journal of Educational Administration, 30: 6-19.
1[30] Callahan, R. (1964). Education and the cult of efficiency. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
1[31] Cambell, J. (1992). Managing teachers time in primary schools. Trendham: Stoke on Trend.
1[32] Cawelti, G. (1982). Training for effective school administrators. Educational Leadership, 39 (5): 324-39.
1[33] Chapman, J.D., Sackney, L.E. and Aspin, D.N. (1999). Internationalization in Educational Administration: Policy
and Practice, Theory and Research. J. Murphy and K.S. Louis (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Educational
Administration: a project of the American Educational Research Association (pp. 73-98). San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
1[34] Clegg, S. and Hardy, C. (1996). Introduction: Organizations, Organization and Organizing. : S. Clegg, C. Hardy,
W. Nord, (eds), Handbook of organization Studies (pp. 1-28). London: Sage Publications.
1[35] Clegg, S., Hardy, C. & Nord, W. (eds) (1996). Handbook of organization Studies. London: Sage Publications.
1[36] Cohen, M.D., March, J.G. Olsen, J.P. (1972). A garbage can model of organizational choice. Administrative
Science Quarterly, 17: 1-25.
1[37] Commission of the European Communities, (2002). E-Europe 2002 benchmarking: European Youth into the digital age (Based on the Eurobarometer surveys Flash 101 Headteachers and Flash 102 Teachers of FebruaryMay 2001). Brussels.
1[38] Council of Europe, (2003). Learning and teaching in the communication society. Strasburg: CoE.
1[39] Crosby, P. (1979). Quality is free. NY: McGraw-Hill.
1[40] Davies, B. (1981). Schools as organizations and the organization of schooling. Educational Analysis, vol.3, 47-67.
1[41] Dean, J. (1995). Managing the primary school. London: Routledge.
1[42] Deming, W.E. (1986). Out of the crisis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Center for Advanced Engineering Study.
1[43] Department for Education and Skills. National Standards for Headteachers. London: DfES,
www.ncsl.org.uk/researchpublications.
1[44] Department of Education and Science, (1977). Ten good schools. London: DES.
1[45] Dimmock, C. (1999). Principals and school restructuring: conceptualising challenges as dilemmas. Journal of Ed-

197

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

ucational Administration, 37 (5): 441-62.

1[46] Dimmock, C. and Walker, A. (2002). School leadership in context societal and organizational cultures, in T.
Bush and L. Bell (eds). (2002). The principles and Practice of educational Management. London: Paul Chapman
Publishing.
1[47] Etzioni, A. (1964). Modern Organizations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
1[48] European Commission: Eurydice ( ) (1991). Division of Education
Responsibilities (National, Regional and Local levels). Working Document. Brussels: Eyrydice Eyropean Unit.
1[49] European Commission: Eurydice ( ) (1994). Pre-School and Primary Education in the European Union. Brussels: Eyrydice Eyropean Unit.
1[50] European Commission: Eurydice ( ) (1996). School Heads in the
European Union. Brussels: Eyrydice Eyropean Unit.
1[51] European Commission: Eurydice ( ) (1996). Consultative Councils and Other Forms of Social Participation in Education in the European Union. Document published for the
Commission of the European Communities. Brussels: Eurydice Eyropean Unit.
1[52] European Commission: Eyrydice (2000). Key topics in education in Europe, vol.2. Luxembourg: Office for official
publications of the European Communities.
1[53] European Commission: Eyrydice (2002). Key data on education in Europe 2002. Luxembourg: Office for official
publications of the European Communities.
1[54] European Commission: Eyrydice/CEDEFOP/ETF (2003). Structures of Education, Vocational Training and Adult
Education Systems in Europe: Finland 2003. Helsinki: Eyrydice Unit, National Board of Education
1[55] European Commission, Eurydice, Eurostat, (2005). Key data on Education in Europe: Organisation - Section III Decision-Making Levels and Processes / All Areas of Decision-Making Show Varied Levels of Autonomy for Schools.
1[56] Everard, K.B., Morris, G., & Wilson, I. (2004). Effective School Management. London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
1[57] Evers, C.W. and Lakomski, G. (1991). Knowing educational administration. Oxford: Pergamon.
1[58] Evers, C.W. and Lakomski, G. (2000). Doing educational administration: a theory of administrative practice. Amsterdam: Pergamon.
1[59] Fayol, H. (1916). Administration Industrielle et Generale. Paris, (. , 1949) General and Industrial Administration, London: Pitman and sons.
1[60] Fidler, . (1997). School leadership: some key ideas. School Leadership and Management, 17 (1): 23-37.
1[61] Fiedler, F. (1976). A theory of leadership effectiveness. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.
1[62] Fiedler, F. (1993). The leadership situation and the black box in contingency theories. In M.M. Chemers and R.
Ayman (eds), Leadership Theory and Research: Perspectives and Directions. New York: Academic Press.
1[63] Foray D. & Lundvall B.A. (eds.) (1996). The Knowledge-based Economy: From the Economics of Knowledge to the
Learning Economy. In D. Foray and B.-. Lundvall, Employment and Growth in the Knowledge -Based Economy.
Paris: OECD Documents.
1[64] Forester, J. (1989). Planning in the face of power. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
1[65] Foster, W. (1986). The Reconstruction of Leadership. Victoria, Australia: Deakin University Press.
1[66] Foster, W. (1989). Toward a critical practice of leadership. J. Smith (Ed.), Critical perspectives on educational leadership (pp.39-62). London: The Falmer Press.

198

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

1[67] Getzels, J.W. and Guba, E.G. (1957). Social behavior and the administrative proccess. Scool Review, 65: 423-41.
1[68] Greenfield, T.B. (1978). The decline and fall of science in educational administration. In A. Westoby (Ed.) (1992)
Culture and power in educational organizations. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
1[69] Greenfield, T.B. and Ribbins, P. (eds). Greenfield on Educational Administration. London: Routledge.
1[70] Gulick, L., (1937). Notes on the Theory of Organization. : Gulick, L., Urwick, L.F.. Papers on the science of
Administration. New York: Institute of Public Administration.
1[71] Gulick, L., Urwick, L.F. (1937). Papers on the science of Administration. New York: Institute of Public Administration. (Reprinted New York: A.M. Kelley, 1969).
1[72] Hall, R. (1999). Organizations: structures, processes and outcomes. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
1[73] Hallinger, P. and Murphy, J. (1986). Instructional leadership in school contexts. In W. Greenfield (Ed.), Instructional leadership: concepts, issues and controversies (pp.179-203). Lexington, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
1[74] Handy, C. and Aitken, R. (1988). Understanding schools as organizations. London: Penguin.
1[75] Hargreaves, A. (1994). Restructuring restructuring: postmodernity and the prospects of educational change. Journal of Education Policy, 9: 47-65.
1[76] Hargreaves, A. (1994). Changing teachers, changing times: Teachers work and culture in the postmodern age.
NY: Teachers College Press.
1[77] Hersey, P. & Blanchard, K. (1977). Management of organizational behaviour: Utilizing Human Resources. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice Hall.
1[78] Hodgkinson, C. (1993). Foreword. In T.B. Greenfield and P. Ribbins (eds), Greenfield on Educational Administration. London: Routledge.
1[79] Holmes, M. and Wynne, E. (1989). Making the school an effective community: Belief Practice and Theory in School
Administration. Lewes: Falmer Press.
1[80] Hopkins, D. et al. (eds)(1994). School improvement in an era of change. London: Cassell.
1[81] House, R.J. (1977). A 1976 theory of charismatic leadership. In J.G. Hunt and L.L. Larson (eds.), Leadership: the
cutting edge. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
1[82] Hoy, W.K. and Miskel, C.G., (2007). Educational administration: theory, research and practice (8th ed.). New York:
McGraw - Hill.
1[83] Hoyle, E. (1981). The process of management, E323 Management of the school, Block 3, Part 1. Buckingham:
Open University Press.
1[84] Jaffee, D. (2001). Organization theory: tension and change. Singapore: McGraw-Hill International Editions.
1[85] Juran, J. (1988). Quality control handbook. NY: McGraw-Hill.
1[86] Katz, S.A., (1974). Skills of an effective administrator. Harvard Business Review, Sep/Oct 1974, pp. 90-102.
1[87] Katz, D., Kahn, R. (1968). The social psychology of organizations. New York: Wiley.
1[88] Kast, F. & Rosenzweig, J. (Eds.) (1985). The organisational management. NY: McGraw Hill.
1[89] Kavouri, P. and Ellis, D. (1998). Factors affecting school climate in Greek primary schools. Welsh Journal of Education, 7 (1): 95-109.
1[90] Khun, T. (1970). The structure of scientific revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1[91] King, R.A. (1983). The sociology of school organization. London: Methuen.

199

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

1[92] Kotter, J. (1988). The leadership factor. New York: FreePress.

1[93] Kouzes, J.M. Posner, B.Z. (1993). Credibility: How Leaders Gain and Lose it, Why People Demand it. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
1[94] Kowalski, T.J., (2005). Evolution of the school Superintendent as Communicator. Communication in Education,
vol.54, Number 2/April 2005, Routledge, part of the Taylor and Francis Group.
1[95] Laumann, E., Marsden, P.V. and Prensky, D. (1983). The boundary specification problem in network analysis. In
R.S. Burt and M.J. Minor (Eds.), Applied network analysis. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
1[96] Lawrence, P.R., Lorsch, J.W. (1967). Organization and Environment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
1[97] Leithwood, . (1994). Leadership for school restructuring. Educational Administration Quarterly, 30: 498-518.
1[98] Leithwood, . Duke, D.L. (1999). A centurys quest to understand school leadership. J. Murphy and K.S.
Louis, (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Educational Administration: a project of the American Educational Research Association (pp. 45-72). San Francisco: Jossey - Bass.
1[99] Leithwood, K., Jantzi, D. & Steinbach, R. (1999). Changing leadership for changing times. Buckingham: Open
University Press.
1[100] Levacic, R., Glover, D., Bennett, N. and Crawford, M. (1999). Modern headship for the rationally managed school:
combining cerebral and insightful approaches. In T. Bush and L. Bell (eds), The principles and Practice of educational Management. London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
1[101] Lewin, K., Lippit, R. and White, R. (1939). Patterns of Aggressive Behavior in Experimentaly Created Social Climates. Journal of Social Psychology, May.
1[102] Likert, R. (1961). New Patterns in Management. New York Mc Graw-Hill.
1[103] Likert, R.A., (1969). The Human Organization. New York: McGraw-Hill.
1[104] Lortie, D.C. (1969). The balance of control and autonomy in elementary school teaching. A. Etzioni (ed.), The
semi-professions and their organization (pp.1-53). N.Y.: Free Press.
1[105] Lortie, D.C. (1975). The schoolteacher: a sociological study. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1[106] McCauley, C..D. & Van Velsor, E. (eds) (2003). The Center for Creative Leadership Handbook of Leadership Development 2nd Edition. California: Jossey-Bass.
1[107] McCauley, C..D. & Van Velsor, E. (2003). Introduction: Our View of Leadership Development. In C..D. McCauley
& E. Van Velsor, (eds) The Center for Creative Leadership Handbook of Leadership Development 2nd Edition (pp.122). California: Jossey-Bass.
1[108] Manz, C.C. and Sims, H.P. (1991). SuperLeadership: beyond the myth of heroic leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 19: 18-35.
1[109] March, J., Simon, H. (1958). Organizations. New York: Wiley.
1[110] Mayo, E. (1933). The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization. New York: The Viking Press.
1[111] McGregor, D. (1960). The Human size of enterprise. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill.
1[112] Metzgar, M. (1994). Preparing schools for crisis management. In R.G. Stevenson, (ed.) What will we do? Preparing a school community to cope with crises. NY, Amityville: Baywood Publishing Company, Inc.
1[113] Mintzberg, H. (1973). The nature of managerial work. NY: Harper and Row.
1[114] Mintzberg, H. (1979). The structuring of organizations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
1[115] Mintzberg, H. (1983). Power in and around organizations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.

200

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

1[116] Morgan, G. (1997). Images of Organization. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

1[117] Mortimore, P. (1995). Effective schools: Current impact and future potential. London: Institute of Education.
1[118] Murphy, J. and Louis, K.S. (Eds.), (1999). Handbook of Research on Educational Administration: a project of the
American Educational Research Association. San Francisco: Jossey - Bass.
1[119] Myers, E. and Murphy, J. (1995). Suburban secondary school principals: perceptions of administrative control I
n schools. Journal of Educational Administration, 33: 14-37.
1[120] Orton, J. and Weick, K. (1990). Loosely coupled systems: a reconceptualization, Academy of Management Review, 15 (2): 203-23.
1[121] Osborne, A. (1990). The nature of educational management. In B. Davies, L.Ellison, A. Osborne and J. West- Burnham (eds), Education Management for the 1990s. Harlow: Longman.
1[122] Parsons, T., (1951). The Social system. New York: The Free Press.
1[123] Parsons, T., (1969). Politics and Social Structure. New York: The Free Press.
1[124] Pugh, D.S., Hickson, D.J., Hinings, C.R., Macdonald, A.M., Turner, C Lipton, T. (1963). A conceptual silence
for organization analysis. Administrative Science Ouarterly, vol.8: 289-315.
1[125] Rosenbach, W.E., Taylor, R.L., (Eds.) (1998). Contemporary issues in leadership. Colorado: Westview Press.
1[126] Rowan, B. & Miskel, C. (1999). Institutional theory and the study of educational organizations. In J. Murphy &
K.S. Liouis (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Educational Administration, pp. 359-83. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
1[127] Scanlan, B.K., (1974). Management 18. New York:Wiley.
1[128] Schein, E.H., (1985). Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
1[129] Scott, W.R. (1981). Organizations: Rational, National and Open Systems. New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs.
1[130] Scott, W.R. (1995). Institutions and Organizations, Foundations for Organizational Science. Thousand Oaks: sage
Publications.
1[131] Sergiovanni, T. (1984). Leadership and excellence in schooling. Educational Leadership, 41(5): 4-13.
1[132] Sergiovanni, T. (1987). The principalship, a reflective practice perspective. USA: Allyn and Bacon.
1[133] Sims, H.P. and Lorenzi, P. (1992). The new leadership paradigm. Newburry Park: Sage.
1[134] Slaikeu, K.A. (1990). Crisis intervention: a handbook for practice and research. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and
Bacon.
1[135] Slater, R.O. (1994). Symbolic educational leadership and democracy in America. Educational Administration
Quarterly, 30(1): 97-101.
1[136] Smircich, L., (1983). Concepts of culture and organizational analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28: 339358.
1[137] Smith, P.B, Peterson, M.F., (1988). Leadership, organizations and culture. London: Sage Publications.
1[138] Southworth, G. (2002). Instructional leadership in schools: reflections and empirical evidence. School Leadership and Management, 22: 73-92.
1[139] Stevenson, R.G., (1994). Schools and crises. In R.G. Stevenson, (ed.) What will we do? Preparing a school community to cope with crises. NY, Amityville: Baywood Publishing Company, Inc.
1[140] Stogdill, R.M. (1950). Leadership, membership and organization. Psychological Bulletin, 47: 1-14.
1[141] Stogdill, R.M. (1974). Handbook of leadership: a survey of theory and research. New York: Free Press.

201

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

1[142] Stogdill, R.M. and Coons A.E. (Eds.) (1957). Leader behavior: Its description and measurment. Columbus, OH:
Bureau of Business Research, Ohio State University.
1[143] The Scottish Office, (1999). Parental Participation in Schools.
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library/documents-w9/pals.fr.htm
1[144] Thompson,J.G. (1967). Organization in action. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill.
1[145] Tyler, W. (1988). School Organization: A Sociological Perspective. London: Croom Helm.
1[146] Vroom, V., and Yetton, P. (1973). Leadership and Decision-Making. E. University of Pittsburg Press.
1[147] Vroom, V., Jaco, A. (1998). The New Leadership: Managing Participation in Organizations. E. Englewoond
Cliffs.
1[148] Weber, M. (1968). Economy and Society, (trans. ed. G.Roth and C. Wittich). New York: Bedminster Press.
1[149] Weber, M. (1979). The Theory of social and Economic Organization. Oxford University Press.
1[150] Weick, K.E. (1976). Educational organizations as loosely coupled systems. Administrative science Quarterly, 21:
1-19.
1[151] West, A. and Pennel, H. (1996). New modes of financing education: a review of the literature. Report commissioned by the European Cultural Foundation on behalf of the Eurydice European Unit. London: Center for Educational Research.
1[152] West-Burnham, J. (1997). Leadership for learning: reengineering mind sets. School Leadership and Management, 17:231-43.
1[153] West-Burnham, J. and Ireson J. (2004). Leadership development and personal effectiveness. Nottingham: National College for School Leadership. www.ncsl.org.uk/researchpublications.
1[154] White, J. (1997). Philosophical perspectives on school effectiveness and school improvement. The curriculum
journal, Vol.8, No.1, pp.29-44.
1[155] Wolf, K., Lichtenstein, G. and Stevenson, C. (1997). Portfolios in teacher evaluation. In Stronge, J. (ed), Evaluating teaching: a guide to current thinking and best practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Crown Press.
1[156] Yukl, G. (1994). Leadership in organizations: third edition. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
1[157] Zaleznik, A., (1977). Managers and Leaders: are they different? Harvard Business Review, 55: 67-78.

1[158] Bell, J., (1997). . : Gutenberg.

1[159] Brock, S.E., Sandoval, J. & Lewis, S. (. . ) (2005). :
. : .
1[160] Chevallier, J. (1993). (. , ., , ., . .).
: . . . .
1[161] Craib, I. (1998). : (. , .). :
.
1[162] Day, C. (2003). : (. ). :
.
1[163] DuBrin, A.J. (1998). . : .
1[164] Everard, K.B.& Morris, G., (1999). (. . ). :

202

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

.
1[165] Goleman, D. (1997). . : .
1[166] Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. & McKee, A. (2002). :
. : .
1[167] Koontz H. O Donnell C. (1982). :
. : .
1[168] OSHA, (2003). Issue 47 - .
: http://osha.europa.eu/publications/factsheets/47/index.htm?set_language=el.
1[169] OSHA, (2003). :
. http://agency.osha.eu.int Facts.
1[170] OSHA, (2007). . : osha.europa.eu/good_practice/sector/education/education_article.stm?set_language=el.
1[171] , . (2001).
. . (.). . :
-, .
1[172] , . (2003). .
, 2: 44-54).
1[173] , . , . (1990). . :
.
1[174] , . , . (1994). - .
: .
1[175] , A. (1998). . : .
1[176] , . (.) (2001). . :
-, .
1[177] , . (2006). : . Online, 10: 1213. / www.computer-engineers.gr/modules.php?name=magazine.
1[178] , . (2002).
. . . .
1[179] , . (2005).
-. , 10: 74-83.
1[180] , ., , . (1984). :
. . , . . ,
. : .
1[181] , ., . . . (1984). .
: .
1[182] , . (1999). : .
, 1. / www.pi-schools.gr/download/publications/epitheorisi.

203

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

1[183] E (1996). .
.. .. 9-11-1997.
1[184] E (1997). ,
97 : J. Macbeath, D. Meuret, M. Schratz.
1[185] E (2000). T
(
250, 2, ) /* COM/2000/0523 - COD 2000/0022 */24-1-2000.
1[186] E (2000 ). 2000 :
- [
].
1[187] E (2001). , 12 2001,
[ L 60,
01.03.2001]
1[188] , COM (2003). (eGovernment) .
, 26 2003, [5567 - ].
1[189] EE, (2006). i2010 .
, ,
- {SEC(2006) 511} /* COM/2006/0173 *}
1[190] , (1996). .
(1996-1998), COM (96) 471, , 2/10/96.
1[191] , (2000).
2000. / : http://www.eurofound.ie/
publications/EF0121.htm.
1[192] , . (1985). .
, 3/85: 47-56.
1[193] , . (1988). , . . : . .
1[194] , . (1998). . : .
1[195] , . (2003). . : .
1[196] , . (1994). (1974-1989). : .
1[197] , . (1985). , .
1[198] , . (1985). . : . .
1[199] , ., (1994). . , 1, 48-56.
1[200] , . (2002). . :
.
1[201] , . (1991). . .
1[202] , . (1995). , 3: --
-- . (2 ). : .
1[203] , . (1998). , 1: - -
(3 ). : .

204

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

1[204] -, . , . (2006).
. : Gutenberg.
1[205] , . (2004). . ,
27/7/04.
1[206] , . , , . , . (2005). .
, 4: 137-151.
1[207] I., (2006), :
, : .
1[208] . ., (2005), :
, , .34: 75-85.
1[209] . (2005)(.). . :
.
1[210] ... / . . / /
www.infosoc.gr/infosoc/el-GR/epktp/priority_actions/paideia-politismos/.
1[211] , ., (1999). ,
. : .
1[212] , . (1993). . : .
1[213] , . (1993). :
. , .19, . 254-294.
1[214] , . (1995). . , .3: 49-63.
1[215] , . (1996). . , .16,
249-75.
1[216] , . (2000). :
. . (.) ,
: .
1[217] , . (2004).
. .. . , .17: 153-179.
1[218] , . (.) (2003). . :
. . .
1[219] , . (2003). . , management. : .
1[220] , . , . (2003). , :
. , 2: 5-23.
1[221] , . , . (1999).
. . -, . .., :
(. 115-60). : .
1[222] , . , . (2001). :
. , 5: 147-54.
1[223] , . (1987).
. , .7(1987), . 149-194.

205

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

1[224] , . (1987).
. , 7: 149-94.
1[225] , . (2003). management. : .
1[226] , .., (1993). . .
1[227] , . (2005). . : -. .
1[228] , . . (1991). , (. , ., . , .). : .
/. .
1[229] , . (2002). . : .
1[230] , . (1986). . : .
1[231] , . (2002). .
, .22: 5-14.
1[232] , (1989-1993). : .
1[233] , . (2001). :
. , 5: 81-91.
1[234] , . (2002). . : .
1[235] , ., (1995). . : . .
1[236] , . (.) . :
.
1[237] , . (1991). . 7 . .
1[238] , . (2001). 21 . . (.).
. : , .
1[239] , . (2004). : .
: .
1[240] , . (2006). : (1950-99). :
Gutenberg.
1[241] , ., (1983). . -:
. . . .
1[242] , . (2000). .
. , (.) . :
.
1[243] , . (2002). . , 22: 55-60.
1[244] , . (1999). . .
, 14: 40-52.
1[245] , ., (1994). . .
1[246] , ., (1996). . , 79: 126-143.
1[247] , ., (1997). Management :
. , 9: 21-51.

206

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

1[248] , ., (2000). . .
1[249] , ., , ., , ., (1997). :
. , 83: 66-79.
1[250] , . (. .) (1999).

. : .
1[251] , .. (1995). . :
.
1[252] , . (1987). :

. ( ). .
1[253] , . (2000). (.1). .
1[254] , . (1999). management

. :
.
1[255] , . , . (2003). :

. : Gutenberg.
1[256] , . , . (2000).
. , 159: 28-9.
1[257] , . , . (2003). . , . 25:
124-128.
1[258] , (1998). . .
1[259] , (2005). - . .
1[260] , . (2001). :
(). , 4.
www.pi-schools.gr/download/publications/epitheorisi.
1[261] , . , ., (1991). . : /.
1[262] , . (2001). portfolio : .

, 5: 128-39.
1[263] , ., (2001).

. . . /.
1[264] , . (2001). : ,

. : - .
1[265] , ., (2005). . . (.),

. : .
1[266] , . (1999). , : .

207

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

: (: )

209

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

210

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

211

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

1. :

:
)
)
..
:
..
: )
)..
: ) 1
)..
:
..
: )
)..
)..

2.

)
)..
)..
) 15/

3. ( )
)
. :


) . :

212

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

..
) 15/. :
..

..

4.
: , :


..
, :
..
..
:
..
..
..
..

5.
:
15/

..
(..
).

6.


.
.
.

213

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM

Layout 1.ps - 9/24/2008 6:52 PM