MCLC

1.TngquanvAutoCAD.........................................................................................................1
2.Ccthitlpchobnv...........................................................................................................2
3.Cclnhvcbn....................................................................................................................3
3.1. Line V cc on thng (L) .............................................................................................. 3
3.2. CIRCLE v hnh trn (C) .................................................................................................... 3
3.3. ARC v cung trn (A) ......................................................................................................... 4
3.4. ELLIPSE v elip hoc mt cung elip (EL) .......................................................................... 5
3.5. PLINE v ng a tuyn ................................................................................................... 6
3.6. POLYGON v a gic u .................................................................................................. 7
3.7. RECTANG v hnh ch nht .............................................................................................. 7
3.8. SPLINE v ng cong....................................................................................................... 7
3.9. POINT v mt im trn mn hnh, DDPTYPE chn kiu v kch thc cho im v ..... 8
3.10. ERASE xo i tng c la chn khi bn v ............................................................ 8
3.11. XLINE (Construction Line) v ng thng..................................................................... 8
3.12. RAY v na ng thng .................................................................................................. 8
3.13. DONUT v hnh vnh khn............................................................................................... 8
3.14. TRACE v on thng c dy ...................................................................................... 8
3.15. SOLID v mt min c t c....................................................................................... 8
3.16. MLINE v on thng song song ...................................................................................... 8
3.17. MLSTYLE to kiu cho lnh v MLINE .......................................................................... 8
3.18. MLEDIT hiu chnh i tng v MLINE ....................................................................... 8
3.19. REGION to min t cc hnh ghp.................................................................................. 8
3.20. UNION cng cc vng REGION ...................................................................................... 8
3.21. SUBTRACT tr cc vng REGION ................................................................................. 9
3.22. INTERSEC ly giao ca cc vng REGION .................................................................... 9
3.23. BOUNDARY to ng bao ca nhiu i tng ............................................................ 9
4.Phpbinihnh,saochphnh.........................................................................................9
4.1. MOVE di chuyn mt hay nhiu i tng ........................................................................ 9
4.2. ROTATE xoay i tng quanh mt im theo mt gc ................................................... 9
4.3. SCALE thay i kch thc i tng v ........................................................................... 9
4.4. PEDIT sa i thuc tnh cho ng a tuyn ................................................................... 9
4.5. MIRROR ly i xng gng ............................................................................................. 9
4.6. STRETCH ko gin i tng v ....................................................................................... 9
4.7. COPY sao chp i tng ..................................................................................................10
4.8. OFFSET v song song ........................................................................................................10
4.9. ARRAY sao chp i tng theo dy ................................................................................10
4.10. TRIM xn mt phn i tng .........................................................................................10
4.11. BREAK xn mt phn i tng .....................................................................................10
4.12. EXTEND ko di i tng n mt ng bin xc nh .............................................10
4.13. LENGTHEN thay i chiu di i tng .......................................................................10
4.14. CHAMFER lm vt mp i tng .................................................................................10
4.15. FILLET bo trn i tng ................................................................................................10
5.QunlLayer.........................................................................................................................10
5.1. LAYER (LA) qun l lp...................................................................................................11
5.2. Laytrans- chuyn i lp ...................................................................................................12
6.Lmvicvivnbn.............................................................................................................13
6.1. Trnh t nhp vn bn trong bn v....................................................................................13
6.2. STYLE t kiu cho k t ..................................................................................................14
6.3. TEXT, DTEXT vit ch ln bn v ...................................................................................14
6.4. MTEXT vit ch ln bn v thng qua hp thoi ..............................................................15
6.5. QTEXT hin th dng k t theo dng rt gn...................................................................16
6.6. FIND Lnh tm kim v thay th Text. ..............................................................................17
6.7. Nhp ting Vit trong AutoCAD ........................................................................................17
7.Kchthcvhiuchnhkchthc(LmvicviDimStyle)......................................18
7.1. Cc lnh ghi kch thc c bn: .........................................................................................18

7.2. DIMSTYLE hiu chnh kiu ng ghi kch thc........................................................... 18

7.3. DIMEDIT sa thuc tnh ng kch thc ...................................................................... 24
8.Khiuvtliu.......................................................................................................................25
8.1. Khi nim mt ct v hnh ct ............................................................................................ 25
8.2. Trnh t v hnh ct, mt ct .............................................................................................. 26
8.3. FILL bt tt ch in y i tng .............................................................................. 26
8.4. BHATCH v k hiu vt liu trong mt ct ....................................................................... 26
8.5. HATCHEDIT hiu chnh mt ct ...................................................................................... 29
8.6. Mt s vn v Hatch trong AutoCAD ........................................................................... 29
9.Ccbinhthng(setvar)....................................................................................................30
10.LmvicviLayout.............................................................................................................31
10.1. Khi nim Layout............................................................................................................. 31
10.2. Cc bc to bn in vi Layout ....................................................................................... 31
11.Lmvicvikhi..................................................................................................................33
11.1. BLOCK nh ngha mt khi mi.................................................................................... 33
11.2. ATTDEF gn thuc tnh cho khi .................................................................................... 34
11.3. INSERT chn khi vo bn v thng qua hp thoi ........................................................ 35
11.4. DIVIDE chia i tng v thnh nhiu phn bng nhau ................................................. 36
11.5. MEASURE chia i tng theo hng on thng .................................................... 36
11.6. WBLOCK ghi khi ra a ................................................................................................ 37
11.7. EXPLORE phn r khi ................................................................................................... 37
12.TobngtrongAutoCAD(Ver.>2006)..............................................................................38
13.CconLisphtrcngtcthitk...............................................................................39
13.1. T ng in nhiu bn v mt lc trong ModelSpace (MPL.VLX) .................................. 39
13.2. Tnh tng chiu di ng thng, ng cong ................................................................ 40
13.3. in nhanh din tch min ............................................................................................... 40
13.4. Ni line v arc thnh polyline .......................................................................................... 40
13.5. Scale mt chiu (xsc) ....................................................................................................... 40
13.6. Offset line sang hai bn .................................................................................................... 41
13.7. In bnh dui thng ....................................................................................................... 41
13.8. Break i tng ti mt im .......................................................................................... 41
14.Ccthaotc,ththut..........................................................................................................41
14.1. V ng phn gic ......................................................................................................... 41
14.2. Tnh din tch, c trng hnh hc (Bo) ........................................................................... 41
14.3. Chn cc file tham chiu Xref .......................................................................................... 41

ii

Tng quan v AutoCAD

1. Tng quan v AutoCAD

CAD: Computer Aided Design. Hin nay thut ng CAD ngy cng tr nn ph bin trong k
thut ni chung v trong ngnh xy dng ni ring. N to ra mt phng php thit k mi
cho cc kin trc s v k s xy dng.
Trong ting Vit n c ngha l thit k trn my tnh hay cng c th gi l thit k vi s h
tr cu my tnh. Vic thit k trn my vi tnh gip cho bn c th ln c nhiu phng n
trong mt thi gian ngn v sa i bn v mt cc nhanh chng, d dng hn rt nhiu so vi
cch lm th cng.
AutoCAD l mt phn mn thit k trn my vi tnh c nhn c s dng tng i rng ri
trong cc ngnh :
Thit k kin trc - xy dng v trang tr ni tht.
Thit k h thng in, nc.
Thit k c kh, ch to my.
Thit k h thng chiu sng cho cc cng trnh vn ho nh trong cc rp chiu phim,
nh ht...
Thit lp h thng bn .
Cho n nay mc d cc ng dng ho phc v vic vic v v thit k k thut xut hin
thm nhiu chng trnh mi, c giao din hoc mt s tnh nng k thut rt ni tri, song xt
v ton cc, tht kh c chng trnh no vt hn c AutoCAD.
Hin ti, vic v v xut bn v t AutoCAD tr thnh iu ng nhin nu khng ni l
bt buc i vi hu ht cc h s thit k cng trnh.
Cc phin bn AutoCAD.
Phin bn mi nht AutoCAD 2008.
Mi phin bn ca AutoCAD li km theo nhng c im mi, nhng ci tin v b
xung tin ch mi. Tuy nhin nhn xt vi cc phin bn xut bn cho thy:
Phin bn AutoCAD 2000 so vi AutoCAD 14 c s thay i ln v giao din. T ch
ch c th m tng ti liu (Single Document), chuyn sang ch cho php m nhiu ti
liu cng lc ( Multiple Document). Ch thu phng hnh linh hot thay cho ch thu
phng thng qua hp cng c (hoc dng lnh)...
Cc phin bn sau ny k tha cc tnh nng u vit ca AutoCAD 2000 v cung cp
thm nhiu cng c thit k; cc c tnh; cc tiu chun; h tr mnh m vic chia s v
tch hp thng tin, thit k ha 3 chiu... Tt nhin, vic thm nhiu tnh nng i hi
cu hnh my tnh cng mnh hn.
Xt v hiu nng v tnh tin ch, hin nay phin bn AutoCAD 2002 c dng nhiu
hn c. Vic s dng thnh tho phin bn ny s gip kh nng thao tc tt trn tt c
cc phin bn mi hn.
Giao din AutoCAD
Vng I
Chim phn ln din tch mn hnh. Vng ny th hin bn v c gi l vng Graphic.
Vng II
Ch dng trng thi (dng tnh trng - Status line). y xut hin mt s thng s, chc nng
ca bn v.
Vng III
Vng gm cc Menu lnh v cc thanh cng c. Mi Menu hay mi nt hnh tng trn thanh
cng c tng ng vi mt lnh ca AutoCAD.

1
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

Vng IV
Vng dng lnh. Khi nhp lnh t bn phm hoc gi lnh t Menu th cu lnh s hin th trn
dng lnh.

2. Cc thit lp cho bn v
- NEW khi to mt bn v mi
- OPEN m tp bn v hin c
- SAVE, SAVEAS lu bn v ln a
- QUIT thot khi AutoCAD
- UNITS (DDUNITS) t n v cho bn v
C 5 kiu nh dng s hc :
1. Architectural (dng kin trc) 1' - 31/2''
2. Decimal (dng thp phn) 15.50
3. Engineering ( dng k thut) 1' - 3,50"
4. Fractional (dng phn s)
5. Scientific (dng khoa hc) 1.55E + 01
kiu nh dng s liu nhp gc l :
1 - Dicimal degrees (dng thp phn) 45.0000
2 - Deg/Min/ Sec (dng /pht/giy) 45d0'0"
3 - Grads (dng grad) 50.0000g
4 - Radians (dng radian) 0.7854r
5 - Surveyor's Units (n v trc a) N 45d0'0" E
- LIMITS t v iu chnh vng v
Tu chn ON/OFF/<Lower left corner> <0.0000,0.0000>: Gc tri di Upper right
corner <12.0000,9.0000>: Gc phi trn
ON
Khng cho php v ra ngoi gii hn vng v.
OFF

Cc lnh v c bn
Khi chn OFF ngi s dng c th v ra ngoi gii hn vng v cho n khi thit lp
li trng thi ON
- GRID t cc im to li cho bn v
- SNAP to bc nhy cho con tr
- Cc phng php nhp to im
To tuyt i
Ly tr s thc c a vo t bn phm cho cc chiu, chng hn mt im c to
x= 3.5 ; y = 120.5. Ta nhp 3.5,120.5
Ta tng i
To tng i so vi im va c ch nh ngay trc . ch to tng
i, vit du @ trc to . V d: im trc c to (100,70) th : @5.5,
-15 s tng ng vi to tuyt i (105.5,55)
To cc (tng i)
Trong to cc ta thng k hiu (r, j) ch bn knh (khong cch) v gc. Ta
cc tng i c nhp bng : @ r < j
V d : @ 68<35.5 c ngha l r = 68 n v v v c gc nh hng 35o30 so vi
im trc .
- OSNAP tr gip truy tm i tng
- ORTHO t ch v trc giao
- Zoom, Pan, S dng chut.
All / Center / Dynamic / Extents / Previous / Scale(X/XP) / Window / <Realtime>
All
Ty chn ny cho php xem trn mn hnh tt c hnh v (gii hn c t bi lnh Limits).
Nu hnh v vt qu gii hn hnh v, mn hnh s hin th ton b hnh v.
Extents
Hin th phn v va kht mn hnh.
Previous
Ty chn cho php phc hi li mn hnh trc . AutoCAD lu c 10 mn hnh trc .
Scale
n - T l tham chiu n ton cnh: l t l thu phng hnh v so vi kch thc thc ca chng
khi c nh ngha bng lnh Limits. T l bng 1 s hin th ln mn hnh cc hnh v (ton
cnh) gii hn bng lnh limits. T l ln hn 1 l phng to cn thu nh hn 1 l thu nh.
nX - T l tham chiu vi mn hnh hin hnh: l t l thu phng hnh v ang hin th trn
mn hnh. Khi dng t l ny phi thm X sau h s t l.
nXP - Tham chiu n khng gian giy (Ch c tc dng trong Viewport PaperSpace).

3. Cc lnh v c bn
3.1. Line V cc on thng (L)
- V ng thng i qua hai im.
- L: Nu i tng va v l on thng lnh s v tip on thng , nu l cung trn th
lnh s v on thng tip tuyn vi cung trn .

3.2. CIRCLE v hnh trn (C)

- V thng qua tm v bn knh hoc ng knh.

3
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

- ng trn i qua 3 im : im 1, im 2, im 3.
- ng trn i qua 2 im : L hai u ng knh ca ng trn.
- ng trn tip xc vi hai i tng cho trc : Tip tuyn, tip tuyn, bn knh.

3.3. ARC v cung trn (A)

- Cung trn i qua 3 im.

- V theo im u, tm, im cui

- V theo im u, tm, gc tm.

- im u, tm, di dy cung.

- im u, im cui, gc tm.

Cc lnh v c bn
- im u, im cui, hng tip tuyn.

- im u, im cui, bn knh.

- Tm, im u, im cui.

- Tm, im u, gc tm

- V cung tip tuyn vi ng thng hoc cung trn trc (cong chuyn tip, ni tip)
A, nhp im kt thc ca cung.

3.4. ELLIPSE v elip hoc mt cung elip (EL)

Sau khi v ng elip c th l mt ng a tuyn bao gm nhiu cung trn ni tip nhau
hoc tr thnh mt ng Spline (ng cong i qua cc im m t), iu ny tu thuc vo
vic ch nh tr s ca bin PELLIPSE = 0 hay PELLIPSE = 1.

- Ta mt trc (1, 2) v khong cch na trc cn li (3)

5
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

- Ta tm (1) v cc trc (trc a (2), trc b (3))

3.5. PLINE v ng a tuyn

a tuyn (Polyline) l mt i tng gm cc on thng, cung trn ni tip nhau.
Trong a tuyn, nt v c b rng v c th thay i tng phn on. Xt v phng din th
hin th cc a tuyn c to ra t lnh Line v lnh Pline i khi l kh ging nhau, tuy nhin
xt v mt cu trc th a tuyn do lnh Pline to ra l a tuyn ca 1 i tng cn a tuyn do
lnh Line to ra l a tuyn nhiu i tng.
Cc phng thc v ng a tuyn
PLine [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]
Arc: V cung trn trong Polyline.
Halfwidth: Khai bo na rng ca ng Polyline
Starting half-width <current>: Na rng im bt u
Ending half-width <current>: Na rng im cui
Length: V mt on thng c chiu di quy nh v c cng dc (cng chiu) vi
ng thng trc n. Nu on thng trc n l mt cung trn th mt on thng s
c v tip tuyn vi cung ny.
Undo: Hu b lnh va thc hin, tr li phn v trc.
Width: t rng cho phn tip theo ca ng Polyline.
Starting width <current>: rng im bt u
Ending width <current>: rng im cui
Chi tit
Arc [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]:
Angle: V cung trn khi bit gc chn cung.
Included angle: (gi tr gc chn cung). Mc nh, cung trn s c v theo
chiu dng ca gc. Nu mun v theo chiu ngc li th gi tr ca gc nhp
vo phi mang du m (-).
Center / Radius / <Endpoint>: Tr im cui cung hoc C, R.
Center : Cung trn xc nh thng qua tm ca cung
Radius : Gi tr bn knh ca cung trn
Center: V cung trn khi bit tm
Angle / Length / <Endpoint>: To im cui hoc A, L
Angle: Gc chn cung bt u t im u.
Length Ch ra di ca y cung
Close: ng ng a tuyn Polyline bng mt cung.
Direction: Dng thay i hng tip tuyn ti im u ca cung trn s v. im 1
- hng pht trin cung, 2 - im cui ca cung.

Cc lnh v c bn
Halfwidth: Gi tr nhp vo l mt na b rng nt v.
Starting half-width <0.0000>: Gi tr na b rng u ca cung
Ending half-width <0.0000>: Gi tr na b rng cui ca cung
Line: Chuyn phng thc v cung trn sang v on thng.
Radius: V cung trn theo bn knh
Radius: (vo gi tr bn knh ca cung trn)
Angle/ <End point>:To im cui cung, A
Undo: Hu b lnh va thc hin.
Width: t rng cho phn v tip theo.
Starting width <current>: rng im bt u
Ending width <current>: rng im cui

3.6. POLYGON v a gic u

- Nhp s cnh ca a gic <3 n 1024 cnh>
Cc phng thc v a gic u:

Inscribed in circle
V a gic ni tip trong ng trn
Circumscribed about circle
V a gic ngoi tip ng trn.
Edge
V Polygon thng qua cnh.

3.7. RECTANG v hnh ch nht

Cc phng thc v hnh ch nht [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]
Chamfer
Quy nh vt gc ca cc gc hnh ch nht.
Elevation
Quy nh cao ca hnh ch nht.
Fillet
Cho php v trn cc gc ca hnh ch nht vi bn knh cong xc nh.
Thickness
Quy nh dy ca hnh ch nht c v. Gi tr ny s c duy tr cho n ln thay
i tip theo.
Width
Quy nh rng cc cnh hnh ch nht. Gi tr ny s c duy tr cho n ln thay
i tip theo.

3.8. SPLINE v ng cong

ng SPline i qua tt c cc im m ta chn. Lnh ny c dng to ra cc ng cong
trn c hnh dng khng c nh (cc ng cong trong t nhin; cc ng ng mc trong h
thng thng tin a l v.v... )

7
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

Ngoi ra AutoCAD cn c th to ra cc ng cong xp x dng Spline bng cch lm trn

cc ng polyline sn c thng qua lnh PEdit.

3.9. POINT v mt im trn mn hnh, DDPTYPE chn kiu v kch thc cho
im v

Point Size: t kch thc cho im.

Set Size Relative to Screen: Kch thc ca im so vi mn hnh.
Set Size in Absolute Units: Kch thc ca im so vi n v o ca bn v.

3.10. ERASE xo i tng c la chn khi bn v

3.11. XLINE (Construction Line) v ng thng
3.12. RAY v na ng thng
3.13. DONUT v hnh vnh khn
3.14. TRACE v on thng c dy
3.15. SOLID v mt min c t c
3.16. MLINE v on thng song song
3.17. MLSTYLE to kiu cho lnh v MLINE
3.18. MLEDIT hiu chnh i tng v MLINE
3.19. REGION to min t cc hnh ghp
3.20. UNION cng cc vng REGION

Php bin i hnh, sao chp hnh

3.21. SUBTRACT tr cc vng REGION

3.22. INTERSEC ly giao ca cc vng REGION

3.23. BOUNDARY to ng bao ca nhiu i tng

4. Php bin i hnh, sao chp hnh

4.1. MOVE di chuyn mt hay nhiu i tng
4.2. ROTATE xoay i tng quanh mt im theo mt gc
4.3. SCALE thay i kch thc i tng v
4.4. PEDIT sa i thuc tnh cho ng a tuyn
4.5. MIRROR ly i xng gng
4.6. STRETCH ko gin i tng v
Cho php di chuyn mt phn i tng c chn m vn duy tr vic dnh ni vi phn
cn li. Cc i tng c th Stretch l lines, arcs, Traces, Solids v Polylines... Dim...

Khi chn i tng trong lnh Stretch phi dng kiu chn bng ca s (Crossing, Window,
CPolygon, WPolygon) t nht mt ln. Nhng i tng no giao vi khung ca s chn s
c ko gin (hoc co li) nhng i tng no nm lt hn trong khung ca s chn s c
di i (Move).
Nu dng chn i tng kiu ca s nhiu ln, ca s cui cng l ca s chu tc dng ca
lnh Stretch.

9
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

4.7. COPY sao chp i tng

4.8. OFFSET v song song

4.9. ARRAY sao chp i tng theo dy

4.10. TRIM xn mt phn i tng
4.11. BREAK xn mt phn i tng
4.12. EXTEND ko di i tng n mt ng bin xc nh
4.13. LENGTHEN thay i chiu di i tng
4.14. CHAMFER lm vt mp i tng
Polyline
Ct vt cho mt Polyline:

Distances
t khong cch cho cnh vt.

Angle
t khong cch vt cho cnh th nht, khong cch vt cnh th
hai c tnh thng qua cnh th nht v gc gia chng.

Trim
Chn ch ct / khng ct cho lnh chamfer
Method
Chn phng thc nhp theo hai khong cch hoc theo mt khong cch v mt gc.

4.15. FILLET bo trn i tng

Lnh Fillet dng ni tip hai ng thng, cung trn, ng trn bng mt cung trn c bn
knh xc nh.

5. Qun l Layer
Khi nim v lp

10

Qun l Layer
thun tin khi v v qun l cc bn v phc tp, AutoCAD dng cc lp (Layer) khc nhau
th hin. C th hnh dung lp nh mt tm knh trong sut c hnh v. Bn v s gm mt
hay nhiu tm knh chng ln nhau.
c tnh ca lp
- Mi lp c mt tn ring, cha kiu ng nt (Line type), mu sc (Color) do ngi s dng
qui nh. Cc hnh v t trn mt lp nu khng c ch nh ring s c mu sc v kiu
ng nt ca lp .
- C th c cc hnh v trn mt lp ang tt.
- C th sa cha, v d ty xa, trn nhiu lp cng mt lc nhng mi ln ch v c trn
lp hin hnh.
- Cc thuc tnh thng dng ca lp: ng c (freez), kha (lock) hoc tt (turn off).
- S lng lp khng c gii hn trong mt bn v.

5.1. LAYER (LA) qun l lp

Tt <m> lp hin hnh

Cc i tng nm trong lp b tt s khng xut hin, tuy nhin
Khi lp b tt th biu tng chuyn thnh , mi i tng thuc lp tm thi khng th nhn
thy, khng th sa cha, khng th in cho n khi bt tr li .
Khi tt m Layer, bn v khng c pht sinh li.
ng bng (Freeze) <lm tan bng (Thaw) > Khi lp b ng bng biu tng ny t ng
chuyn thnh .
Bn v c pht sinh li v vy s mt nhiu thi gian hn On/Off.
Kho <m kho> Khi lp b kho cc i tng trong lp s khng th hiu chnh c.
Lp cho php chn mu v hiu chnh kiu nt, mnh ca cc i tng thuc n.

11
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

5.2. LAYTRANS - chuyn i lp

Khi nhn bn v t ngi khc, hay mt bn v v nhiu ngi v hoc ni cc file vo nhau.
Layer s rt ln xn. Lm sao n gin ho v tiu chun ho layer bn v? Layer trans s
gip chng ta iu ny.
Trong Layer Translator, ch nh layer trong file hin hnh mun chuyn, v layer ngun.

Translate From
Ch nh layer s c chuyn trong bn v hin hnh, h tr lc la chn.
Mu sc ca biu tng trc tn Layer cho bi lp c c s dng khng. Nu mu trng
l khng s dng, mu xanh l ang s dng. xa cc lp khng s dng nhn nt phi
chut v chn Purge Layers.
Filter Layer
Cc layer c ch nh c chn trong danh sch Translate From, c th s dng k t i
din (VD: *, ?, #,...) cho tn.
Load
Ti cc layer trong danh sch Translate To s dng mt bn v thng, mt bn v mu, hoc
mt file tiu chun. Nu file c ch nh cha layer mappings, nhng nh x ny s c p
dng cho layer trong danh sch Translate From v hin th ti Layer Translation Mappings.
Bn c th ti cc layer t nhiu file. Nu bn ti mt file cha layer cng tn vi layer c
load, layer gc s c gi li, layer trng s b b qua. Cng nh vy khi bn load mt file
cha nh x layer trng vi file layer gc.
New
nh ngha mt layer c hin th trong danh sch Translate To chuyn i.
Layer Translation Mappings
Lit k mi layer c chuyn v thuc tnh ca mi layer s c chuyn i. C th chn cc
layer trong danh sch ny v thay i thuc tnh s dng phm edit.
Edit: M hp thoi Edit Layer, hiu chnh layer bn cn chuyn. C th thay i linetype,
mu sc v lineweight ca layer.
Remove: Loi b nh x chuyn i c chn t danh sch Layer Translation Mapping.
Save: Lu nh x chuyn i layer hin hnh vo file s dng cho sau ny.
nh x Layer c ghi vo file c nh dng DWG hoc DWS. Layer Translator to cc layer

12

Lm vic vi vn bn
nh x trong file v cha bn nh x layer trong mi layer. Tt c cc linetype s dng bi
cc layer cng c copy vo file.
Settings: M hp thoi Setting, ni bn c th ty bin qu trnh chuyn i layer.
Translate: Bt u chuyn i layer theo bn nh x bn va chn.
Bng thit lp thng s

iu khin qu trnh chuyn i layer:

Force Object Color to BYLAYER: Xc nh mi i tng c chuyn i my sc theo
layer ca chng hay khng.
Force Object Linetype to BYLAYER: Ging nh trn nhng l Linetype.
Translate Objects in Blocks: Xc nh i tng nm trong block c c chuyn i hay
khng.
Write Transaction Log: Ghi li qu trnh chuyn i ra file Log.
Show Layer Contents When Selected: Hin th ni dung ca lp khi la chn.

6. Lm vic vi vn bn
Vn bn l i tng dng miu t cc thnh phn bn trong bn v hoc l gii thch v
cng ngh, v tnh cht cc i tng v v.v...
Vn bn trong bn v AutoCAD cng l mt b phn khng th thiu. Vic la chn hp l cc
tham s th hin vn bn trong AutotCAD s gip cho bn v tr nn trong sng, giu thng tin
v mang tnh thm m cao.

6.1. Trnh t nhp vn bn trong bn v

to mt i tng vn bn trong bn v AutoCAD thng thng tin hnh theo cc bc
sau:
- To kiu ch cho vn bn bng Style
- Nhp k t hoc on vn bn bng lnh Text (hoc MText)
- Hiu chnh ni dung vn bn th hin bng lnh Ddedit
on vn bn trong AutotCAD cng l mt i tng (tng ng cc i tng Line, Arc,
Rectangle...) do vy cng c th c sao chp, ct dn tng t nh cc i tng khc ca
AutotCAD.

13
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

6.2. STYLE t kiu cho k t

- Font Name : chn Font ch ca kiu nh to

- Font Style : kiu ch th hin (bnh thng, ch m, ch nghing...)
- Height : chiu cao ca ch. Nu nhp tr s chiu cao =0 (mc nh) th mi khi nh lnh
Text hoc MText s c li nhc yu cu nhp chiu cao ch s xut hin. Nu tr s Height
c nhp vo ti ay l tr s >0 th k t y mi k t vit ra mn hnh u c cng chiu
cao l Height.
- Upside down : dng ch i xng theo phng ngang.
- Backwards : dng ch i xng theo thng ng.
- Width factor : h s nn ch theo phng ngang. Nu h s l <1 ch s b nn li,
ngc li ch s c gin rng ra theo phng ngang.
- Oblique Angle : nghing ca dng ch so vi phng ngang.

6.3. TEXT, DTEXT vit ch ln bn v

Lnh thm vn bn vo bn v. Lnh ny cho php nhp cc dng ch vo trong bn v. Vi
mt lnh Text ta c th nhp c nhiu dng ch nm cc v tr khc nhau trong bn v.
Kiu ch xut hin trn mn hnh l kiu ch c quy nh bi STYLE.
Cc khi nim s dng trong lnh TEXT v DTEXT c m t nh sau:
Mc nh khi dng lnh TEXT hoc DTEXT
Jystify/Style/<Start point>: (im bt u dng ch)
Height <gi tr hin thi>: (chiu cao ch)
Rotate angle <gi tr hin thi>: (gc ca ng c s dng ch)
Text: (ni dung dng ch - kt thc bng )
Justify: Cc ty chn cn l
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR
Style: Chn kiu ch
Align - A: Kiu tra va. AutoCAD s yu cu vo im bt u v
im kt thc (nm trn ng c s) cho dng ch. AutoCAD s
t iu chnh ln (chiu cao v chiu rng) ca ch dng
ch nhp vo nm va vn gia hai im.
Fit - F
Tng t nh Align nhng AutoCAD s hi thm chiu cao ch
v dng chiu cao ny nhng s iu chnh rng ch dng ch

14

Lm vic vi vn bn
t vo va vn gia hai im.
Center - C
Baseline Center: im cn l l im gia trn ng c s.
Middle - M
im cn l l tm ca hnh ch nht tng tng bao quanh c
dng ch.
Right - R
im cn l l im bn phi ng c s.
TL (Top Left)
im cn l l nh trn bn tri ca hnh ch nht tng tng
bao quanh c dng ch.
TC (Top Center)
im gia ca nh trn.
TR (Top Right)
nh trn bn phi
ML (Middle Left)
im bn tri ca ng trc ngang
MC (Middle Center)
im gia ng trc ngang
MR (Middle Right)
im bn phi ca ng trc ngang.
BL (Bottom Left)
im bn tri ca ng y
BC (Bottom Center)
im gia di ca ng y
BR (Bottom Right)
im bn phi ca ng y
Style
Ty chn ny cho php chn kiu ch khc nhau m trc
c t bng lnh Style. Nu khng ch nh r kiu ch th
AutoCAD s dng kiu ch mc nh l kiu ch va dng trc
hoc va to thnh bng lnh Style.
Style name (or ?) <current>:
Nu tr li ? cho dng nhc Style name th AutoCAD s lit k tt
c cc kiu ch c thit lp trong bn v.
Cc k t c bit
%%nnn V k t c m ASCII l nnn
%% O Gch u abc
%%U
Gch chn abc
%%d
Du (o) (degree)
%%p
Du k hiu dung sai (+/-)
%%c
Du k hiu ng knh
%%% Du k hiu phn trm (%)

6.4. MTEXT vit ch ln bn v thng qua hp thoi

cmd: Mtext
Current text style: "Standard" Text height: 0.2000
Specify first corner: bm chut chn to gc th nht ca ch

15
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Line spacing/Rotation/Style/Width]: bm chut

chn to gc th hai ca ch
AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi Multiline Text Editor

C th khai bo cc thng s v nhp ni dung text cn th hin trn hp thoi.

6.5. QTEXT hin th dng k t theo dng rt gn

Vic th hin vn bn trn mn hnh thng chim nhiu thi gian v mi mt k t l mt i tng v
phc tp c to thnh t nhiu ng thng hoc cung trn. tit kim thi gian, trong trng hp
khng cn phi c cc ch gii th hin trn bn v bn c th dng lnh QTEXT. Do lnh ny cho
php cc ch gii th hin trn bn v c th hin nhanh di dng khung hnh ch nht m chiu di
hnh ch nht l chiu di ca dng ch v chiu rng ca n l chiu cao ca ch, nn thi gian ti
hin rt nhanh. Cch thc hin nh sau:

Command line: qtext

ON / OFF <current>: Chn ON hoc OFF
Nu bn mun th hin cc ch gii di dng khung ch nht tit kim thi gian ti sinh do
s dng lnh REGEN th bn nh ch On.
Ngc li, nu bn mun c cc ch gii th bn tt cng tc trn bng ch OFF. Hnh di l
cc th hin ca hai ch ON v OFF ca lnh QTEXT.

Trong AutoCAD cho php ngi s dng trnh by cc k t theo dng t c hoc ch to vin
thng qua bin TextFill. Khi TEXTFILL = 1 (ON) cc k t s c t c; khi TEXTFILL = 0
(OFF) cc k t s ch th hin di dng vin.

16

Lm vic vi vn bn

6.6. FIND Lnh tm kim v thay th Text.

- Ti Find text string : nhp vo chui k t cn tm

- Ti Replace with : nhp vo chui k t s thay th
- Bm chn Options... Nu mun hiu chnh cc phng n tm kim v thay th. Khi
AutoCAD s cho hin hp thoi nh sau:

- Chn cc i tng cn tm v thay th ri bm phm OK.

- Bm phm Find thc hin lnh tm kim.
- Bm phm Replace thc hin lnh thay th tng t.
- Bm phm Replace All thc hin lnh thay th ton b.

6.7. Nhp ting Vit trong AutoCAD

Mc d cc font ch ting Vit cng l cc True Type Font (TTF) tng t nh vi cc ngn
ng khc trn th gii. Tuy nhin do hn ch v s lng k t trong bng m nn hin th
c ting Vit th c kh nhiu cc k t ting Vit b trng vi m iu khin ca AutoCAD,
v vy nhiu trng hp khi nhp cc dng vn bn ting Vit ti Command line s khng
ng. khc phc tnh trng ny ty theo tng phin bn AutoCAD thc hin theo mt trong
2 cch sau:
Cc phin bn t 2002 tr v trc:
- S dng cc b font ch nh ABC, VNI (khng phi Unicode)
- S dng lnh MTEXT khng phi nhp cc k t ting Vit ti dng lnh.

17
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

- Nu s dng lnh TEXT (DTEXT) th trc ht nn nhp ting Vit theo dng khng du (toi
muon nhap tieng Viet), sau bm p phm chut tri vo k t va xut hin trn mn hnh
ho gi hp thoi lnh Dedit ri sa li thnh ting Vit.
Cc phin bn 2004 v mi hn:
- S dng font v b g theo chun Unicode (Unicode dng sn).

7. Kch thc v hiu chnh kch thc (Lm vic vi Dim Style)
Ghi kch thc l mt phn khng th thiu trong mi bn v k thut. Tu thuc cc tiu
chun ngnh, tiu chun quc gia cch th hin ng ghi kch thc c c cc khc bit. Cc
thnh phn ch yu th hin mt ng ghi kch thc.

7.1. Cc lnh ghi kch thc c bn:

DIMLINEAR ghi kch thc theo on thng
DIMRADIUS v kch thc cho bn knh vng trn, cung trn
DIMCENTER to du tm cho vng trn, cung trn
DIMDIAMETER ghi kch thc theo ng knh
DIMANGULAR ghi kch thc theo gc
DIMORDINATE ghi kch thc theo to im
DIMBASELINE ghi kch thc thng qua ng ging
DIMCONTINUE ghi kch thc theo on k tip nhau
LEADER ghi kch thc theo ng dn
TOLERANCE ghi dung sai
DIMTEIDT sa v tr v gc ca ng ghi kch thc

7.2. DIMSTYLE hiu chnh kiu ng ghi kch thc

18

Kch thc v hiu chnh kch thc (Lm vic vi Dim Style)

ngha cc thnh phn trn hp thoi

Styles : Lit k danh sch cc kiu kch thc c trong bn v.
List : Phng n lit k
o All styles : ton b
o Styles in use : ch lit k cc kiu ang s dng trong bn v
Set current : Gn kiu kch thc ang chn lm kiu hin hnh.
New...: To mi; Modify...: Hiu chnh.
Override...: cho php gn chng cc kiu kch thc trong kiu kch thc hin hnh (thng
qua hp thoi).
Compare...: So snh gi tr cc bin gia hai kiu kch thc.
Cc thng s hiu chnh kiu kch thc.

19
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

Trang Line and Arrows:

Dimenssion lines : ng kch thc.
o Color : chn mu ca ng kch thc
o Lineweight : chiu rng nt v
o Extension beyond ticks: khong nh ra khi ng ging ca ng kch thc
o Baseline spacing : khong cch gia cc ng kch thc trong chui kch thc
song song
o Suppress : b qua phn mi tn (tri v phi) ghi trn ng kch thc.
Extension lines (ng ging)
o Color : mu ca ng ging
o Lineweight : chiu rng nt v
o Extension beyond dim lines : khong ng ging nh ra khi ng kch thc
o Offset from origin : khong cch t i tng ghi kch thc n u ng ging.
o Suppress : b qua ng ging th nht hoc th hai.
Arrowheads (mi tn)
o 1st : mi tn cho u kch thc th nht
o 2nd : mi tn cho u kch thc th hai
o Leader : mi tn cho ng dn dng ch thch
o Arrow size : kch thc mi tn
Center Marks for circles : xc nh du tm v ng tm (vng trn, cung trn)

Trang Text
Text Appearance : nh dng kiu xut hin ca ch
o Text style : kiu ch
o Text color : mu ch
o Text height : chiu cao ch
o Fraction height scale : t l iu chnh chiu cao ch
o Draw frame around text : vin khung cho ch
Text Placement : iu khin v tr xut hin ch

20

Kch thc v hiu chnh kch thc (Lm vic vi Dim Style)
o Vertical : gn kiu th hin khi ch nm theo phng thng ng
o Horizontal : gn kiu th hin khi ch nm theo phng nm ngang
o Offset from dimension line : khong cch gia k t v ng kch thc.
Text alignment : nh hng cho ch s ghi kch thc
o Horizontal : ch ghi kch thc nm ngang
o Alignment with dimension line : ch song song vi ng kch thc
o ISO Standard : ch s ghi kch thc song song vi ng kch thc khi bn
trong hai ng ging v nmg ngang khi b ngoi ca hai ng ging

Trang Fit
Fit Options : chn kiu in k t vo bn trong hay bn ngoi ng ging
o Either the text or the arrows whichever fits best : y l kiu in linh hot.
+ khi khong cch gia hai ng ging ch th c mi tn v v ch s nm lt bn
trong ng ging ;
+ Khi ch ch cha ch th s ch c ch nm bn trong cn mi tn th hin bn
ngoi ng ging ;
+ Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn nm gia hai ng ging, ch nm ngoi
+ Khi khong cch gia hai ng l qu nh khng ch cho 2 mi tn, th c mi
tn v phn ch s s cng nm ngoi ng ging.
o Arrows : ch s v mi tn s c sp xp theo th t sau
+ khi khong cch gia hai ng ging ch th c mi tn v v ch s nm lt bn
trong ng ging ;
+ Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn s nm trong hai ng ging cn ch s s
nm ngoi;
+ Khi khng ch cho mi tn th mi tn v ch s s cng nm ngoi.
o Text : ch s v mi tn s c sp xp theo th t sau
+ Khi ch cho mi tn v ch s th c hai s cng nm bn trong hai ng ging ;
+ Khi ch ch cho ch th ch nm trong, mi tn nm ngoi ;
+ Khi khng ch cho ch th c mi tn v ch cng nm ngoi

21
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

o Both text and Arrows : Khi khng ch th c hai s cng nm ngoi

o Always keep text between ext lines : ch s lun lun nm bn ngoi hai ng ging.
o Suppress arrows if they dont's fit inside extension lines : s khng xut hin mi tn nu
khng ch.
Text placement : Gn v tr ghi ch s nu chng b di chuyn khi v tr mc nh
o Bestside the dimension line : xp ch s ghi kch thc bn cnh ng kch thc;
o Over the dimension line, with a leader : c mt ng dn ni gia ch s v ng
kch thc;
o Over the dimension line, without a leader : khng v ng dn ni gia ch s v
ng kch thc;
Scale for dimension features : gn t l kch thc cho ton b bn v hoc t l khng gian
giy v
o Use overall scale of : gn t l cho ton b cc bin ca kiu kch thc.
o Scale dimension to layout (paper space) : h s t l da trn t l khung nhn hin
hnh.
Fine tuning : (tinh chnh)
o Place text manually when dimensioning : b qua tt c cc thit lp ch s, kch
thc theo phng nm ngang;
o Always draw dim line between ext lines : ng kch thc nht thit phi v ngay c
khi ch s nm ngoi hai ng ging;
Trang Primary units
Linear dimensions: gn dng v n v cho kch thc di
o Unit format : nh dng n v cho tt c cc loi kch thc (tr kch thc gc);
o Precision : hin th s ch s thp phn sau du phy

o Fraction format : nh dng cho phn s

o Decimal separator : nh dng du phy ng
o Round off : nh ngha quy tc lm trn. V d nu ta nhp 0.25 th tt c cc kch
thc s c lm trn n 0.25.

22

Kch thc v hiu chnh kch thc (Lm vic vi Dim Style)
o Prefix : tin t, v d ng knh vng trn = 250 thng c ghi l 25 vy y
c hiu l tin t ca ch s ghi kch thc.
o Suffix : hu t - l ch s thm vo ng sau mi tr s kch thc;
o Measurement scale : xc nh t l o
+ Scale factor: h s t l chiu di cho cc loi kch thc (tr kch thc gc). V d
nu ta nhp 2 th AutoCAD s hin th 1mm v tng ng 2 mm khi ghi kch thc.
+ Apply to layout dimensions only: ch p dng t l ny cho cc kch thc to trn
Layout.
o Zero suppression: iu khin vic hin th cc s 0 v ngha
+ Leading: b qua cc s 0 v ngha trc ch s ghi kch thc. V d 0.2500 s ch
cn .2500;
+ Trailing: b qua cc s 0 v ngha trong phn thp phn. V d 15.2500 s ch cn
15.25 ;
+ 0 Feet: b qua cc s 0 c ngha ca cc ch s ghi kch thc c tr s nh hn 1
foot.
+ 0 Inches: b qua phn gi tr Inch ca ch s c ngha nu khong cch l s nguyn
ca feet.
Angular dimensions : hin th v gn dng hin hnh cho n v gc
o Units format : nh dng n v cho gc;
o Precision : hin th s ch s thp phn c ngha cho n v gc.
o Zero suppression : b qua cc s 0.

Alternate Units: n v kch thc ph.

Display Alternate units: in n v o ph vo kch thc .
o Unit format : nh dng n v lin kt cho tt c cc loi kch thc (tr kch thc
gc);
o Precision : hin th s ch s thp phn sau du phy ;
o Multiplier for Altenate units: ch nh h s chuyn i gia n v kch thc chnh
v kch thc lin kt.

23
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

o Round distances to : nh ngha quy tc lm trn ;

o Prefix : khai bo tin t
o Surfix : khai bo hu t
Zero suppression : kim tra vic loi b s 0 v ngha ;
Placement : nh v tr t kch thc lin kt
o After primary units : t kch thc lin kt sau ch s kch thc chnh ;
o Below primary units : t kch thc lin kt trc ch s kch thc chnh.

Tolerance: nh dng hin th cc ch s dung sai

Tolerance format : iu khin nh dng ch s dung sai
o Method : phng php tnh dung sai kch thc
+ None: khng thm vo sau ch s kch thc sai lch gii hn tr s dung sai ;
+ Symmetrical: du xut hin trc cc gi tr sai lch gii hn ;
+ Deviation: cc sai lch m (Lower value) v dng (Upper value) c gi tr khc
nhau ;
+ Limits : to cc kch thc gii hn ln nht v nh nht ;
+ Basic: to khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc.
o Precision : hin th s ch s thp phn sau du phy ;
o Upper value : gii hn sai lnh trn;
o Lower value : gii hn sai lnh di;
o Scale for height : t s chiu cao ch v ch s dung sai kch thc ;
o Vertical position : nh dng im cn l theo phng thng ng.
o Zero suppression : kim tra vic loi b s 0 v ngha ;
Alternate unit tolerance: gn chnh xc v quy tc loi b s 0 i vi cc n v kch
thc ph.

7.3. DIMEDIT sa thuc tnh ng kch thc

Home
Di chuyn v tr ca dng ghi ch ng kch thc

24

K hiu vt liu
Select objects: Chn mt ng kch thc

New
Thay i ni dung dng ghi ch ng kch thc

Rotate
Thay i gc ca dng ghi ch so vi ng kch thc
Enter text angle: Nhp gi tr gc quay
Select objects: Chn i tng ng kch thc

Oblique
To ng kch thc xin
Select objects: Chn ng kch thc
Enter obliquing angle (RETURN for none): Nhp gi tr gc xin

8. K hiu vt liu
8.1. Khi nim mt ct v hnh ct
Thng thng trong mt bn v k thut ngoi cc th hin ng nt cn cn n cc th hin
bn trong khi hnh. V d khi ta v mt mt ct a cht th ngoi cc nt th hin lp a cht
cn cn n cc th hin bn trong phn gii hn ca mi lp t (loi t, thnh phn ct
liu...).
Cc hnh ct v mt ct khng ch mang ngha l lm p cho bn v m i khi cn cha
ng thm rt nhiu ni dung thng tin trong . V d nhn vo bn v mt ct ta c th bit
l mt ct i qua vt liu l thp, hay g hay b tng; nhn vo bn v a cht cng trnh ta
c th bit tn, mt s tnh cht c l ca lp t m t v.v...
Trong AutoCAD 2002 mt ct ch yu c vit theo tiu chun ANSI (America National
Standards Institute) v tiu chun ISO (International Standards Organization). Cc tiu
chun ny ch c mt s mu l c th s dng c cho TCVN.

25
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

Do vy nu mun c cc bn v ng TCVN th ngi s dng phi t nh ngha ly cc mu

t cho mnh.

8.2. Trnh t v hnh ct, mt ct

v mt hnh ct ta c th thc hin theo th t sau :
- To hnh ng kn bng cc lnh Line, Rectangle, Arc, Pline, Ellipse, Trim....
- T Draw menu chn Hatch (hoc t dng nhc g lnh : Bhatch)
- T hp thoi Boundary Hatch chn tab
Chn cc tham s mu t ti hp thoi ny.
- Chn
ch nh vng cn t trn mn hnh ho.
- Chn
xem th hnh dng mu t.

8.3. FILL bt tt ch in y i tng

(re)

8.4. BHATCH v k hiu vt liu trong mt ct

Lnh Bhatch cho php gch mt ct (hatch) mt vng khp kn c bao quanh bi cc ng
(thng hay cong) bng cch im vo mt im bn trong vng hay chn ng bao quanh
vng .

Pattern Type - t loi mu

Predefined - Chn loi mu t c nh ngha trong tp tin AutoCAD.pat
User-defined -Mu do ngi dng nh ngha
Custom - Mu t do ngi dng nh ngha c t trong tp tin a.pat hoc phn tip theo
trong tp tin AutoCAD.pat

26

K hiu vt liu
Pattern - Chn tn mu t ln bn v. c th xem v chn kiu mu t cc mu c sn ca
AutoCAD c th chn:
Swatch : Th hin ca mu chn c tn chn Pattern.
Custom Pattern - Nhp tn mu t do ngi s dng to ra
Scale - Thay i t l mu t
Angle - Gc nghing cho ng gch.
Spacing -Xc nh khong cch gia cc ng gch.
Double - La chn ny cho php AutoCAD v lot ng th hai vung gc vi lot ng
gc (gch an cho).
Composition: c hai la chn
+Associative: cc ng m t mt ct c lin kt vi nhau. Khi nu ta thc hin
lnh Scale, Stretch vi cc ng bin ca mu t th din tch vng mu t cng s
c t ng thay i theo.
+ Nonassociative: ch ny cc mu t mt ct s ch c nh ngha 01 ln.

Boundary
Pick Points
Ty chn ny t ng nh ngha vng cn gch mt ct bng cch ch ra mt im trong
vng .
Nhc nh trn s c lp li chn nhiu vng cn gch cng vi kiu mt ct chn cho
n khi tr li bng Null ( ) kt thc.

Select Objects
Ty chn cho php nh ngha vng cn gch mt ct bng cch chn ng bao.

Trong trng hp khng mun t mu ln ch nm pha trong ng bao bn chn i tng

TEXT pha trong ng bao ri thc hin t.

Remove Islands
Hy b i tng ng bao nm pha trong ng bao khc

27
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

View Selections
Xem tt c cc ng bao v cc nguyn th chn la.
Inherit Properties
Tha hng mu t ca i tng c chn.
Select hatch object: Chn i tng c t
Mi thng s mu t ca i tng s c cp nht trn hp hi thoi Boundary Hatch, bn
c th s dng mu t cho cc i tng khc.
Preview hatch: xem trc vic gch
Advanced Options

Island Detection Style

La chn ny dng xc nh kiu ca mu t khi gp trung hp c mt min ng kn khc
nm lt hn trong min hin chn (cc hnh lng nhau). Khi AutoCAD cho php chn mt
trong 3 kiu t :

Normal
Mi ng gch s c bt u t ng bao ngoi cng, nu n bt gp mt ng bao bn
trong n s tt cho n khi gp mt ng bao khc. Nh vy, tnh t ngoi vo cc ng bao
c s l c gch cn cc ng s chn khng c gch ( ng bao ngoi cng c s l).
Outer
Ch gch bt u t ng bao ngoi cng v s tt khi gp mt ng bao bn trong.
Ignore
in y vng c gii hn bi ng bao ngoi cng l i cc i tng bn trong.

28

K hiu vt liu

8.5. HATCHEDIT hiu chnh mt ct

8.6. Mt s vn v Hatch trong AutoCAD
Hatch l mt phn khng th thiu c i vi bn v k thut th hin trong AutoCAD.
Chnh v s a dng v phc tp ca n m c rt nhiu vn ny sinh xung quanh HATCH.
Di y l mt s vn thng gp:
Vn 1: Khi xa mt i tng hatch, i tng chn bin ca hatch (line, arc, pline) cng
lp tc b xa. Lm sao min xa c i tng Hatch m khng xa i tng nm bin
ca n.
Kim tra bin h thng PICKSTYLE: Mi quan h gia i tng hatch v i tng.
chn i tng hatch m khng chn i tng chn bin ca n th t PICKSTYLE bng
0 hoc 1. chn i tng Hatch v chn lun i tng chn bin ca n th t
PICKSTYLE bng 2 hoc 3.
Vn 2: Nhiu khi phi s dng mu hatch chp nhau. V d nh khi s dng hatch b tng
ct thp, cn phi s dng nt cho (LINE) v nt gch v (AR-CONC). Lm sao bn ni 2
mu hatch ny li thnh 1 mu mi.
To 1 file mi c tn trng vi tn mu hatch vi ui l .pat. V d: BE_TONG.PAT. M file
Acad.pat trong th mc support ra, tm on m cad m t v gch, copy vo file mi ny, tm
on cad m t v Line, copy vo tip. Save li, s dng lnh hatch l ok. Ch : cui file
BE_TONG.PAT ny phi c mt dng trng.
Vn 3: S dng hatch c bit cho bn v. Khi copy bn v n my khc th bn v vn
nh vy, nhng mun hatch thm th li khng c. Mun tm ci mu hatch th phi lm
th no.
ACAD cha mu Hatch ca n trong file Acad.pat ti th mc support.
ly mu hatch sang my khc, c 3 cch:
1. Copy file Acad.pat ca my ch sang my khch.
2. M file Acad.pat ca my ch, tm on text ni v mu hatch cn cho bn v ri copy n.
M file Acad.pat ca my khch, paste n vo cui cng.
3. M file Acad.pat ca my ch, tm on text ni v mu hatch cn cho bn v ri copy. To
mt file c tn trng vi tn ca mu hatch c ui l pat v dn ni dung copy. Chuyn file
mi ny vo th mc support.
Vn 4: to mt i tng hatch m khng cn ng boundary?
dng lnh -hatch (not hatch), chn option W (draw)

Vn 5: Khi i tng chun b to hatch khng to nn mt ng bin kn. Lm th no

hatch vo min h ny?
Vi CAD 2007, Ti bng lnh Hatch click vo phm More Options (Alt + >) hin ra y
bng lnh. Nhp s liu vo k h cho php.

29
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

9. Cc bin h thng (setvar)

Bin h thng trong AutoCAD dng lu cc thng s iu khin cho cc lnh. Nhiu khi
chng ta dng lnh khng c nh cng l do bin h thng b thay i (ch hay v ).
hin th danh sch cc bin h thng: setvar
Enter variable name or [?] <current>: Enter a variable name, enter ?, or press ENTER
Mt s bin h thng thng dng.
- PICKFIRST: Nu bin ny l 0, khi bn chn i tng ri mi g lnh, lnh s bt chn li
i tng. i tng c s b deselect.
- PICKADD: Nu bin ny l 0, bn ch chn c tng i tng 1, khi bn chn i tng
mi i tng c s b deselect.
- PICKAUTO: Nu bin ny l 0, bn khng th crossing hay window chn i tng mt
cch t ng (Bn phi g C hay W khi du nhc chn).
- PICKDRAG:Nu bin ny l 1, khi bn chn crossing hay window bn phi drag chut
(ging corel, word,...) thay v pick 2 ln.
- QTEXT: nu bin ny l on, text ca bn s tr thnh 1 hnh ch nht. V hin th rt nhanh.
t on cho bin ny khi bn v c qu nhiu text, m bn khng c nhu cu phi xem chng.
- MIRRTEXT: nu bin ny l 1, text s b ngc khi s dng lnh mirror. Bng 0 th text vn
nh bnh thng trong lnh mirrtext. Lnh ny cn c tc dng vi Attribute trong block.
- CURSORSIZE: Kch thc con tr, 100 l y mn hnh, 5 l mc nh ban u lc ci
ACAD.
- FILEDIA: nu bin ny bng 0, tt c cc hp thoi hi v file u khng xut hin. V d khi
bn dng lnh Open, thay v hp thoi quen thuc, ACAD s hi tn file ca bn ti dng
COMMAND.
- ZOOMWHEEL: Xc nh chiu zoom ca iu khin cun trn chut.
- MBUTTONPAN: Xc nh chc nng Pan ca phm chut gia.

30

Lm vic vi Layout

10. Lm vic vi Layout

10.1. Khi nim Layout
Layout c hiu l phn m phng th hin bn v trn giy (PaperSpace). Vi mt bn v ta
c th thit lp nhiu Layout, mi Layout tng ng vi mt phng n in c th.
Trong mi Layout cng c th to v nh v tr cho Viewport; c th thm BLock khung tn
hoc cc i tng v khc...
Nhng c im khi s dng Layout
- V ton b cc i tng trong ModelSpace, khng cn limits, khng cn khung bn v,
khung tn.
- Layout nh mt t giy (c thit lp my in, kh v t l theo lnh pagesetup). Khng gian
ny c AutoCad nh ngha l PaperSpace.
- Nhng ni dung gi c nh: khung bn v, khung tn, ghi ch.... nn to trc tip trn
PaperSpace.
- Mun thy nhng g v trong ModelSpace, to ra cc ca s nhn ra ModelSpace. Cc
ca s gi l ViewPort (mv).
- Mt bn v c th to nhiu layout khc nhau.
- Trong mi Layout li c th to v nh v nhiu ViewPort khc nhau th hin cc ni
dung bn v cn in.

10.2. Cc bc to bn in vi Layout
1. Lm vic vi ModelSpace
Trong ModelSpace, v vi t l 1:1, v ty mc ch c th quyt nh mt n v v ng vi
1mm, 1inch, 1 foot, hay bt k 1 n v o lng no.

2. Lm vic vi Layout
Layout hay cn gi l khng gian giy (PaperSpace). Trong khng gian giy, c th v khung
tn, to cc khung nhn (Viewport), Dim bn v hay thm cc ch thch.

3. To v chnh sa khung nhn (layout viewports)

C th to mt hay nhiu khung nhn hin th bn v trong khng gian giy. Mi khung nhn
cho php thay i kch thc cng nh t l. Cc khung nhn d dng di chuyn gip ngi
thit k trnh by b cc bn v nhanh chng v hp l.

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B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

Ch : Nn to mt Layer ring qun l cc khung nhn, mc ch khi in ta s khng cho

hin th cc ng bao ca khung nhn.
S dng lnh Mview (MV) to nhanh cc khung nhn.
To mt khung nhn khng phi l hnh ch nht
i khi cn nhng khung nhn khng phi l hnh ch nht, v d trong trng hp cn in bnh
. Cch to l chuyn i mt i tng v trong PaperSpace thnh Viewport.
Lnh Mview c hai la chn thc hin thao tc ny.
[ON/OFF/Fit/Shadeplot/Lock/Object/Polygonal/Restore/2/3/4] <Fit>
- Vi la chn Object, bn c th la chn mt i tng khp kn nh ng trn, polyline
khp kn trong khng gian giy convert thnh 1 khung nhn.
- Vi la chn Polyonal bn c th dng to mt khung nhn l mt polyline bng cch pick
cc im to thnh 1 vng khp kn
Thay i kch thc khung nhn
Thay i kch thc khung nhn tng t chnh sa mt Polyline.
Ct, xn mt khung nhn
S dng lnh VPCLIP.
4. T l ca khung nhn
t t l cho mi khung nhn trong PaperSpace, s dng thuc tnh Sandard Scale trong ca
s Properties ca khung nhn y.
Khi t c t l cho khung nhn, c th kha khung nhn bng thuc tnh Display Locked:
ON.
5. ng bng (Freeze) Layer trong tng khung nhn
Mt trong nhng u im khi s dng layout l c th la chn ng bng cc layer khc
nhau trong mi khung nhn m khng nh hng n cc khung nhn khc.
6. Bt v tt Khung nhn
tit kim thi gian ti (load) bn v, nn tt i nhng khung nhn khng cn thit lc chnh

32

Lm vic vi khi
sa bn v.
7. Dng (Align) cc i tng trong khung nhn
dng cc i tng trong cc khung nhn khc nhau, s dng lnh MVSETUP => Align.

8. Xoay cc khung nhn

xoay cc khung nhn dng lnh UCS (Quay h ta ) v lnh PLAN (thay i h ta ).
Thng dng trong trng hp in bnh .
9. DimStyle
To nhiu DimStyle vi cc t l khc nhau. (Fit > Use overall scale of).
Nu dng 1 DimStyle cho tt c cc t l th cn in trong layout (Fit > Scale Dimensions to
layout)
VD: Khi hin th trong khung nhn c t l 1:100 th over scale ca dimstyle s t ng l 100.
10. To khung tn trong layout
To khung tn vi t l 1:1 sau sp xp cc khung nhn vo trong khung tn vi t l ty .

11. Lm vic vi khi

Cc lnh lm vic vi khi

Khi (Block) l mt nhm cc i tng c lin kt vi nhau to thanh mt i tng duy

nht. Sau khi to khi chng c s dng nh mt biu tng, mt k hiu hoc mt m hnh
trong bn v (inh c, bnh rng, t in, in tr, bn gh, con ln .v.v..). iu c bit tin
li ca Block l chng c th c nh ngha ri ghi ra File s dng cho cc bn v sau
ny. Ngha l nu s dng khi ta c th to ra cc th vin i tng v ng tiu chun, ph
hp vi cc yu cu k thut ca tng ngnh, ngh c th.

11.1. BLOCK nh ngha mt khi mi

Cho php nhm cc i tng hin din trn bn v thnh mt khi mi.

33
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

Sau khi nh ngha khi xong, cc nguyn th c nhm thnh khi s bin mt. Nu
mun phc hi phi dng lnh OOps.
Cch to Block qua hp thoi.
T Draw menu, chn Block -> Make...; Command line: Block

Sau khi gi hp thoi thao tc nh sau :

- Ti Name : t tn cho khi s to.
- Bm
sau chn cc i tng thnh phn ca khi;
- Bm
chn im chn ca khi;
- Chn n v khi chn khi Insert units.
- Bm
kt thc.

11.2. ATTDEF gn thuc tnh cho khi

Thuc tnh kiu String (dng trong trng hp k hiu ghi ch nh cao mt t)
T Draw menu, chn Block -> Define Attributes...; Command line: attdef

Mode : nh kiu

34

Lm vic vi khi
Invisible: Nu chn thuc tnh ny th cc thuc tnh c nh ngha s khng th hin
trn mn hnh;
Constant: Thuc tnh c nh ngha c mt tnh cht c nh v khng th thay i
c trong qu trnh chn khi vo bn v;
Verify: Thuc tnh c nh ngha s hin th trn dng nhc cho bn kim tra li v
nu cn bn c th thay i qu trnh chn khi vo bn v;
Preset: AutoCAD chn khi vo bn v v ly gi tr thuc tnh c nh ngha v
khng t ra cu hi.
Attribute: thuc tnh
Tag - nhp tn ca thuc tnh
Prompt - Nhp dng nhc nu ta mun n xut hin khi chn khi c cha nh ngha
thuc tnh ny.
Value - Nhp gi tr mc nh cho thuc tnh (nu mun c)
Insertion point - im chn
Cho php nhp ta im u ca thuc tnh hoc bng thit b ch im trn mn hnh (nhy
chut vo pick point).
Text options: Cho php xc nh kiu ch, chiu cao, gc quay, kiu cn l cho thuc tnh.
Justication: Kiu cn l cho thuc tnh (ging nh cn l cho dng text).
Text Style: Kiu ch vit thuc tnh ( c nh ngha bng lnh Style).
Height: Chiu cao ch
Rotation: Gc quay ca dng text.
Align below previous attribute: Nu chn chc nng ny s cho php to mt thuc tnh mi c
cc thng s Text options ging nh ca thuc tnh va to thnh trc . Ring insertion
point th ging nh khi trong lnh Text m ta ( xung dng).
Sau khi chn la xong v OK, c th thy tn ca thuc tnh xut hin trnmn hnh.
gn thuc tnh vo khi no , khi chn cc thnh phn ca khi th ta phi chn c cc
thuc tnh ny (nhy chut vo tn ca thuc tnh).
nhp thuc tnh kh chn Block, cn to block cha c cc i tng hnh hc v thuc tnh
va to.

11.3. INSERT chn khi vo bn v thng qua hp thoi

Cho php chn mt khi c nh ngha (hay mt bn v ang tn ti) vo bn v hin
hnh thng qua hp thoi.
Ti thanh cng c, chn Insert > Block hoc s dng lnh Insert

Name: Tn khi cn chn.

Browse... Chn khi t bn v bn ngoi.
Insertion point: im chn.
Scale : (t l) cho php phng, thu khi theo c ba phng vi t l ty .
Rotation (quay): cho php xoay khi khi chn vo bn v vi gc quay tng ng c
nhp vo trong son tho Rotation.

35
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

Explode (ph khi): Nu dng chc nng ny cho php chn mt khi nh l mt tp hp
cc nguyn th ring l ch khng phi l mt thc th n.

11.4. DIVIDE chia i tng v thnh nhiu phn bng nhau

Lnh chia i tng v thnh nhiu phn bng nhau
Lnh Divide chia mt i tng thnh nhiu phn c di bng nhau v t cc im
nh du (point) dc theo i tng ti cc im chia.
T Draw menu, chn Point-> Divide
Select object to divide: chn i tng cn chia
Enter the number of segments or [Block]: B
Enter name of block to insert: Gh bnh
Align block with object? [Yes/No] <Y>: Y
Enter the number of segments: 10

Mt i tng c th c chia ra thnh t 2 n 32767 phn on. Cc i tng c chia

bi lnh divide l line, arc, circle v 2D polyline. Sau khi chia xong v tr chia c nh du
bng im (point), c dng v kch thc ca kiu im hin thi.

11.5. MEASURE chia i tng theo hng on thng

Lnh Measure cho php o i tng bng mt on (segment) c di xc nh. Cc i
tng c th chn cho lnh ny l line, arc, circle v polyline. Cu trc ca lnh Measure
tng t lnh Divide.
T Draw menu, chn Point-> measure
Select object to measure: chn i tng bng cch im vo i tng
Specify length of segment or [Block]: B
Enter name of block to insert: Gh bnh 1
Align block with object? [Yes/No] <Y>: Y
Specify length of segment: 12 (chiu di on chn)

Length of segment
Ty thuc vo im khi chn i tng gn u no, AutoCAD s bt u o t u .
on cui cng c th ngn hn cc on khc. Ti cc im chia c nh du bng point.
Phn on i tng l mt on thng

36

Lm vic vi khi

Phn on i tng l mt ng trn

Phn on i tng l mt ng Polyline

11.6. WBLOCK ghi khi ra a

Ghi block ra a
Cho php ghi ton b hay mt phn bn v hay mt khi nh ngha thnh mt file bn v
khi cn c th chn vo bn v nh mt khi.
Command line: Wblock

Block : ghi khi ra File, chc nng ny s cho php ta s xut mt trong cc khi (Block)
nh ngha ra File.
Entire drawing : La chn ny cho php ghi ton b cc ni dung trn bn v hin ti ra File.
Objects : Ch ghi mt s i tng theo ch nh ca NSD. Vi la chn ny th NSD phi c
thm ng tc chn i tng
; chn im chn.
File name : nhp vo tn File s ghi ca khi.
Location : a ch ghi File. C th bm chn a ch nghi File t hp
thoi.
Insert units : n v tnh ca Block.

11.7. EXPLORE phn r khi

Lnh lm tan khi
Lnh explode tan khi (k c khi n danh nh kch thc, mu mt ct v.v... do AutoCAD
nh ngha) v thay th bng cc nguyn th to ra khi .
Lnh ny c tc dng khi cn hiu chnh cc nguyn th thnh phn ca khi.

37
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

Ti thanh cng c, chn

T Modify menu, chn Explode
Command line: Explode
Lu : khng th lm tan (explode) cc i tng sau:
Cc khi c chn bng lnh minsert.
Cc khi c t l X, Y, Z khng bng nhau.

12. To bng trong AutoCAD (Ver. >2006)

T CAD2006 Autodesk cung cp thm mt cng c l v bng v 1 style mi l Table Style.
Bng trong AutoCAD kh n gin v trc quan vi nhng tnh nng tng t bng tnh Excel.
Ty nhin nu bn v khng qu nhiu bng th n khng tht cn thit.

Sau khi thm bng, thng thng edit bng phi s dng mn phi chut.Vi phin bn
2008 Autodesk thm thanh cng c Table gip ngi dng thao tc nhanh hn.

Vn
AutoCAD 2005/2006/2007 cung cp i tng table vi hn 20 lnh. Nhng khng cung cp
cho toolbar dnh cho bng c th hiu chnh bng thun li. Vi TableBar, ta c th lm
c iu ny.
Kt hp tt c cc lnh v bng trong AutoCAD 2005/2006/2007 trong cng mt toobar, ging
nh table toolbar v Table trong Microsoft Word.

38

Cc on Lisp h tr cng tc thit k.

Cc yu cu h thng
Phin bn ca AutoCAD 2005/2006/2007 (ngoi tr AutoCAD LT) hoc phin bn base
y nh bn c trong Architectural Desktop, Map, Building System and Mechanical
TableBar KHNG h tr cho AutoCAD 2000/200/2004. N da trn nn tng i tng
AcDbTable ca AutoCAD 2005/2006/2007
http://www.cadig.com/products/tablebar.php

13. Cc on Lisp h tr cng tc thit k.

13.1. T ng in nhiu bn v mt lc trong ModelSpace (MPL.VLX)
Khi cn phi in nhiu bn v vi AutoCAD. Mi ln in ta phi chn my in, t kh giy, nh
nt in, pick im, in t l, xoay chiu ngang dc mi bn v. Cc bc lp li nhm chn v
tn thi gian. MPlot l cng c h tr cng vic ny mt cch t ng ha. MPlot c pht
trin bng ngn ng AutoLisp chy trn mi trng AutoCAD.
Giao din khi s dng lnh MPL

39
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

Cc mc nhp liu c bn gm 3 phn:

- Phn my in, nt in, kh giy: ging nh AutoCAD.
- Phn phng thc in: ngi dng c chn theo 3 cch in.
Cch th nht l in cc hnh v nm trong Rectangle.
Cch in th 2 l in cc hnh v c nh ngha bng hai nh ca mt ng Line (hai
nh cho).
Cch th 3 in bng cch ch nh tn Block l khung tn bn v. Trong c 3 trng hp,
chng trnh u quan nim ng bin ngoi cng ca kh giy s tng ng vi
ng bin ngoi ca Rectangle, Line, v i tng bao ngoi ca block.
- Phn preview v plot ging ca AutoCAD.
Mplot s t ng chn im, t ng tnh t l, t ng xoay bn v in theo ng mong
mun ca bn.

13.2. Tnh tng chiu di ng thng, ng cong

cmd: TG
Chn cc ng line, pline, arc cn tnh. Chng trnh tr v tng chiu di cc i tng c
chn.

13.3. in nhanh din tch min

cmd: DTM
Chn im nm trong min cn tnh. Nhp chiu cao ch in.

13.4. Ni line v arc thnh polyline

cmd: NN
Chn cc ng cn ni, cc ng ny cn lin nhau.

13.5. Scale mt chiu (xsc)

cmd: XSC
Chn i tng cn scale, chn im gc.

40

Cc thao tc, th thut

Chn trc mun scale, t t l cho vic thu phng.

13.6. Offset line sang hai bn

cmd: oo
Chn i tng, Nhp khong cch offset.

13.7. In bnh dui thng

Trnh t:
ModelSpace
V khung hin th hnh ch nht, kch thc ty theo t l v v kh giy (280x380).
V ng cc ng ging vung gc tim tuyn.
nh ngha khung nhn Mkv (make view). Nhp tn cng nhn, xc nh khung nhn.
Layout
V khung tn.
V khung nhn dng a gic: VBK (nhiu cnh d iu chnh).
Gn khung nhn trong ModelSpace vi Viewport CN.
iu chnh li t l cho ph hp.
Hon thin bn v.

13.8. Break i tng ti mt im

cmd: bf
Chn i tng cn break, chn im ph khi.

14. Cc thao tc, th thut

14.1. V ng phn gic
Dng lnh XLine, tham s B (Bisect).
Pick vo tm ri pick vo 2 im thuc 2 cnh ca gc.

14.2. Tnh din tch, c trng hnh hc (Bo)

14.3. Chn cc file tham chiu Xref
Cmd: Xref Qun l cc tham chiu m rng.
Cc tham chiu gip gim dung lng ca mt bn v.

41
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng

BIGINGTHCTPCNGNHN(DRAFT)

Attach Thm bn v, gn bn v nh km vo bn v hin hnh (Vi phin bn mi hn c

th thm cc loi nh...).
Detach ngc li vi Attach: G bn v tham chiu ra khi bn v hin hnh, khng li
ng dn.
Reload: Ti li bn v gc. khi chnh sa bn v tham chiu th mc gc. Chc nng ny
gip nhng thay i ti bn v tham chiu c cp nht vo bn v hin ti.
Unload: D bn v tham chiu ra khi bn v hin hnh nhng vn li ng dn. Mun ti
li s dng Reload.
Bind: Chuyn bn v sang t dng lin kt sang dng khi

42

Error! No text of specified style in document.Error!Notextofspecifiedstylein

document.

Cc lnh tt AutoCAD

43
B mn T ng ha Thit k Cu ng