Controllability, Observability: Compressor Stall

Harry G. Kwatny
Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics Drexel University

Outline

Jet engine compressors and the Moore-Grietzer model Equilibria and bifurcation in compressors surge and rotating stall Linear controllability and observability at the bifurcation point Nonlinear controllability Nonlinear observability

Example: Jet Engine Compressor

Example: MG3 Model

= + ( ) I ( , A) c 1 = ( T ( ) ) / = I ( , A) A 2
2
I1 ( , A) = c ( ) I 2 ( , A) = 1 3 1 2

c ( + A sin ) d

c ( + A sin ) sin d

the (annulus-averaged) flow coefficient, the pressure rise coefficient,

A the amplitude of the first harmonic of annular flow distribution, C The function is the compressor characteristic the throttle characteristic.

Example: Computational Data

3 3 1 c ( ) = c 0 + H 1 + 1 1 2 W 2 W

T ( ) =
control

1 I1 ( , A) = ( 3 A2 ( 1 + ) 2 ( 3 + ) 2 c 0 ) 4 1 I 2 ( , A) = A ( A2 + 4 ( 2 + ) ) 8

Example: Axisymmetric Equilibria (A=0)

3 unstable

stable

2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Example: Non-Axisymmetric: Stall

3 3

2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0.5 R 1 0.75 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0.5

3

1.5

2.5

2.5 0.5 0.25 0.5 -0.25 1 -0.5 -0.75 -1 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 0.5

2 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

1.5

Linearization at Bifurcation Point

= 0.72 + 3R ( ( 3 + ) + 6 R ) = 1.40845

1 2

= 16 R ( ( 2 + ) + R ) , R = A2 / 2 R bifurcation point: = 2, = 2.72, R = 0, = 1.21268 1 3 0 0 A = 1.40845 0.517813 0 , B = 2.3228 , C = [1 0 0] 0 0 0 0 Linearization fails to be controllable or observable!

Nonlinear Controllability set up equations

Nonlinear Controllability
Generic distribution around (0,0,0)

Distribution evaluated at (0,0,0)

The implication of the singularity of the controllability distribution is that a nonsmooth control will be required!

Nonlinear Observability
One measurement case

Two measurement case