GH = GH = x = R EF = ( R + y ) and the longitudinal strain in fibre EF is x = but EF = GH = GH = R ; therefore x = Hence, x = and since R= dx / d , therefore also x =

Figure 7

Regarding deformation in the y- and z- directions, it is apparent that the changes in the length of the beam will result in changes in the transverse dimensions. For example, the fibers in compression will be associated with an increase in thickness, whereas the region in tension will show a decrease in beam thickness. The transverse strains will be x z = y = -

= - Vx