x =

(a)

Figure 4

(b)

The strain in term of location y of the segment and the radius of curvature of the longitudinal axis of the element axis of the element. Before deformation, = (figure 4 (a), after deformation has a radius of curvature with the center of curvature at point O , figure 4(b). Since defines the angle between the sides of the element, . In the same manner, the deformed length of the become = (p-y) , the following equation can be obtained.

=-