Chapter No 1: What is Computer?

Chapter No 1 What is Computer?

DEFINITION NO 1: Computer is an electronic device which takes some input, process it, and produce output. DEFINITION NO 2: Electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory Accepts data Manipulates data Produces results Stores results

PARTS OF CO P!TER:
According to above definition we can divide computer functionality in to three main parts Input Output Process INPU T
PROCESS

OUTPU T

INP!T Input is any data or instructions entered to the computer Input can be in the form of audio! video! graphics and animations and instructions Instructions can be Programs
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Chapter No 1: What is Computer?

Commands "ser response

Pro"rams Program tells a computer what to do and how to do# $hese are written instructions in some specific language %languages will be describe future& Comma#$s Command causes a program to perform a specific action 'ike Ctrl(S for saving a Ms )ord *ocument !ser Respo#se A user response is an action which is or can be done by answering any +uestion from computer like ,ou want to save that file# "ser have two options ,es or -o! that is depend on the user what to response PROCESS Computer data processing is any process that uses a computer program to enter data and summari.e! analy.e or otherwise convert data into usable information $he process may be automated and run on a computer It involves recording! analy.ing! sorting! summari.ing! calculating! disseminating and storing data /ecause data is most useful when well0presented and actually informative! data0processing systems are often referred to as information systems In computer processing is done by CP" %Central Processing "nit& O!TP!T Output is the data that has been processed in to useful form $he computer takes the input from user process it and produced output Output also can be te1t! Audio! 2ideo! graphics and animations Output can be in two forms Soft Copy 3ard Copy

So%t Cop&: )hen you are writing a document! playing a game! watching a video clip! or reading the latest news Soft copy is what you see on the monitor%Screen& Soft copy is temporary4 after you have finished with it! there is nothing solid to hold ,ou can! however! transfer soft copy to a disk to transport it 'ar$ Cop&:

Chapter No 1: What is Computer?

3ard copy can be touched and carried 3ard copy is usually some form of paper output It is especially helpful if you need to have a colleague look at your work or you need to give your work to a supervisor or teacher

Chapter No 1: What is Computer?

CO PONENTS OF CO P!TER
$here are three main Components of computer 5 6 7 Input devices CP" Output *evices
CP!

INPUT DEVICES

OUTPU T DEVIC

INFOR ATION PROCESS C(C)E

Computer process data %input& into information %output& A Computer often holds data! information! and instruction in storage for future use $he series of input! process! output and storage activities as the information process cycle

DATA

INFORMAT ION

INPUT

CP!

OUTPU T

INSTRUCTI ONS

STORAGE MEDIUM

Chapter No 1: What is Computer?

W'AT IS DATA?

De%i#itio#:
E*amp+e:

89aw facts! figures! events and transactions are called data:

9esearchers who conduct market research survey might ask member of the public to complete +uestionnaires about a product or a service $hese completed +uestionnaires are data -A*9A prepared C-IC of Pakistanis by collecting data of people who belongs to Pakistan Some candidates want to take admission in university they will fill admission forms

Above all are unprocessed and unprepared which is needed to process and work more

W'( WE NEED DATA

;acts! statistics used for reference or analysis -umbers! characters! symbols! images etc ! which can be processed by a computer *ata must be interpreted! by a human or machine! to derive meaning <*ata is a representation of information< =

W'AT IS INFOR
DEFINATION:

ATION?

8Meaning full data is called information: 8Processed data is called information:

W'( WE NEED INFOR ATION

>nowledge derived from study! e1perience %by the senses&! or instruction Communication of intelligence
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Chapter No 1: What is Computer?

<Information is any kind of knowledge that is e1changeable amongst people! about things! facts! concepts! etc ! in some conte1t < <Information is interpreted data<

DATA

PROCESS

INFORMATI ON

Detai+ E*amp+e: Some candidates want to take admission so they will fill an admission form containing data about their selves )hen this data is organi.ed and arranged by eligibility criteria and admission rules a merit list will be formulated $his merit list is in the form of information of certain students which are eligible for admission *ata
Name: Ali, Ayesha, Ahmad, Munir Marks:1 ,5,2,!

Process
Merit "al"ulation #$ marks %&5 "andidate is eli'i(le Merit )ist
*r No 1 2 3 Name Ali Ayesh a Munir Mark s 1 5 !

Information