Mn hc

X L S LIU THC NGHIM

Ging vin: Mc Xun Ha

PHN 1: CC KHI NIM

PHN 2: L THUYT THNG K V NG DNG

PHN 3: THIT K TH NGHIM

Phn 1

CC KHI NIM

Ging vin: Mc Xun Ha

NI DUNG PHN 1

1.1. Tng th v Mu 1.2. Thng k m t v Thng k suy on 1.3. S c ngha v Gi tr bt thng 1.4. Sai s h thng v Sai s ngu nhin 1.5. ng v chnh xc

NI DUNG PHN 1

1.1. Tng th v Mu 1.2. Thng k m t v Thng k suy on 1.3. S c ngha v Gi tr bt thng 1.4. Sai s h thng v Sai s ngu nhin 1.5. ng v chnh xc

1.1. Tng th (Population) v Mu (Sample)

TNG TH (POPULATION)

L tp hp tt c cc thnh vin c cng mt tnh cht (N).

N: s lng thnh vin trong tng th/kch thc ca tng th.

1.1. Tng th (Population) v Mu (Sample)

TNG TH (POPULATION)

Tng th v hn: s lng hng cu, bch cu; s lng tm, c trong sng/bin, s ht ct trn sa mc, tng s t bo vi sinh vt trn tri t,... Tng th hu hn: s sinh vin trong mt trng H, s gi m c sn xut trong mt thng, s mu nem chua b h, s mu bnh ph c cha formol trong ch Sn K,...

1.1. Tng th (Population) v Mu (Sample)

VN 1: Xc nh chiu cao trung bnh ca thanh nin VN t 15 n 25 tui. Xc nh hm lng bo trung bnh trong l hng sa hp (3000 hp).

Tin hnh o t trn ton b cc thnh vin trong tng th s cho tin cy cao.

1.1. Tng th (Population) v Mu (Sample)

Tin hnh o t trn ton b cc thnh vin trong tng th c kh thi hay khng ?
Vn thi gian Vn chi ph Vn nhn lc

1.1. Tng th (Population) v Mu (Sample)

1.1. Tng th (Population) v Mu (Sample)

MU (SAMPLE)

L tp hp (n) tt c cc thnh vin c chn mt cch ngu nhin (equal chance) t tng th o t/nghin cu.
n: s lng thnh vin trong mu/kch thc mu (Sample Size).

1.1. Tng th (Population) v Mu (Sample)

Mu (n) Tng th (N)

1.1. Tng th (Population) v Mu (Sample)

Vic o t/nghin cu trn mu c m bo s chnh xc khng ?

Mu c chn phi m bo phn nh chnh xc c tng th m n ang i din.

NI DUNG PHN 1

1.1. Tng th v Mu 1.2. Thng k m t v Thng k suy on 1.3. S c ngha v Gi tr bt thng 1.4. Sai s h thng v Sai s ngu nhin 1.5. ng v chnh xc

1.2. Thng k m t v Thng k suy on

THNG K M T

VN 2:
Kt qu kim tra khi lng (g) ca mt loi thc phm c chn ngu nhin t mt kho bo qun (5 gi/nhm mu) C th em s liu ny i bo co c khng ?

1.2. Thng k m t v Thng k suy on

THNG K M T

1.2. Thng k m t v Thng k suy on

THNG K M T

M t/tm tt cc im c trng ca mt b s liu c o t/nghin cu trn mu. tp trung ca s liu phn tn ca s liu

1.2. Thng k m t v Thng k suy on

THNG K SUY ON

VN 3: Kt qu thu c l khi lng trung bnh ca cc mu sn phm c ly ngu nhin, nhng kt qu mong mun l khi lng trung bnh ca ton b sn phm c trong kho (tng th).

1.2. Thng k m t v Thng k suy on

THNG K SUY ON

L phng php c lng cc tham s ca tng th (the estimation of population

parameters) t cc thng tin thu thp t kt qu o lng hoc quan st mu. L phng php kim tra/kim nh cc gi thit thng k (testing of statistical hypotheses) t cc thng tin thu thp t kt qu o lng hoc quan st mu.

1.2. Thng k m t v Thng k suy on

THNG K SUY ON

RT RA CC KT LUN V TNH CHT CA TNG TH

SUY ON CC TNH CHT CA TNG TH

NI DUNG PHN 1

1.1. Tng th v Mu 1.2. Thng k m t v Thng k suy on 1.3. S c ngha v Gi tr bt thng 1.4. Sai s h thng v Sai s ngu nhin 1.5. ng v chnh xc

 S C NGHA GI TR BT THNG

 S C NGHA GI TR BT THNG

S C NGHA
VD: cn mu trn cn phn tch 4 s l (mc nh ly 04 s l sau du phy)

S c ngha (05)

1,2516
S tin cy (04)
gi l s c ngha.

S bt nh (01)

Vy: cc s tin cy cng vi s bt nh u tin c

 Cc s liu thc nghim phi c biu din bng mt con s gm nhng ch s c ngha. Trong thc nghim, ty theo yu cu m ngi lm th nghim s tin hnh ly s c ngha theo quy tc sau:

QUY TC LY S C NGHA

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

8.1. Ly s c ngha
Trng hp 1: I VI MT GI TR RING L

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

8.1. Ly s c ngha

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

8.1. Ly s c ngha
Trng hp 2: I VI MT PHP TNH

Trong php tnh ch c php lm trn kt qu cui cng.

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

8.1. Ly s c ngha
Trng hp 2: I VI MT PHP TNH

VD: 8,37 + 1,345 + 123,528 = 133,243

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

8.1. Ly s c ngha
Trng hp 2: I VI MT PHP TNH

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

 S C NGHA GI TR BT THNG

GI TR BT THNG (OUTLIER) l g ?

PHNG PHP SO SNH Q (p dng cho n 10) Gi Xi l gi tr nghi ng. Cc bc kim tra nh sau: Xp dy s liu theo th t tng dn Tnh gi tr QTN Tra gi tr Q,n So snh 2 gi tr Q: QTN > Q,n loi gi tr Xi

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

Q,n

Hy kim tra xem c nn loi b gi tr 103,2 hay khng vi tin cy 95% ?

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

NI DUNG PHN 1

1.1. Tng th v Mu 1.2. Thng k m t v Thng k suy on 1.3. S c ngha v Gi tr bt thng 1.4. Sai s h thng v Sai s ngu nhin 1.5. ng v chnh xc

 Sai s (error) l s sai khc gia gi tr thc nghim thu c vi gi tr mong mun. Tt c cc s liu thu c t thc nghim u mc sai s.
khng chc chn ca s liu phn tch
Ging vin: MC XUN HA

Sai s h thng

L loi sai s do nhng nguyn nhn c nh gy ra (nguyn nhn xc nh) gy ra. SSHT dng SSHT m

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

Sai s h thng

V d 3: s thay i nhit nh hng n chiu di cc loi thc.

Chnh xc Khng chnh xc
Ging vin: MC XUN HA

Sai s h thng

Phng php phn tch Nguyn nhn Dng c - thit b Ngi phn tch

QUY LUT

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

Sai s h thng

Mu trng
PP loi tr SSHT

Thm chun Phn tch mu chun

THC NGHIM

Phn tch c lp

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

Sai s ngu nhin

L loi sai s do nhng nguyn nhn khng c nh, khng bit trc.

Khng c tnh quy lut

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

Sai s ngu nhin

Gi tr o Gi tr trung bnh

SAI S NGU NHIN

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

Sai s ngu nhin

Khch quan
Nguyn nhn SSNN

Ch quan

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

Sai s ngu nhin

Khng bit trc loi tr.

Tin hnh lp li php o nhiu ln v x l thng k nh gi SSNN.

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

NI DUNG PHN 1

1.1. Tng th v Mu 1.2. Thng k m t v Thng k suy on 1.3. S c ngha v Gi tr bt thng 1.4. Sai s h thng v Sai s ngu nhin 1.5. ng v chnh xc

Accuracy ng

Precision chnh xc

PRECISION

ACCURACY

Dng ch mc Th hin mc gn gn nhau (hay nhau ca gi tr o

lch) ca cc gi tr o (thng dng gi tr cc ln lp li. trung bnh i din)

vi gi tr thc.

Ging vin: MC XUN HA

Accuracy v Precision ()

(Xtrung bnh )

Accuracy v Precision

a) Precision (cao/thp), Accuracy (cao/thp) b) Precision (cao/thp), Accuracy (cao/thp) c) Precision (cao/thp), Accuracy (cao/thp)