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1) All these last few nice days in London that I enjoyed enormously
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, (best, beautiful, blue, dark,
fabulous, forgotten, French (), imagined, impossible, past, present, unseen, untold of,
weekly).
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. (DEAD, POOR,
WOUNDED, YOUNG) .
,
.

(betters, blacks, coloureds, commons, elders,
whites). , , (eatables, fundamentals, gilts, goods, greens,
movables, necessaries, sundries, theatricals, tights, valuables, wilds, woollens). ,
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(accused, almighty, beloved, bethrothed, condemned, dear, deceased, departed, intended),
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, (blind, criminal, living).

( : Rich and poor hastened to give what they could,
, : We prefer the old furniture to the
new), *+human+,
(conservative, dear, defective, equal, grown-up, imbecile, liberal, male, native, neutral, oral, private,
proletarian, relative, savage, silly, superior). (
, , : Dane Danish, Finn Finnish,
Iceland Icelandic, Pole Polish, Spaniard Spanish, Swede Swedish, Turk Turkish.
: Chinaman/Chinee () Chinese, Scotch/Scottish.
: dailies, the good, the left, weeklies, whites
(), wireless. : through thick and thin,
to keep to the right, to go to the bad, from bad to worse, the long and the short of it, a diamond in the
rough, in wet and dry). , : GERMAN, SWISS
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( Dutch, English, French, Irish, Scotch,
Welsh
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1.1.1. ,
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(Proper Nouns) . (Common
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(Collective Nouns)
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(Concrete Nouns) (Abstract Nouns).
. ,
, (
, . : committee, crowd, family, government, herd,
jury, nation, swarm). ,
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: beliefs, births, colds, deaths, doubts, fears, griefs, handwritings, heats,
hopes, imaginings, misgivings, solicitudes, talks, waits, weathers.
( )
( ), one
second, , two
few many.
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(crew). , ,
much , a great/good deal a lot of
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(eaves, dregs, proceeds, remains) (breeches,
pyjamas, scissors). pair).
1
:
1

Singular
Plural

John

The Alps

Table

Tables

Butter
Snow
Cattle, jury,
leaf
Luck
wish

Snows
-, juries,
leaves
wishes

,
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-, ,

-, -,
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1.1.2. :
1)
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Aristocracy
Cattle
Clergy
Linen
Poultry
Public
Vermin
2) , ,
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Common
Nouns
Collec

Singular
Plural
tive Ns

() ,
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3) :
Committee
Government
Group
Herd

Jury
Minority
Nation
Orchestra
Swarm

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Change
Junk
Rot
Youth
4) (aristocracy,
cattle, clergy, linen, poultry, public, vermin, class, commission, offspring) ,
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The cattle are sold.
The members of the household were gathering together.
The leaves are yellow.
5) ,
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IT, WHICH ITS
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THEY, WHO THEIR,
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The committee consists of five members.
The committee have given their consent.
6) .
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Six cattle
Several buttons
1.1.3. (
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1) :
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3) :
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4) :
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1.1.4. . ,
, LOVE () , AMITY
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:
Adventure, anecdote, ball, cartridge, ceremony, chronicle, cliff, coin, connection, crime,
enemy, fable, fact, incident, invective, metaphor, proof, provision, remark, shell, shot, stone, subject,
verse, vote. , (THE
TRENCH), .
, (ABUSE, ADVANCE, BUSINESS, EVIDENCE, EXPENDITURE,
INFORMATION, INTELLIGENCE, KNOWLEDGE, MEDICINE, PRODUCE, PROGRESS).
,
, , , .
, , :
Antelope, bear, beaver, boar, buck, buffalo, carp, clam, cod, dace, duck, elk, fish, gaur, giraffe,
guanaco, haddock, halibut, jack, moose, perch, pig, quarry, roach, salmon, trout, turbot, turtle,
woodcock, zebra.
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:
1) :
Shakespeares are not common in every generation.
I think there is a Robinson living in the brick house.
He is a Churchill in his determination.
Lend me your Hornby.
2) :
We live in the Eagle.
3) :
She is the beauty of the town.
4) :
The pen is mightier than the sword.
5) :
He drank a lemonade.
6) :
He spilled egg on his necktie.
7) :
What a fine body of men!

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I like fried brain for dinner.
All the brains gathered together.
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Dews, doubts, fears, frosts, gardens, grounds, heavens, orders, pities, sands, snows,
sufferings, waters, wishes, woods.
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1.1.5. , tertium comparationis, ,
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1) , ,
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Cow beef
2) ,

Boy boyhood
3)
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Tooth toothache
4) ,
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Fish fish
5) ,
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Chocolate a piece of chocolate
6) / .
:
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Table tables
) ,
:
Gold
Furniture
Courage
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:
Wish wishes
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Brain brains

,
, :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
1, 8, 15, 22, 29 36 ,
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1.1.6.


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1.

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He had six cows and a large flock of woolly sheep.
He contended himself with a bit off boiled beef.
Common
mass/abstract

/
Countable

Candle
Cigarette
Cow/ox
Ear
Eye
Flower
Heart
House
Loaf
Lock
Nose
Steak
A KIND OF ,
: two breads, two grasses, these wools.
2.
.
, ,
:
As with the sinners among men, the sin of his son was in the willful disobedience of the
command.
Common
mass/abstract

/
Countable

Bank
Brother
Consultant
Friend
Patriot
Professor
Sinner
Slave

Teacher
3.
:
Blood is a red fluid which circulates through the bodies of men and animals.
A bloodsucker is an animal that sucks blood.
Common
mass/abstract

/
Countable

Bloodsucker
Fireman
Hand
Head
Miracle worker
4.

, , .
, () (
) .
He rose and began pushing back the bolts, turning the big key.
This is the key to the listening comprehension test.
Common
mass/abstract

/
Countable

Court
Duck
Earth
Grammar
Fish
Head
Herring
Key
Mail
Nature
Rubber
Sign
Tongue
Wood
5.

,
:
Weve come a long way to buy furniture.
It was a piece of period furniture.
Mass/
common
/

Collective
countable

Bacon
Bread
Chalk
Chocolate
Coal

Flour
Furniture
Hair
Icecream
Jam
Land
Paper
Rice
Rubbish
Sand
Sugar
Toast
Water
:
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Abstract
countable

Uncountable

Abuse
Advice
Business
Evidence
Gossip
Information
Interest
Lightening
News
Nonsense
Research
Thunder
Work
.
, , :
ABUSES (misuses), BUSINESSES (shops), INTERESTS (hobbies), WORKS (products/factory).

1.1.7.
:
6.


,
:
The very smoke coming out of their chimneys was poverty stricken.
Common
mass/abstract

/
Countable

Calf
Chimney
Fugitive
Letter
Merchant
Mortal
Pig
Sheep
Traveler
Writer
7.

:
I was waiting for you to come out, while you did nothing except write me massive letters about
drains and drinking water.
Common
mass/abstract

/
Countable

Drains
Criminal
Earth
Fountain
Messenger
Plumber
Umbrella
8.

, , :
The lunch queue moved slowly forward.
It was my turn to say that.
Common
mass/abstract

/
Countable

Queue
Road
Skin
Sky
Tongue
Tree
Watch/clock
9.
,
:
She was in doubt as to whether he was a customer or not.

It was their custom to tell everything to other people.

Common
mass/abstract

/
Countable

Customer
Lawyer
Lighter
Patient
Person
Silencer
Smoker
Sleeper
Worker
10.
,
:
He pointed to a little steamer all hung with bright beads.
These were flushed and sleepy behind the wavy steam.
Common
mass/abstract

/
Countable

Fish
Steamer
11.

.
She flung the tea back, spoon and all, and resumed her chair in a pet.
Were you asked to tea, she demanded, trying an apron over her neat black frock, standing with a
spoonful of the leaf poised over the pot.
Common
mass/abstract

/
Countable

Cup
Plate
Spoon
12.

:
The postman hasnt come yet.
It came to me by post.
Common
mass/abstract

/
Countable

Battlefield
Coffee room
Lighthouse
Moon
Oak tree
Pocket
Postman
Seaman
Tea pot

13.

:
He tapped with his foot slightly, bit his lip, and looked away over the heads.
His footsteps in the vast silence were loud to his own ears, as if echoed by the watchful stars.
Common
mass/abstract

/
Countable

Aircraft
Baby
baby beef
Back
background
Foot
footstep
Butter finger
Milk tooth
Salt-cellar
Snow ball
Wisdom tooth
14.

,
:
There was a guard in front of the ministry.
Vaccination is the best guard against smallpox.
Common
mass/abstract

/
Countable

Glass
Guard
Hair
Law
line
Medicine
Room
Will
15.
, ,
,
:
He caught the glance of a dark young beauty sitting alone in a closed taxi-cab.
It was strange to think that fifteen years ago he would not have noticed her beauty.
Common
mass/abstract

/
Countable

Acquaintance
Beauty
Chicken
Lamb
Light
Rabbit
Turkey
Youth

16.
, ,
. :
He was able to refurnish his surgery and consulting room with a new couch, paddled swing chair and
scientific cabinets in white enamel and glass.
The teacher said that he need not study till the new glasses came.
Common
mass/abstract

/
Colours
Irons
Letter(s)
Scales
Spectacles
Mass
abstract

Goods
Spirits
17.

, . ,
, ,
,
:
You lost yourself that way, just became branches and trees and stones.
Drop on to the branches below!
Common nouns:
:

Singular
plural

Bastard
Blanket
Boy/lad
Branch
Bush
Calf
Chicken
Citizen
Descendant
Dog
Ear
Feather
Flint
Flower
Goose
Grandchild
Lamb
Leaf
Orphan
Plant
Puppy
Ring
Rock

Sheaf
Slave
Stick
Stone
.
( ,
, :
-
Linen
Poultry
Vermin
-
Grave Leaf
Nobleman
-
Pot)
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, :
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,
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1.1.8.1.
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1.1.8.2.
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1.2.
.
1.2.0.
- .
1.2.1. : ()
() .

, . :
Bag
Wish
: ,
singularia tatntum , :
John
North
, pluralia tantum . :
measles
trousers

, ,
:
sheep
time.
, ,
,
. , , TROUSERS
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(
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WHEAT , OATS ,
, .
1.2.0.2. ,
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AND, .
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1.2.0.3. :
- , singularia tantum
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, :
John
Butter

North
The evil
,
.
- , ,
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Athens
Brussels
Netherlands
Phonetics
Politics

- , pluralia tantum,
,
, :
The Alps
Mumps
Tights
-
( ,
).
:
Cattle
Fruit
The intelligence
Jewelry
Poultry
Vermin
(THE RICH ),
.
,
,
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, . ,
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( PHYSICS ).
1.2.0.4.
, . (
: IN A WORD, KEEP AN EYE ON JOHN). ,
:
One and a half days
One and a half pages
One and a half villages.

,
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( ),
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, ,
, .
, (
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. :
. :
The roads have just been built.
The villages have just been built.
Two/three/four roads have just been built.
Two/three/four villages have just been built.
Five/Twenty roads have just been built.
Five/Twenty villages have just been built.
Two/Three/Four women came.
Five/Twenty women came.

.
1.2.1.
:
.
1.2.1.1.
/s/, /z/ /iz/. ,
. :

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/s/ - , /s/, //, //

/z/ - , /z/, //, //
/iz/ - /s/, //, //, /z/, //, //

:
Forget-me-not
Grown-up
Take-off
, :
Grant-in-aid
Mother-in-law
Passer-by
, :
Lord Justice
Manservant
Woman doctor

 , MISS BROWNS, MISSES

BROWN. , : COURT MARTIALS
COURTS MARTIAL.