M.

Onur PCB 30313- Well Test Analysis September 2013/UTP

10.10.2013

Supplement No. 4
Subject: Derivation of equation to compute porosity-compressibility product based on a semi-log analysis of interference test pressure data. From the lecture notes we know that the pressure equation at an observation well forming the basis of semi-log analysis for two-well interference tests is given by:
p ( r , t ) = pi k 162 .6qsc B 3.23 , log (t ) + log 2 kh ct r

(1.1)

Show that by extrapolating the straight-line (based on Eq. 1.1) that would be obtained by plotting the observation well bottom-hole pressure p(r,t) versus t on a semi-log paper to t = 1 hr, we can determine the storativity of the formation; that is, the product of porosity-compressibility-thickness, from:

kh ct h = 2 10 r

p1 hr 3.23 m

(1.2)

In Eq. 1.2, m is the absolute value of the slope of the semi-log straight line (Recall that the slope of semilog-straight line on a semi-log plot of p(r,t) versus t is negative as p(r,t) decreases with logarithm of tim as can be seen from Eq. 1.1) given as:

162.6qsc B (1.3) kh and p1hr = pi p1hr , where pi is the initial reservoir pressure and p1hr is the value of pressure to be read on the semi-log line corresponponding to t = 1 hr from the vertical axis. Note that the p1hr value does not not necessarily correspond to the measured value of the observation well bottom-hole pressure at t = 1 hr. m=
Solution: Evaluating Eq. 1.1 at t = 1 hr, i.e., set t = 1 hr in Eq. 1.1, gives:
p1hr = pi 162 .6qsc B kh k log (1) + log c r 2 3.23 t

(1.4)

Because log(1) = 0, then we can rewrite Eq. 1.4 as:

k p1hr = m log c r 2 3.23 t

(1.5)

or further can be rearranged as:

k p1hr + 3.23 = log c r 2 m t

(1.6)

Note that m = m because m < 0 see Eq. 1.3. Hence, Eq. 1.6 can be rewritten as:

k p1hr + 3.23 = log c r 2 m t

(1.6)

Exponentiating both sides (based on ten); i.e.,

p1 hr + 3.23 m k log c r 2 t

10

= 10

(1.7)

We know that 10x = x, so Eq. 1.7 can be written as:

p1 hr + 3.23 m

10

k ct r 2

(1.8)

Multiplying and dividing the right-hand side of Eq. 1.8 by the reservoir thickness h, then we obtain:
p1 hr + 3.23 m

10

kh ct hr 2

(1.9)

Solving Eq. 1.9 for ct h gives:

ct h = kh r 2 1 10
p1 hr + 3.23 m

(1.10)

or equivalently can be expressed as:

p1 hr 3.23 m

kh ct h = 2 10 r

(1.11)

This is the desired equation for computing storativity (or porosity-compressibility product if h is known) from semi-log analysis of observation well pressure data at an in interference test.