B mn Cng ngh phn mm- Khoa CNTT- HCN

Email: vynv@coltech.vnu.vn
K ngh phn mm
Software Engeneering
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
2
NguynVnV
Ni dung
Bi 9: Xc minh & thm nh
Khi nim xc minh, thm nh
R sat phn mm
Kim th phn mm
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
3
NguynVnV
TI LiU THAM KHO
1. Nguyn Vn V, Nguyn Vit H. Gio trnh k ngh phn
mm. Nh xut bn i hc Quc gia H ni, 2008
2. Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson. The Unified
Modeling language User Guid. Addison-Wesley, 1998.
3. M. Ould. Managing Software Quality and Business Risk, John
Wiley and Sons, 1999.
4. Roger S.Pressman, Software Engineering, a Practitioners
Approach. Fifth Edition, McGraw Hill, 2001.
5. Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering. Sixth Edition, Addison-
Wasley, 2001.
6. Nguyn Vn V. Phn tch thit k h thng thng tin hin i.
Hng cu trc v hng i tng, NXB Thng k, 2002, H
Ni.
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
4
NguynVnV
Khi nim xc minh & thm nh
Xc minh (Verification)
Kim tra xem phn mm lm ra c ng c t (yu
cu, thit k) hay khng
Thm nh (Validation)
kim tra xem phn mm c p ng yu cu ngi
dng khng
y l 2 hot ng ct yu m bo cht lng
phn mm, din ra sut qu trnh pht trin
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
5
NguynVnV
Hot ng kim chng phn mm
Thm nh v xc minh thc hin mi giai on pht trin,vi
sn phm khc nhau, do i tng khc nhau thc hin
cc
yu
cu
phn
mm
c
t
Yu
cu
phn
mm
v
cc
c
trng
cht
lung
Xc minh
Thm nh
c t cha tt
c t tt
cha c t
Thm nh
thit
k
phn
mm
Xc minh
Xc minh
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
6
NguynVnV
Cc hot ng xc minh
C s cho hot ng xc minh
Bn c t yu cu
Cc bn thit k
M ngun
Hot ng xc minh
R sot (thanh tra, xt duyt, kim ton)
Kim th (n v, tch hp, h thng)
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
7
NguynVnV
Cc hot ng thm nh
C s cho hot ng xc minh
Bn c t yu cu
M ngun
Hot ng xc minh
R sot (thanh tra, xt duyt)
Kim ton
Kim th thm nh(chp nhn)
Hai hot ng chnh ca thm nh v xc
minh l: r sot v kim th.
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
8
NguynVnV
Thm nh/xc minh tnh
r sot, xt duyt cc ti liu phn mm: k
hoch, yu cu, thit k, m ngun
pht hin mt s loi li nht nh
kh nh gi tnh hiu qu ca sn phm
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
9
NguynVnV
Thm nh/xc minh ng
thc hin trn c s cho vn hnh sn phm
phn mm:
Lm mu yu cu
Vn hnh chng trnh (kim th)
M phng h thng
ngi pht trin/ngi dng trc tip kim tra
nh gi
pht hin mi li v khim khuyt phn mm,
hiu qu cao
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
10
NguynVnV
R sot phn mm
R sot l xem xt, nh gi sn phm c tin
hnh mi giai on pht hin ra nhng khim
khuyt cn sa trc khi sang giai on sau
Mc tiu:
Ch ra cc khim khuyt cn phi ci thin.
Khng nh nhng sn phm t yu cu.
Kim sot vic t cht lng k thut ti thiu
ca sn phm (c din mo khng i, n nh)
p dng ti cc thi im khc nhau trong qu trnh
pht trin phn mm.
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
11
NguynVnV
Cc hnh thc r sot
Cc kiu r sot:
Thanh tra
Hp xt duyt khng chnh thc,
Hp chnh thc vi cc thnh vin: khch hng, nh
qun l, nhn vin k thut. (r sot k thut chnh
thc formal technical review: FTR)
FTR ch yu do cc k s phn mm thc hin (l mt
phng tin hiu qu ci thin cht lng)
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
12
NguynVnV
R sot k thut chnh thc
(formal technical review - FTR)
R sot k thut chnh thc l hot ng bo m
cht lng phn mm do nhng ngi ang tham
gia pht trin thc hin.
Mc tiu c th l:
Pht hin cc li trong chc nng, logic (chng
trnh) v trin khai (implementation).
Kim th s ph hp ca phn mm vi yu cu
Khng nh phn t yu cu
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
13
NguynVnV
Mc tiu r sot k thut chnh thc
Mc tiu c th (t):
Bo m FM ph hp vi cc chun nh
m bo FM c pht trin theo mt cch thc
nht qun (uniform manner)
Lm cho d n d qun l hn
Ngoi ra, lm c s hun luyn cc k s tr v c
ch ngay c cho nhng k s c kinh nghim
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
14
NguynVnV
Tin trnh hot ng r sot
C nhn bo
co sn phm
cn r sot
Xem xt,
yu cu
r sot
sao chp,
phn cng
r sot
r sot,
lp bo co
lp chng
trnh hp
r sot
hp r sot,
lp bo co
Hi ng r sot
Ngi thc hin
Ngi qun l
Ngi pht trin
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
15
NguynVnV
Cuc hp r sot
Thnh phn: lnh o r sot, cc c nhn r sot v
ngi to ra sn phm c r sot (+ khch).
Kt lun a ra 1 trong 3 quyt nh sau:
Chp nhn sn phm khng cn chnh sa
Khc t sn phm v nhng li nghim trng
Chp nhn cho chnh sa sn phm, sau khi chnh sa
phi r sot li
Mi thnh vin tham gia cuc hp phi k vo quyt nh
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
16
NguynVnV
Sn phm r sot
Sn phm cuc hp r sot:
1 Bo co cc vn ny sinh do c nhn r
sot nu ra
1 danh sch cc vn cn gii quyt
1 bn tng kt cuc hp
Bn tng kt hp r sot phi ch r:
r sot ci g
Ai r sot
Tm thy ci g v Kt lun ra sao
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
17
NguynVnV
Sn phm r sot (t)
Danh sch cc vn tn ti phc v:
Nhn ra cc vng c vn trong sn phm
c r sot
Dng nh 1 danh sch cc khon mc ch
cho cc ngi lm ra sn phm cn chnh sa
Thit lp th tc bo m rng cc khon
mc trong danh sch s c chnh sa thc
s
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
18
NguynVnV
Tin hnh r sot
Mi sn phm c tao ra mi bc u c r
sot (khng ch sn phm cui cng)
Tin trnh pht trin chung nht gm 4 -5 giai on:
K ngh h thng (KH trin khai)
Phn tch, xc nh yu cu phn mm (c t yu cu)
Thit k phn mm (thit k)
Lp m (m ngun)
Kim th phn mm (k hoch kim th)
Bao tr (k hoch bo tr)
R sot bm st theo sn phm ca cc giai on ny
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
19
NguynVnV
Cc danh mc sn phm cn r sot
Danh mc r sot k ngh h thng
Danh mc r sot lp k hoch d n
Danh mc r sot phn tch yu cu phn mm
Danh mc r sot thit k phn mm
Danh mc r sot khu lp m
Danh mc r sot kim th phn mm
Danh mc r sot bo tr phn mm
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
20
NguynVnV
Kim th phn mm software testing
-
Kim th l t chc vn hnh phn mm 1 cch
c k hoch v phng php tm ra li
Cn vn hnh nh th no :
hiu sut tm ra li l cao nht ?
ch ph (thi gian, cng sc) t nht?
Ni dung hot ng kim th bao gm:
K hoch kim th
phng php kim th,
chin lc kim th v
k thut s dng
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
21
NguynVnV
M hnh ch V - Cc mc kim th
Phn tch
yu cu
c t
phn mm
Thit k
kin trc
Thit k
chi tit
Lp
trnh
r sot
m
test n
v
test tch
hp
test h
thng
test chp
nhn
Xc
minh
Thm
nh
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
22
NguynVnV
Cc loi kim th
-
Tng ng vi m hnh ch V c cc loi kim th:
Kim th n v (unit testing)
Kim th tch hp (integration testing)
Kim th h thng (system testing)
Kim th phc hi (recovery testing)
Kim th p lc (stress testing)
Kim th thi hnh (performance testing)
Kim th an ninh (security testing)
Kim th thm nh/chp nhn (aceptance
testing: alpha testing, beta testing)
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
23
NguynVnV
K hoch kim th
-
K hoch kim th tng th:
1. Gii thiu chung
M t h thng cn kim th
Cc mc tiu kim th
Phng php s dng
Ti liu h tr
2. K hoch
Thi gian, a im
Ti liu kim th: cc ca kim th, tin trnh, lch trnh
iu kin
3. Cc yu cu: phn cng, phn mm, nhn s
4. Kim sot qu trnh kim th
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
24
NguynVnV
Hai phng php ph bin:
Kim th hp trng (white box)
Kim th hp en (black box)
Cc chin lc Kim th
ng dng cho cc mc & loi kim th khc nhau.
Mt s chin lc:
Chin lc nhnh & ton t quan h: BRO(n v)
Kim th t trn xung/di ln/lai (tch hp)
Kim th v n ln (big bang tch hp)
Kim th hi quy (tch hp)
Kim th lun si (h thi gian thc)
Phng php v chin lc kim th
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
25
NguynVnV
S dng thng tin ca tin trnh kim th
Biu dng thng tin kim th
kim th
xy dng
M hnh
tin cy
nh gi
g li
Phn mm
chnh sa
c t
phn mm
Cu hnh
kim th
D on
tin cy
Phn mm
tin cy
Phn
mm
cha
tin
cy
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
26
NguynVnV
Tin trnh thc hin ca kim th
Thit k
Ca kim th
Chun b
d liu,k
Tin hnh
kim th
So snh,
nh gi
Yu cu,
m ngun
Bo co
kim th
Lp k k
hoch KT
Kt qu
kim th
Cc ca
kim th
K hoch
kim th
D liu
kim th
Nht k
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
27
NguynVnV
Mc tiu thit k ca kim th nhm:
tm ra nhiu sai nht
vi n lc & thi gian nh nht.
Cc phng php tt phi cho mt c ch:
bo m tnh y (khng st phn no) v
cung cp kh nng tht s pht hin c cc sai
Ca kim th hiu qu l ca kim th pht hin ra t
nht 1 li
Khi nim v thit k ca kim th
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
28
NguynVnV
Kim th hp trng
Khi nim kim th hp trng
i tng: m ngun
Mc: cc m un n v
Ni dung l khm xt:
cc chi tit th tc (thut ton)
con ng logic (lung iu khin)
cc trng thi ca chng trnh (d liu).
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
29
NguynVnV
Yu cu t ra:
Mi con ng c lp trong mt mun cn
c thc hin t nht mt ln.
Mi rng buc logic c thc hin c hai
pha ng (true) & pha sai (false).
Tt c cc vng lp bin ca n & c cc
bin vn hnh phi c thc hin.
Mi cu trc d liu ni ti c dng bo
m hiu lc thi hnh ca n
Yu cu kim th hp trng
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
30
NguynVnV
1. th dng (Tom McCabe a ra u tin).
2. Ma trn kim th (s ng i, trng s).
3. iu kin lgic chin lc min v BRO
4. iu khin theo dng d liu
5. Cc cu trc chu trnh gi tr c trng
Cc k thut s dng
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
31
NguynVnV
xt biu iu
khin ca mt
chng trnh
V d: cu trc iu khin 1 chng trnh
8
11
1
2
6
3
9
7
5
4
10
r nhnh
lnh
4 ng i c lp:
1-11
1-2-3-4-5-10
1-2-3-6-7-9-10
1-2-3-6-8-9-10
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
32
NguynVnV
lung iu khin
th dng ca chng trnh
1
10 9
8 7
6
11
4,5
2,3
th dng
8
11
1
2
6
3
9
7
5
4
10
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
33
NguynVnV
mi lnh u c kim th t nht mt ln, cn tm
c tt c cc ng iu khin c lp trong chng
trnh (khc vi cc ng khc t nht mt lnh).
S cc ng c lp ca 1 chng trnh l gii hn trn
s cc kim th cn phi thc hin. N c gi l phc
tp chu trnh ca chng trnh
Cc ng c lp ca 1 chng trnh trng vi cc
ng c lp ca th dng (tim n gin hn).
phc tp ca chu trnh
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
34
NguynVnV
th dng trn gm: 9 nt, trong :5 nt l
v t, 11 cung, Chia mt phng thnh 4 min
phc tp chu trnh V(G) ca th G c
tnh theo cc cch sau:
V(G) = E - N + 2 = 11-9+2 = 4
V(G) = s min phng = 4
V(G) = P 1 = 5-1 = 4
Trong : E = s cung; N = s nt; P = s nt v t
Tnh phc tp chu trnh t th dng
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
35
NguynVnV
Xc nh cc ca kim th
Tnh phc
Tp chu trnh
Xc nh tp
ng c bn
Chun b cc
ca kim th
Yu cu,
m ngun
V
th dng
Cc ca kim th
v ni dung
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
36
NguynVnV
V d ma trn kim th
1
10 9
8 7
6
11
4,5
2,3
1 23 45 6 7 8 9 10 11
1
1 1
23
1 1
45
1
6
1 1
7
1
8
1
9
1
10
1
11
=A
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
37
NguynVnV
V d ma trn kim th (t)
1 23 45 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 1 1
23 1 1
45 1
6 2
7 1
8 1
9
10
11 1 1
A
2
=
s trong ma trn
cho bit s con
ng c hai cnh
i qua cung
Ma trn ny gip
la chn ng
lp ca kim th
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
38
NguynVnV
Trong chng trnh, mi r nhnh xc nh bng biu
thc logic. iu kin lgic c th l:
iu kin n l 1 bin Bool (c th c ton t ph nh): X
iu kin n l biu thc quan h gia 2 biu thc s hc
C = (A B) , vi l php so snh: <, , =, >, hay
A, B l biu thc s hc
iu kin phc hp cu thnh t hn 1 iu kin n nh
cc ton t Bool: hoc (), v (), ph nh ()
D = X
1
& X
2
& X
n
, trong X
i
l iu kin n, & l ton
t bool
iu kin logic v cc chin lc
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
39
NguynVnV
Kim th tng iu kin logic trong chng trnh.
Kim th khng ch pht hin sai trong iu kin m cn l
pht hin sai khc ca chng trnh lin quan.
Nguyn tc kim th nhnh: vi mi iu kin phc
hp C, th mi nhnh true v false ca C, mi iu kin
n trong C phi c kim th t nht mt ln.
Chin lc kim th min cn 3 hoc 4 kim th cho
mt biu thc quan h gm cc trng hp: <, >, = v c
th na.
Chin lc BRO l kt hp 2 chin lc trn
Lm sao ch ra tt c cc trng hp cn kim th?
Chin lc phn nhnh, min v BRO
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
40
NguynVnV
Xt iu kin C l hi bin Bool v biu thc quan h:
C= A (B = E)
Khi cc rng buc ca C l cc cp (t,t), (t,f) & (f,t);
vi (B = E) c gi tr t tng ng vi =, v gi tr f
tng ng vi < hoc >; Bi vy tp cc u vo
kim tra C phi gm 4 phn t:
(t,=), (t,<), (t,>) v (f,=).
u vo ph cc rng buc C ny bo m pht hin
c mi sai bin Bool hoc ton t quan h trong C.
V du: Chin lc BRO to rng buc2
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
41
NguynVnV
i tng kim th xem nh hp en, thng qua
giao din a d liu vo v nhn thng tin ra
L kim th yu cu chc nng
i tng: m un, h con, ton h thng
c trng:
Thuyt minh: cc chc nng & vn hnh ng
Thc hin: qua giao din
C s: c t, iu kin vo/ra v cu trc d liu
t ch ti cu trc logic ni ti ca n
Kim th hp en khi nim
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
42
NguynVnV
Phn
mm
Kt qu
ra
c t
h
thng
phn
mm
1.
2.

n
Giao
din
Chc
nng
d
liu
D
liu
u
vo
?
?
?
?
Khi u kt thc
u ra lin quan
M hnh khi nim kim th hp en
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
43
NguynVnV
Tm cc loi sai lin quan:
Chc nng: , ng n
Giao din: vo, ra: , ph hp, ng, tin li
Cu trc, truy cp d liu: thng sut, ng n
Thc thi: tri chy, kp thi, chu li, phc hi c
Khi u - kt thc: mi tin trnh bnh thng
Mc ch kim th hp en
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
44
NguynVnV
1. Phn hoch tng ng
Chia tp d liu thnh tng lp tng ng
Mi lp hoc l ng hay sai, ch cn kim tra 1 s
gi tr c trng ca n rt c s ca kim th
2. Phn tch gi tr bin
Cc sai thng gi tr bin
La chn cc gi tr bin ca lp phn hoch
kim th
3. th nhn qu
Lp cc th nhn qu lm c s xy dng
ca kim th
Cc k thut kim th hp en
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
45
NguynVnV
M hnh phn hoch & phn tch gi tr bin
.....
x
xx
x
xx
xx
x
xx
x
.....
Chn
Lp
tng
ng
Min rng Nhiu gi tr
Min gii hn Mt s gi tr
Chn
Ca
kim
th
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
b
a min
max
x
x
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
46
NguynVnV
L mt k thut thit k ca kim th
Cung cp mt biu din chnh xc gia cc iu
kin logic (u vo) v cc hnh ng tng
ng (u ra- kt qu).
c xy dng da trn cc m un chc
nng, lgc tin trnh v c t h thng
K thut gm 4 bc
K thut th nhn qu
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
47
NguynVnV
Tin trnh k thut nhn qu
Lp DS nguyn
nhn-kt qu
theo mun
Pht trin
th
nhn-qu
Chuyn
thi bng
quyt nh
Xy dng cc
ca kim th theo
lut ca bng
c t h
thng phn mm
Cc m un
chc nng
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
48
NguynVnV
V d: k thut th nhn qu
Modul Nguyn nhn Kt qu nh danh
A S > a ng A1
S a nghi ng A2
S = a nghi ng A3
S < a sai A4
B S nguyn ng B1
Danh sch nhn qu theo modul
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
49
NguynVnV
V d: bng quyt nh th nhn qu
nh danh iu kin ng nghi ng sai
A1 S > a X
B1 S nguyn X
A2,A3 S a X
A4 S < a X
.. .. ..
Mun A1
Mun B
Ca 1: A1 & B
s >a
ng
Ca 2: A2,A3,A4 & B1
Mun A2
Mun A3
Mun A4
Mun B
?
s a
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
50
NguynVnV
i tng: cc m un n v chng trnh
Ni dung kim th:
giao din: d liu qua giao din, d liu vo ra
cu trc d liu s dng cc b
ng iu khin
iu kin lgic
php ton x l
Phng php s d dng: Phng php hp trng
K thut: cc k thut phng php hp trng v b
li, cung
Kim th n v
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
51
NguynVnV
Kim th tch hp (integration testing) nhm nhn
c 1 b phn chc nng hay 1 h con tt.
Mt k thut c tnh h thng xy dng cu trc
chng trnh: t cc mun kim, xy dng cu
trc chng trnh m bo tun theo thit k.
C hai cch tch hp
Tch hp dn: t trn xung, di ln, kp
Tch hp ng thi 1 lc: big bang
Phng php: phng php hp en
K thut: b li, cung
Kim th tch hp khi nim
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
52
NguynVnV
Cc sai c th gp khi tch hp :
D liu b mt khi i qua mt giao din.
Hiu ng bt li 1 mun v tnh gy ra i cc
mun khc.
S kt hp cc chc nng ph c th khng
sinh ra chc nng chnh mong mun.
S phng i cc sai st ring r c th b n
mc khng chp nhn c.
Vn ca cu trc d liu ton cc c th
l ra .
Cc sai gp khi tch hp m un
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
53
NguynVnV
S - tch hp trn xung
A
B C D
E F
I K
H
G
A
B
A
B
Cung (C,D)
Cung(E,F)
Cung(E,F)
Cung (D,I,K)
Cung C
Kim th A
Kt hp theo
chiu rng
Kt hp theo
chiu su
H cn kim th
Cha xong
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
54
NguynVnV
S - tch hp di ln
B li
B li
B li
Vng 1 Vng 2
Vng 3
Cm
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
55
NguynVnV
Chin lc Big bang
dng cho chng trnh nh
phc tp, khng hiu qu
Chin lc trn-xung
nhc im: cn cc cung
nhng kh khn km theo cung.
c ngay chc nng iu khin h thng.
Chin lc di ln:
lun cha c chng trnh chnh th
thit k ca kim th d v khng cn cung.
Nhn xt phng php tch hp
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
56
NguynVnV
Khi nim kim th h thng
H thng da trn my tnh (phn cng & phn mm)
do nhiu bn xy dng, ngi pht trin phn mm ch
l mt. Chng cn c kim tra tng th
Nhng sai cn kim tra:
Cc d liu qua giao din ca cc thnh phn c
kim th
ng x l lin kt cc thnh phn
S tch hp li t cc thnh phn khc nhau
Nhng hn ch khc n nng lc do nh hng t
cc thnh phn: chu li, an ton, thc thi
Kim th h thng
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
57
NguynVnV
Cc loi kim th h thng
1. Kim th chc nng (mc h thng)
bao gm cc chc nng giao din, cc chc nng
mc ngi dng hay u ra cui cng khi h thng
2. Kim th phc hi (chu li)
kim th phc hi l bt phn mm phi tht bi
xem kh nng phc hi ca n n u. C 2
mc phc hi: ph hi t ng hay cn n s
cn thip ca con ngi
tin cy l mt o nh gi kh nng phc
hi
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
58
NguynVnV
Cc loi kim th h thng
3. Kim th an ninh (sc chu tn cng)
kim tra mi c ch bo v c xy dng xem c t
hiu qu ra trc cc t nhp hay khng?
ngi kim th ng vai tr ca k t nhp thc hin
mi t nhp c th nh gi.
4. Kim th thi hnh (thng sut, kp thi)
kim th thi hnh c thit k kim tra s vn hnh
ca phn mm khi h thng c tch hp.
Vic thi hnh ng bao gm c s lng, cht lng (hot
ng v hiu nng)
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
59
NguynVnV
Cc loi kim th h thng
5. Kim th chu ti (qui m, gi tr nhy cm)
l vn hnh h thng khi s dng ngun lc vi s
lng, tn sut v cng d thng.
V d: vn hnh 1 c s d liu vi s bn ghi cc ln,
vn hnh h iu hnh mng vi s my nhiu dn.
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
60
NguynVnV
Mc tiu: xem phn mm c p ng c yu cu
khch hng/ngi dng khng?
Thc hin thng qua 1 lot cc kim th hp en
K hoch & th tc c thit k bo m rng:
Tt c cc yu cu c tho mn,
Cc yu cu thi hnh chnh xc,
Ti liu ng n v
Cc yu cu khc l tho ng.
C hai loi: kim th Alpha v kim th Beta
Kim th chp nhn- thm nh
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
61
NguynVnV
Kim th alpha do pht trin tin hnh:
Phn mm c ngi dng thc hin trong bi cnh
t nhin, trong mt mi trng c iu khin
Ngi pht trin nhm qua vai ngi s dng bo
co cc sai v cc vn s dng (v th cn gi l
kim th sau lng). D liu thng l d liu m phng
Kim th Beta do khch hng tin hnh
Tin hnh trong mi trng thc
Khch hng bo co tt c cc vn h gp trong qu
trnh kim th cho ngi pht trin 1 cch nh k.
Kim th Alpha v kim th Beta
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
62
NguynVnV
Cu hi cng c
1. nh ngha thm nh v xc minh?
2. S khc nhau gia thm nh,xc minh tnh v ng?
3. Cc hot ng chnh ca thm nh v xc minh l g?
4. R sot l g? C nhng loi r sot no?
5. Mc tiu, i tng ca r sot k thut chnh thc
6. Tin trnh r sot k thut chnh thc?
7. Thnh phn, ni dung, kt qu hp r sot chnh thc?
8. Nu danh mc cc sn phm cn r sot?
9. Kim th phn mm l g? Ni dung ca hot ng kim th
gm nhng g?
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
63
NguynVnV
Cu hi cng c
10. Trnh by cng ni dung k hoch kim th?
11. V s dng thng tin kim th?
12. V s tin trnh thc hin mt ca kim th
13. C nhng loi kim th no? i tng ca n l g?
14. C nhng phng php v chin lc kim th no?
15. Trnh by tm tt mi phng php kim th: i tng, nhng
sai cn kim tra, cc chin lc v k thut s dng?
16. Trnh by cc loi hnh kim th: nh ngha, mc tiu, cc sai
cn kim tra, chin lc v k thut s dng, cch thc tin
hnh?
B mn Cng ngh phn mm HCN
64
NguynVnV
Cu hi v tho lun