Chapter 10.

Uniform Circular Motion

Physics, 6th Edition

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion

Centripetal Acceleration
10-1. A ball is attached to the end of a 1. m strin! and it s"in!s in a circle "ith a constant speed of # m$s. %hat is the centripetal acceleration& v ' (# m$s) ' ac = = R 1. m ac = *'.+ m$s'

10-'. %hat are the period and fre,uency of rotation for the ball in Problem 10-1& v = ' fR. v= ' R . T /0 ' - ' (1. m) = . v # m$s f = 0.#*1 re2$s / 0 1.1# s

f =

1 1 = ; T 1.1# s

10-3. A dri2e pulley 6-cm in diameter is set to rotate at 1 re2$s. %hat is the centripetal acceleration of a point on the ed!e of the pulley& %hat "ould be the linear speed of a belt around the pulley& 4 R = (0.06 m$') 0 0.03 m 5 ac = * ' f ' R = * ' (1 re2$s) ' (0.03 m) . v = ' fR = ' (1 re2$s)(0.03 m) . ac = 1 .1 m$s' v = 1.+0 m$s

10-*. An ob6ect re2ol2es in a circle of diameter 3 m at a fre,uency of 6 re2$s. %hat is the period of re2olution, the linear speed, and the centripetal acceleration& 4 R = (3 m$') 0 1. m 5 T= 1 1 = . f 6 re2$s / 0 0.16+ s .

v = ' fR = ' (6 re2$s)(1. m) . v = 6. m$s ac = v ' ( 6. m$s) ' = . R (1. m) ac = '130 m$s'

1'1

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion

Physics, 6th Edition

10- . A car mo2es around a cur2e 0 m in radius and under!oes a centripetal acceleration of ' m$s'. %hat is its constant speed& v' a= . R v = aR = (' m$s) ' ( 0 m) . v 0 10.0 m$s

10-6. A 1 00-7! car mo2es at a constant speed of '' m$s alon! a circular trac7. /he centripetal acceleration is 6 m$s'. %hat is the radius of the trac7 and the centripetal force on the car& v' v ' ('' m$s) ' . a= . R= = R a 6 m$s ' F= mv ' (1 00 7!)('' m$s) ' = . R (#0.+ m) R = #0.+ m

8c 0 1000 9

10-+. An airplane di2es alon! a cur2ed path of radius - and 2elocity 2. /he centripetal acceleration is '0 m$s'. :f both the 2elocity and the radius are doubled, "hat "ill be the ne" acceleration& v' a1 = . R ('v ) ' *v ' a' = = . 'R 'R 'v ' . a' = R

a2 = 2a1 = '('0 m$s'.

a = *0 m$s'

Centripetal Force
10-#. A '0-7! child ridin! a loop-the-loop at the 8air mo2es at 16 m$s throu!h a trac7 of radius 16 m. %hat is the resultant force on the child& F= mv ' ('0 7!)(16 m$s) ' . = R 16 m Fc = 3'0 9

1''

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion

Physics, 6th Edition

10-1. A 3-7! roc7, attached to a '-m cord, s"in!s in a hori;ontal circle so that it ma7es one re2olution in 0.3 s. %hat is the centripetal force on the roc7& :s there an out"ard force on the roc7& 1 Fc = * f mR = * (3 7!)(' m) . 0.3 s
' ' ' '

Fc = '630 9, 9o

10-10. An #-lb ob6ect s"in!s in hori;ontal circle "ith a speed of 1 ft$s. %hat is the radius of the path, if the centripetal force is '000 lb& m= # lb = 0.' slu!. 3' ft$s ' Fc = mv ' R

R=

mv ' (0.' slu!)(1 ft$s) ' = . Fc '000 lb

R = 1.13 ft

<10-11. /"o #-7! masses are attached to the end of a tin rod *00 mm lon!. /he rod is supported in the middle and "hirled in a circle. /he rod can support a ma=imum tension of only #00 9. %hat is the ma=imum fre,uency of re2olution& 4 R 0 (*00 mm$') 0 '00 mm 5 Fc = mv ' . v= R Fc R (#00 9)(0.'0 m) = . m # 7! v *.*+ m$s = . ' R ' (0.'0 m) v = *.*+ m$s

v = ' fR. f =

f = 3. 6 re2$s

*10-1'. A 00-! damp shirt rotates a!ainst the "all of a "asher at 300 rpm. /he diameter of the rotatin! drum is +0 cm. %hat is the ma!nitude and direction of the resultant force on the shirt& 4 R 0 (+0 cm$') 0 3 cm. f = 300 rpm(60 s$min) 0 1#00 re2$s 5 Fc = * ' f ' mR = * ' (1#00 re2$s) ' (0. 7!)(0.3 m) ; Fc = '.'* = 10+ 9, toward the center

1'3

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion

Physics, 6th Edition

<10-13. A +0-7! runner rounds a trac7 of radius ' m at a speed of #.# m$s. %hat is the central force causin! the runner to turn and "hat e=erts the force& mv ' (+0 7!)(#.# m$s) ' . Fc = = R ' m Fc = '1+ 9, friction

*10-1*. :n >lympic bobsled competition, a team ta7es a turn of radius '* ft at a speed of 60 mi$h. %hat is the acceleration& ?o" many gs do passen!ers e=perience& v ' (## ft$s) ' ; ac = = R '* ft ac = 3'3 ft$s' or 10.1 gs (60 mi$h 0 ## ft$s)

Flat Curves and Banked Curves

10-1 . >n a rainy day the coefficient of static friction bet"een tires and the road"ay is only 0.*. %hat is the ma=imum speed at "hich a car can ne!otiate a turn of radius #0 m& mv ' = s mg . R vc = s gR = (0.*)(1.# m$s ' )(#0 m) . 63.# 7m$h

vc = 1+.+ m$s or

10-16. A bus ne!otiates a turn of radius *00 ft "hile tra2elin! at a speed of 60 mi$h. :f slippin! 6ust be!ins at this speed, "hat is the coefficient of static friction bet"een the tires and the road& (60 mi$h 0 ## ft$s) mv ' = s mg . R

s =

v' (## ft$s) ' = . gR (3' ft$s ' )(*00 ft)

s 0 0.60

10-1+. 8ind the coefficient of static friction necessary to sustain motion at '0 m$s around a turn of radius #* m. mv ' = s mg . R

s =

v' ('0 m$s) ' = . gR (1.# m$s ' )(#* m) 1'*

s 0 0.*#6

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion

Physics, 6th Edition

<10-1#. A '0-7! child sits 3 m from the center of a rotatin! platform. :f s 0 0.*, "hat is the ma=imum number of re2olutions per minute that can be achie2ed "ithout slippin!& (Slipping occurs when the centripetal force equals the maximum force of static friction ! Fc = * ' f ' mR = s mg . f =

s g (0.*)(1.# m$s ' ) = . * ' R * ' (3 m)

f 0 10.1 rpm

f = 0.1#' re2$s (60 s$min).

<10-11. A platform rotates freely at 100 rpm. :f the coefficient of static friction is 0. , ho" far from the center of the platform can a bolt be placed to "ithout slippin!& f 0 100 re2$min (1 min$60 s) 0 1.6+ re2$s. s 0 0. . R = " Fc = * ' f ' mR = s mg . R=

s g (0. )(1.# m$s ' ) = . * ' f ' * ' (1.6+ re2$s) '

R 0 '1.1 cm

10-'0. 8ind the re,uired ban7in! an!le to ne!otiate the cur2e of Prob.10-1 "ithout slippin!. tan = v' (1+.+ m$s) ' = . gR (1.# m$s ' )(#0 m) 0 '1.#0

10-'1. 8ind the re,uired ban7in! an!le for Problem 10-16 to pre2ent slippin!& tan = v' (## ft$s) ' = . gR (3' ft$s ' )(*00 ft) 0 31.'0

10-''. /he optimum ban7in! an!le for a cur2e of radius '0 m is found to be '#0. 8or "hat speed "as this an!le desi!ned& tan = v' . gR v = gR tan = (1.# m$s ' )('0 m) tan '#0 . v = 10.3 m$s

1'

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion

Physics, 6th Edition

<10-'3. A cur2e in a road 1 m "ide has a radius of 16 m. ?o" much hi!her than the inside ed!e should the outside ed!e be for an automobile to tra2el at the optimum speed of *0 7m$h& v = *0 7m$h 0 11.1 m$s. v' (11.1 m$s) ' = ; gR (1.# m$s ' )(16 m) h 0 (1 m) sin . v' tan = gR h 0 1.1+ m

tan =

0 +.*#0. h 0 (1 m) sin +.*#0.

he Conical !endulum
10-'*. A conical pendulum s"in!s in a hori;ontal circle of radius 30 cm. %hat an!le does the supportin! cord ma7e "ith the 2ertical "hen the liner speed of the mass is 1' m$s& tan = v' (1' m$s) ' = . gR (1.# m$s ' )(0.30 m) 0 ##.#0

10-' . %hat is the linear speed of the fly"ei!hts in 8i!. 10-16 if @ 0 '0 cm and 0 600& %hat is the fre,uency of re2olution& @ 0 '0 cm 0 0.'0 m. - 0 @ sin 0 (0.' m) sin 600. - 0 0.1+3 m tan = v' . v = gR tan = (1.# m$s ' )(0.1+3 m)( tan 600 ) . gR v = ' fR. f = v 1.+1 m$s = . ' R ' (0.1+3 m) @

v 0 1.+1 m$s

f = 1. # re2$s

10-'6. :f the len!th of the @ in 8i!. 10-16 is 60 cm. %hat 2elocity is re,uired to cause the fly"ei!hts to mo2e to an an!le of 300 "ith the 2ertical& R 0 # sin 0 (60 cm) sin 300. tan = v' . gR R 0 30 cm 0 0.30 m v = 1.30 m$s

v = gR tan = (1.# m$s ' )(0.30 m) tan 300 .

1'6

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion

Physics, 6th Edition

10-'+. Each of the fly"ei!hts in 8i!. 10-16 has a mass of ' 7!. /he len!th @ 0 *0 cm and the shaft rotates at #0 rpm. %hat is the tension in each arm& %hat is the an!le & %hat is the hei!ht h& #0 rpm 0 1.33 re2$s. T sin 0 Fc = mv $R
2

/ cos

/ sin mg

@ -

sin =

R R = . # 0.* m

R ' ' T = * f mR 0.* m T 0 6.1 9

T 0 (0.* m)(* ')(1.33 re2$s)'(' 7!). T cos 0 mg; cos =

mg (' 7!)(1.# m$s ' ) ; = T 6.1 9

= 61.60
h = 1*.0 cm

h 0 @ cos 0 (0.* m) cos 61.60 .

h 0 0.1* m or

10-'#. :n 8i!. 10-16, assume that @ 0 6 in., each fly"ei!ht is 1. lb, and the shaft is rotatin! at 100 rpm. %hat is the tension in each arm& %hat is the an!le & %hat is the distance h& 100 rpm 0 1.6+ re2$s. T sin 0 Fc = mv2$R
/ cos

m=

1. lb = 0.0*61 slu! . 3' ft$s R R = . # 0. ft

@ 0 6 in. 0 0. 0 ft

/ sin mg

@ -

sin =

R ' ' T = * f mR 0. ft T 0 '.+ lb

T 0 (0. ft)(* ')(1.6+ re2$s)'(0.0*61 slu!). T cos 0 mg; cos =

mg (0.0*61 slu!)(3' ft$s ' ) ; = T '. + lb

= *.30

h 0 @ cos 0 (0. ft) cos *.30 .

h 0 0.'1' ft

1'+

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion

Physics, 6th Edition

10-'1. Consider the rotatin! s"in!s in 8i!. 10-1+. /he len!th @ 0 10 m and the distance a 0 3 m. %hat must be the linear 2elocity of the seat if the rope is to ma7e an an!le of 300 "ith the 2ertical& 4 # = 10 m. a = 3 m,
0

0 300 5 # %

% = # sin 0 (10 m) sin 30 0 m. R = a & % = + m. v' tan = . gR v = gR tan v = 6.+3 m$s

R=a&%

v = (1.# m$s ' )(+ m) tan 300

10-30. %hat must be the fre,uency of re2olution for the s"in! in Problem 10-1+ if the an!le is to be e,ual to ' 0& % 0 # sin '#0 0 (10 m) sin '#0. % 0 *.61 m. R = a & % = +.61 m tan = v' . gR v = gR tan ; v = (1.# m$s ' )(+.61 m) tan '#0 ; v = 6.33 m$s

v = ' fR.

f =

v 6.33 m$s = . ' R ' (+.61 m)

f = 0.131 re2$s or +.#6 rpm

Motion in a "ertical Circle

10-31. A roc7 rests on the bottom of a buc7et mo2in! in a 2ertical circle of radius +0 cm. %hat is the least speed the buc7et must ha2e as it rounds the top of the circle if it is to remain in the buc7et& 4 Resultant force to center = mv2$R ' mv ' . (ritical speed vc is when T = ) T + mg = R vc = gR = (1.# m$s ' )(0.+ m) ; vc = 6.#6 m$s
0 T mg

1'#

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion

Physics, 6th Edition

10-3'. A 1.'-7! roc7 is tied to the end of a 10-cm len!th of strin!. /he roc7 is then "hirled in a 2ertical circle at a constant speed. %hat is the critical 2elocity at the top of the path if the strin! is not to become slac7&
0

v
T mg

T + mg =

mv ' . (ritical speed vc is when T = ) R vc = '.1+ m$s

vc = gR = (1.# m$s ' )(0.+ m) ;

<10-33. Assume that the roc7 of Problem 10-3' mo2es in a 2ertical circle at a constant speed of # m$s& %hat are the tensions in the rope at the top and bottom of the circle. *t Top+ T + mg = mv ' and R T= mv ' mg R T = +3.6 9

v
T mg

(1.' 7!)(# m$s) ' T= (1.' 7!)(1.# m$s ' ) . (0.1 m) *t ,ottom+ T mg = mv ' and R T=

mv ' + mg R T = 1+.1 9

v
mg

(1.' 7!)(# m$s) ' T= + (1.' 7!)(1.# m$s ' ) . (0.1 m)

<10-3*. A test pilot in 8i!. 10-1# !oes into a di2e at 6'0 ft$s and pulls out in a cur2e of radius '#00 ft. :f the pilot "ei!hs 160 lb, "hat acceleration "ill be e=perienced at the lo"est point& %hat is the force e=erted by the seat on the pilot& - = 160 lb. m 0160 lb$3' ft$s' 0 slu!s. v 0 6'0 ft$s. a= v ' (6'0 ft$s) ' = . R ('#00 ft) a = 13+ ft$s'

1'1

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion mv ' . R mv ' + mg R N 0 #*6 lb

Physics, 6th Edition

N mg =

N =

<10-3*. (Cont.)

N =

( slu!s)(6'0 ft$s) ' + 160 lb . ('#00 ft)

<10-3 . :f it is desired that the pilot in Problem 10-3* not e=perience an acceleration !reater than + times !ra2ity (+!), "hat is the ma=imum 2elocity for pullin! out of a di2e of radius 1 7m& a= v' = + g. R v = + gR = +(1.# m$s ' )(1000 m) . v 0 '6' m$s or 1*3 7m$h .ote+ The pilot actuall/ 0feels1 a force that is eight times -+ N 2 mg = m34g!; N = 5mg

<10-36. A 3-7! ball s"in!s in a 2ertical circle at the end of an #-m cord. %hen it reaches the top of its path, its 2elocity is 16 m$s. %hat is the tension in the cord& %hat is the critical speed at the top& 4 R = 5 m. m = 3 7!. v 0 16 m$s 5 mv ' *t Top+ T + mg = and R T= mv ' T= mg R T = 66.6 9 vc = #.# m$s

v
T mg

(3 7!)(16 m$s) ' (3 7!)(1.# m$s ' ) . (# m)

-hen T = )6 vc = gR = (1.# m$s ' )(# m) ;

<10-3+. A 36-7! !irl rides on the seat of a s"in! attached to t"o chains that are each '0 m lon!. :f she is released from a position # m belo" the top of the s"in!, "hat force does the s"in! e=ert on the !irl as she passes the lo"est point&

T 130 mg

#m h

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion cos = #m . '0 m

Physics, 6th Edition

= 66.*0 . h = '0 mA # m = 1' m

v = ' gh = '(1.# m$s ' )(1' m) ; v = 1 .3 m$s mv ' + mg R T = ++6 9

B mv ' = mgh. <10-3+. (Cont.)

*t ,ottom+ T mg =

mv ' and R

T=

(36 7!)(1 .3* m$s) ' T= + (36 7!)(1.# m$s ' ) . ('0 m)

#ravitation
10-3#. ?o" far apart should a '-ton "ei!ht be from a 3-ton "ei!ht if their mutual force of attraction is e,ual to 0.000* lb& ( C 0 3.** = 10-# lb ft'$slu!' ) m1 = (' ton)('000 lb$ton) (3 ton)('000 lb$ton) = 1' slu!s. m' = = 1#+. slu!s ' 3' ft$s 3' ft$s ' 7m1m' . R' R= 7m1m' (3.** = 10-# lb ft ' $slu! ' )(1' slu!)(1#+. slu!) = F 0.000* lb R = 1.*' ft 10-31. A *-7! mass is separated from a ' 7! mass by a distance of # cm. Compute the !ra2itational force of attraction bet"een the t"o masses. F= 7m1m' (6.6+ = 10-11 9 m ' $7! ' )(* 7!)(' 7!) . = R' 0.0# m F = #.3* = 10-# 9

F=

<10-*0. A 3-7! mass is located 10 cm a"ay from a 6-7! mass. %hat is the resultant !ra2itational force on a '-7! mass located at the midpoint of a line 6oinin! the first t"o masses& F3 = 7m3 m' (6.6+ = 10-11 9 m ' $7! ' )(3 7!)(' 7!) = R' (0.0 m) '

8 7!

0.0 m F8

' 7!

0.0 m F9

9 7!

131

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion 7m6 m' (6.6+ = 10-11 9 m ' $7! ' )(6 7!)(' 7!) = R' (0.0 m) ' 83 0 -1.6 = 10-+ 9, 86 0 3.'0 = 10-+ 9 8- 0 -1.6 = 10-+ 9 D 3.60 = 10-+ 9. 8- 0 1.60 = 10-+ 9

Physics, 6th Edition

F6 =

<10-*1. >n a distant planet, the acceleration due to !ra2ity is .00 m$s'. and the radius of the planet is rou!hly * 60 m. Use the la" of !ra2itation to estimate the mass of this planet. mg = 7mm p R' . gR ' ( .00 m$s ' )(* 60 m) ' mp = = . 7 6.6+ = 10-11 9 m ' $ 7! ' mp = 1. 6 = 10'* 7!

<10-*'. /he mass of the earth is about #1 times the mass of the moon. :f the radius of the earth is * times that of the moon, "hat is the acceleration due to !ra2ity on the moon& me = #1mm; Re = *Rm ; (onsider test mass m on moon and then on earth+ mg m = 7mmm 7m 7mme 7m and ! m 0 'm ; mg e = and ! e 0 ' e ' ' Rm Rm Re Re gm = 0.11+ . 1.# m$s ' gm = 1.1* m$s'

g m mm Re' mm (* Rm ) ' = = ' ' . g e me Rm #1mm Rm

<10-*3. At 60-7! mass and a '0-7! mass are separated by 10 m. At "hat point on a line 6oinin! these char!es "ill another mass e=perience ;ero resultant force& 4 8' 0 86 5 7m' m E 7m6 m E = ; (10 =) ' x' x' m = 6 ' (10 =) m' 60 7! = F9 x = 1.+3'(10 A =). m 10 - = '0 7! F2

x m6 60 7! = = = 1.+3' ; (10 =) m' '0 7!

x = 1+.3' A 1.+3' x

x = 6.3* m from the 60-7! mass

$epler%s &a's and (atellites

13'

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion

Physics, 6th Edition

10-**. %hat speed must a satellite ha2e if it is to mo2e in a circular orbit of #00 7m abo2e the surface of the earth& 4 The central force Fc must equal the gravitational force Fg.5 .ote that + R = Re & h = (6.3# = 106 m) D (0.# = 106 m) 0 +.1# = 106 m

10-**. (Cont.)

Fc = Fg ;

mv ' 7mme = . R R'

v=

7me . R v = +* 0 m$s

v=

(6.6+ = 10-11 9 m ' $ 7! ' )( .1# = 10 '* 7!) . +.1# = 106 m

10-* . /he mass of the Fupiter is 1.10 = 10'+ 7! and its radius is +.1 = 10+ m. %hat speed must a spacecraft ha2e to circle Fupiter at a hei!ht of 6.00 = 10+ m abo2e the surface of Fupiter& R = R: & h = +.1 = 10+ m D 6 = 10+ m. R = 1.31 = 10# m . 7me (6.6+ = 10-11 )(1.1 = 10'+ 7!) = R+h 1.31 = 10# m mv ' 7mme = . R R'

v=

v =31,*00 m$s

This represents a speed of approximatel/ 61,#00 mi$h. 10-*6. %hat is the orbital speed of a satellite that mo2es in an orbit 1'00 7m abo2e the earthGs surface& .ote that + R = Re & h = (6.3# = 106 m) D (1.' = 106 m) 0 +. # = 106 m Fc = Fg ; mv ' 7mme = . R R' v= 7me . R v = +' * m$s

v=

(6.6+ = 10-11 9 m ' $ 7! ' )( .1# = 10 '* 7!) . +. # = 106 m

10-*+. /he radius of the moon is 1.+* = 106 m and the acceleration due to its !ra2ity is 1.63 m$s'. Apply the la" of uni2ersal !ra2itation to find the mass of the moon.

133

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion 7mmm . ' Rm

' gRm (1.63 m$s ' )(1.+* = 106 m) ' = . 7 6.6+ = 10-11 9 m ' $7! '

Physics, 6th Edition

mg =

mm =

mm = +.*0 = 10'' 7!

<10-*#.A satellite is located at a distance of 100 7m abo2e the earthGs surface. %hat is the period of the satellites motion& 4 R = 6.3# = 106 m D 0.1 = 106 m 0 +.'# = 106 m 5 * ' 3 * ' (+.'# = 106 )3 T = . R = (6.6+ = 10-11 9 m ' $7! ' )( .1# = 10'* 7!) 7me
'

/ ' 0 3.#' = 10+ s '

T = 3.#' = 10+ s ' .

T = 61#0 s

3a%out an hour and ;8 minutes!

<10-*1. ?o" far abo2e the earthGs surface must a satellite be located if it is to circle the earth in a time of '# h& * ' T' = 7me / 0 '# h (3600 s$h) 0 1.01 = 10 s. T2 = 1.0' = 1010 s'

3 3 7meT ' (6.6+ = 10-11 9 m ' $7! ' )( .1# = 10'* 7!)(1.0' = 1010s ' ) = R . - = * ' * ' R = *.61 = 10+ m. h 0 - A -e 0 *.0 = 10+ m

R = 3 1.03 = 10'3m 3 .

Challen)e !ro*lems
10- 0. At "hat fre,uency should a 6-lb ball be re2ol2ed in a radius of 3 ft to produce a centripetal acceleration of 1' ft$s'& %hat is the tension in the cord& ac = * f R.
' '

ac (1' ft$s ' ) f = ' = ' . f = 0.1013 s -' . * R * (3 ft)

'

f 0 0.31# re2$s

6 lb T = mac = (1' ft$s ' ) . ' 3' ft$s

T = '.' lb

13*

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion

Physics, 6th Edition

10- 1. %hat centripetal acceleration is re,uired to mo2e a '.6 7! mass in a hori;ontal circle of radius 300 mm if its linear speed is 1 m$s& %hat is the centripetal force& v ' (1 m$s) ' ac = = . R (0.300 m) a 0 + 0 m$s' Fc = 11 0 9

Fc = mac = ('.6 7!)(+ 0 m$s').

10- '. %hat must be the speed of a satellite located 1000 mi abo2e the earthGs surface if it is to tra2el in a circular path& 4 - 0 *000 mi D 1000 mi 0 000 mi . mv ' 7mme = . R R'
v=

000 mi 0 '.6* = 10+ ft 5

v=

7me . R

0.30*# m 6 R = '.6* = 10+ ft = #.0*+ = 10 m 1 ft v = +0*1 m$s

(6.6+ = 10-11 9 m ' $ 7! ' )( .1# = 10'* 7!) . #.0*+ = 106 m

10- 3. A '-7! ball at s"in!s in a 2ertical circle at the end of a cord ' m in len!th. %hat is the critical 2elocity at the top if the orbit is to remain circular& T + mg = mv ' . (ritical speed vc is when T = ) R vc = *.*' m$s
T mg

vc = gR = (1.# m$s ' )('.0 m) ;

<10- *. A *-7! roc7 s"in!s at a constant speed of 10 m$s in a 2ertical circle at the end of a 1.* m cord. %hat are the tensions in the cord at the top and bottom of the circular path& *t Top+ T + mg = mv ' and R
'

T=

mv ' mg R T = '*+ 9

v
T mg

T=

(* 7!)(10 m$s) (* 7!)(1.# m$s ' ) . (1.* m) mv ' and R T=

*t ,ottom+ T mg =

mv ' + mg R

v
mg

13

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion (* 7!)(10 m$s) ' + (* 7!)(1.# m$s ' ) . (1.* m)

Physics, 6th Edition

T=

T = 3' 9

<10-

. %hat fre,uency of re2olution is re,uired to raise the fly"ei!hts in 8i!. 10-16 a 2ertical distance of ' mm abo2e their lo"est position. Assume that @ 0 1 0 mm. h = 1 0 mm A ' mm 0 1'* mm. h 0 0.1'* m f = 1 ' g 1 = h ' 1.# m$s ' ; 0.1' m f = 1.*1 re2$s 0 #*.6 rpm @ h

<10- 6. /he combined mass of a motorcycle and dri2er is '10 7!. :f the dri2er is to ne!otiate a loop-the-loop of radius 6 m, "hat is the critical speed at the top& vc = gR = (1.# m$s ' )(6.0 m) ; vc = +.6+ m$s

<10- +. :f the speed at the top of the loop in Prob. 10- * is 1' m$s, "hat is the normal force at the top of the loop& *t Top+ N + mg = mv ' and R N = mv ' mg R N = '1#0 9
T mg

N =

('10 7!)(1' m$s) ' ('10 7!)(1.# m$s ' ) . (6 m)

10- #. /he speed limit at a certain turn of radius '00 ft is * mi$h. %hat is the optimum ban7in! an!le for this situation. Are roads actually constructed at the optimum an!les& v = * mi$h 0 66.0 ft$s. tan = v' (66 ft$s) ' = . 0 3*.'0. 9> gR (1.# m$s ' )('00 ft)

136

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion <10- 1. 8or the fi!ure sho"n in 8i!. 10-1+, assume that a 0 ' m and @ 0 * m. 8ind the speed to cause the s"in! to mo2e out to an an!le of '0 & % = # sin 0 (* m) sin '00 0 1.3+ m. R = a & % = 3.3+ m. v' tan = . gR
0

Physics, 6th Edition

# %

v = gR tan

v = 3.*+ m$s

R=a&%

Critical hinkin) +uestions

<10-60. A coin rests on a rotatin! platform distance of 1' cm from the center of rotation. :f the coefficient of static friction is 0.6, "hat is the ma=imum fre,uency of rotation such that he coin does not slip& Huppose the fre,uency is cut in half. 9o" ho" far from the center can the coin be placed& The maximum frequenc/ occurs when Fc = Fs Fc = * ' f ' mR. F s 0s mg . * ' f ' mR = s mg . f = Fc = Fs

s g * ' R

f =

s g (0.6)(1.# m$s ' ) = . * ' R * ' (0.1' m)

+ re2$s.

f = 1.11 re2$s

f' =

1.11* re2$s = 0. ' R' =

* ' f '' mR' = s mg .

R' =

s g * ' f ''

(0.6)(1.# m$s ' ) . * ' (0. + re2$s) '

R = 0.*#0 m;

R = *#.0 cm

<10-61. /he laboratory apparatus sho"n in 8i!. 10-11 allo"s a rotatin! mass to stretch a sprin! so that the supportin! cord is 2ertical at a particular fre,uency of rotation. Assume the mass of the bob is *00 ! and the radius of re2olution is 1* cm. %ith a stop "atch the time for 0 re2olutions is found to be 3 s. %hat is the ma!nitude and direction of the force actin! on the bob& First find f in (re2$s). 13+
*00 ! 1* cm

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion f = 0 re2 = 1.*'1 re2$s 3 s Fc = * ' f ' mR

Physics, 6th Edition

Fc = * ' (1.*'1 re2$s) ' (0.* 7!)(0.1* m) . Fc = *. 1 9, directed toward the center The centripetal force is <. the %o%

The outward force <. the spring is .<T the centripetal force <10-6'. :n Problem 10-' abo2e, assume that a 100-! mass is added to the *00-! bob& /he force re,uired to stretch the sprin! should be the same as before, but the rotatin! mass has increased. %hat chan!es "hen the e=periment is performed a!ain so that the centripetal force is the same as before& >n "hat does the centripetal force act in this e=periment& Since the centripetal force must %e the same6 it is necessar/ that the velocit/ %e reduced so that+ Fc = mv ' . The product mv2 must %e the same R m1v1' (*00 !)v1' = m' ( 00 !)
1* cm 100 !

*00 !

' ' m1v1' = m' v' . v' =

v1 = 2f1R = 2(1.*'1 re2$s)(0.1* m) 0 1.'6 m$s

v' =

(*00 !)v1' = 0.#1* v1 . ( 00 !)

v2 = (0.#1*)(1.'6 m$s).

v2 = 1.13 m$s

Thus6 the o%:ect moves slower and the frequenc/ of revolution decreases so that the
' centripetal force acting <. the %o% does not change+ m1v1' = m' v'

<10-63. A 10-in. diameter platform turns at +# rpm. A bu! rests on the platform 1 in. from the outside ed!e. :f the bu! "ei!hs 0.0' lb, "hat force acts on it& %hat e=erts this force& %here should the bu! cra"l in order to reduce this force by one-half& f = +# re2$min 0 1.30 re2$s. m = -$g 0 0.0' lb$3' ft$s'. m 0 0.0006' slu!s

13#

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion R= in. A 1 in. 0 * in.. R 0 (*$1') ft 0 0.333 ft.

Physics, 6th Edition Fc = ;2f2 mR Fc 0 0.0131 lb

Fc = * ' (1.3 re2$s) ' (0.0006' slu!)(0.333 ft) ;

The central force <. the %ug is exerted ,= the platform 3Static friction! Since Fc is proportional to R6 halving the radius will also halve the force> R' = (* in.) = ' in. ; The %ug should crawl to a point 2 cm from the center '

<10-6*. /he diameter of Fupiter is 11 times that of the earth, and its mass is about 3'0 times that of earth. %hat is the acceleration due to !ra2ity near the surface of Fupiter& m: = 11me = 3'0( .1# = 10'* 7!). m: = 1.11* = 10'+ R: = 11Re = 11(6.3# = 106 m). R: = +.01# = 10+ m . 7m : R
' :

mg : =

7mm : R' :

g: =

(6.6+ = 10-11 9 m ' $7! ' )(1.11* = 10'+ 7!) . (+.01# = 10+ m) '

g: = ' .1 m$s'

<10-6 . Assume that # 0 0 cm and m 0 ' 7! in 8i!. 10-16. ?o" many re2olutions per second are needed to ma7e the an!le 0 300& %hat is the tension in the supportin! rod at that point& 4 h = ( 0 cm) cos 300 0 0.*33 m. m = '.0 7!. 0 300 5 v' . v = gR tan = (1.# m$s ' )(0.' m) tan(300 ) gR f = v (1.11 m$s) = ; ' R ' (0.' m) f = 0.+ + re2$s @ h

tan =

v = 1.11 m$s. v = 2fR;

T cos 0 mg;

mg (' 7!)(1.# m$s ' ) ; T= = cos cos 300

T = ''.6 9

131

Chapter 10. Uniform Circular Motion

Physics, 6th Edition

<10-66. A 1-7! bloc7 rests on the bed of a truc7 as it turns a cur2e of radius #6 m. Assume that 7 0 0.3 and that s 0 0.*. Ioes the friction force on the bloc7 act to"ard the center of the turn or a"ay& %hat is the ma=imum speed "ith "hich the truc7 can ma7e the turn "ithout slippin!& %hat if the truc7 ma7es the turn at a much !reater speed, "hat "ould be the resultant force on the bloc7& 4 F 0 8c . m = 1 7! 5 vc = s gR = (0.*)(1.# m$s ' )(#6 m) . - 0 #6 m 8c Fs

vc 0 1#.* m$s F7 0 8- 0 '6. 9

F7 0 7mg = (0.3)(1 7!)(1.# m$s ).

'

1*0