Work, Power & Energy

Work
The product of force and the amount of
displacement along the line of action of
that force.

W ork = F orce  displacem e nt

Units: Newton•meter (Joule)
ft . lbs (horsepower)
1kg =9.81N.
Work = F x d
To calculate work done on an object, we
need:
The Force
The average magnitude of the force
The direction of the force
The Displacement
The magnitude of the change of position
The direction of the change of position
Calculate Work
During the ascent phase of a rep of the
bench press, the lifter exerts an
average vertical force of 1000 N
against a barbell while the barbell
moves 0.8 m upward
How much work did the lifter do to the
barbell?
Calculate Work
Table of Variables:
Force = +1000 N
Displacement = +0.8 m

Force is positive due to pushing upward

Displacement is positive due to moving
upward
Calculate Work
Table of Variables:
Force = +1000 N
Displacement = +0.8 m
Select the equation and solve:
Work = Force  displaceme nt
Work = (+ 1000 N )  (+ 0.8m )
Work = 800 Nm  800 Joule  800 J
- & + Work
Positive work is performed when
the direction of the force and
the direction of motion are the
same
ascent phase of the bench press
Throwing a ball
push off (upward) phase of a jump
Calculate Work
During the descent phase of a rep of
the bench press, the lifter exerts an
average vertical force of 1000 N
against a barbell while the barbell
moves 0.8 m downward
Calculate Work
Table of Variables
Force = +1000 N
Displacement = -0.8 m

Force is positive due to pushing upward

Displacement is negative due to movement
downward
 Calculate Work
Table of Variables
Force = +1000 N
Displacement = -0.8 m
Select the equation and solve:
Work = Force  displaceme nt
Work = (+ 1000 N )  (− 0.8m )
Work = −800 Nm  −800 Joule  −800 J
- & + Work
Positive work
Negative work is performed
when the direction of the force
and the direction of motion are
the opposite
descent phase of the bench press
catching
landing phase of a jump
Power
The rate of doing work
Work = Fd

Power = Work / time

Power = Fd / t
Power = Force  velocity
Units: Fd/s = J/s = watt
Calculate & compare power
During the ascent phase of a rep of the
bench press, two lifters each exert an
average vertical force of 1000 N
against a barbell while the barbell
moves 0.8 m upward
Lifter A: 0.50 seconds
Lifter B: 0.75 seconds
Calculate & compare power
Lifter A Lifter B’s time would
Table of Variables be .75 sec instead
F = 1000 N of .5 sec
d = 0.8 m
t = 0.50 s
Fd
Power =
t
1000 N  0.8m
Power =
0.50 s
800 J
Power = = 1600 w
0.50 s
Energy
Energy (E) is defined as the capacity to do
work (scalar)
Many forms
No more created, only converted
chemical, sound, heat, nuclear, mechanical
 Potential and Kinetic and
Mechanical Energy

Potential energy, stored energy that depends

upon the relative position of various parts of
a system.
Kinetic energy, form of energy that an
object or a particle has by reason of
its motion.
Mechanical energy, sum of the kinetic
energy, or energy of motion, and the potential
energy, or energy stored in a system by
reason of the position of its parts.
Formulas:

Kg= 9.8N
Sample Problem

If a 50kg man is to Solution for Potential

energy:
go up a 2m stair, PE = mgh
what will be he’s PE = (50kg) (9.8N) ( 2m)
PE and KE if he PE = 980J
reached the top
within 60 secs.?
M= 50kg
H= 2m
T = 60 secs
Thermal Energy

Thermal energy refers to the energy

contained within a system that is
responsible for its temperature. Heat is
the flow of thermal energy.
Chemical energy,

Energy stored in the

bonds of chemical
compounds.
Chemical energy may
be released during
a chemical reaction,
often in the form of
heat; such reactions
are
called exothermic.
Electrical Energy

Energy derived as a
result of movement of
electrons. When used
loosely, electrical
energy refers to energy
that has been
converted from electric
potential energy.
Sound Energy

The physical vibration waves that

travel through the air to reach the
ears signaling the brain to interpret
incoming sound(s).
Light Energy
A form of energy consisting of particle-like
photons with wavelike properties, and in
which affects the physiology of organism, e.g.
through sense of sight, photosynthesis, etc.
Nuclear Energy
Nuclear energy, also called atomic energy, energy that
is released in significant amounts in processes that
affect atomic nuclei, the dense cores of atoms. It is
distinct from the energy of other atomic phenomena
such as ordinary chemical reactions, which involve only
the orbital electrons of atoms.
FORMULA
W o rk = F o rc e  d isp la c e m e n t
Work Problem

1. How much work is it to lift a 20. kg

sack of potatoes vertically 6.5 m?
Formula: W= fd
Mass =20kg x 9.8n
196N
Displacement = 6.5m
W = 196n x 6.5 m
Work = 1274nm or 1274 joules
Force Problem

2. If a small motor does 520. J of work

to move a toy car 260. m, what force
does it exert?
Work = force x displacement
Work = 520 j
Force = ?
Displacement = 260m
520j = x (260m)
F= 2n
Power Problem

7. How much power does it take to lift

30.0 N 10.0 m high in 5.00 s?
Power = Fd/t
P= ? F= 30n d= 10m t= 5s
Power = 30n(10m) / 5s
=300mn/5s
=60watts
Assignment:

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